<p>Identity includes an individual´s self-image and the consciousness about their self. It is about being the same person despite changes in their life situation. The identity often get´s fragile because of the disease. Beacuse of the individual´s feeling of lost identity there may arise a conflict between the person and people in his or her surroundings. They may no longer see the sick person in the same way as they used to. The purpose of this study was to highlight how disease in everyday life and admission to a hospital affects the identity. The study was carried out as a litterature based study. There were especially two categories that were important, the social dimension of identity and the personal dimension of identity. The personal identity is mostly related to the fact that the person is admitted to hospital and the concept of autonomy, integrity, dignity and empowerment. The social identity is more about the relationship to family, friends and colleagues, but it is also related to the nurse-¬¬¬¬¬patient relationship. The different parts of identity in relation to itself and to others do have a common influence. A large part of the personal freedom is deprived during a stay in the hospital. It is important that the nurse pays attention to the patient´s individual personality and habits. This will make that person feel well respected and it will also make it easier for the individual to maintain his or her identity. It is important to highlight how disease affects the identity, both in the nurseprofession and in the education to become a nurse. More research in the areas identity and caring is needed.</p>

This book is a contribution to the debate of the metaphysics and value of death. The metaphysical problems of death are closely connected with the debate of personal identity. In Chapter Two, I defend the view that human persons are human organisms. This view, often called "Animalism," is apparently incompatible with a standard account of personal identity over time, "the Psychological View." I try to show how the Animalist can accommodate the intuitions that seem to support the Psychological View. In Chapter Three, I discuss the thesis that human persons cease to exist when they die, a thesis that has bearing on several metaphysical and ethical questions. Recently, many materialists have attacked the thesis, arguing that human persons continue to exist after death as corpses. In opposition to this popular view, I argue that human animals, and hence human persons, do go out of existence at death. Epicureans deny that death is an evil for the one who dies. Their arguments are based on what will be called "the missing subject problem." In Chapter Four, I aim to show that Epicureanism survives the objections that have been put forward in current literature. But I also argue that a more convincing case can be made against the Epicurean view. Anti-Epicureans typically base the view that death is sometimes bad for the deceased on the "deprivation approach." This approach seems to have the unsavory consequence that prenatal non-existence, too, is a great evil. Recently, proponents of the deprivation approach have suggested a number of ways of avoiding this implication. In Chapter Five, I argue that all these attempts fail, and that it is preferable to accept the consequence. In Chapter Six I turn to the question of the reasonableness of the special concern that most people have for their own deaths. I claim that this issue should be treated in the light of the more general question of the justifiability of special concern about one's own future. It is often held that such concern is justified if and only if "Non-Reductionism" about personal identity is correct. I argue, on the contrary, that it is unjustified whether or not Non-Reductionism is true.

Purpose/Aim: To describe likenesses and differences between the personal identity of the common Kalmar nation member and the collective identity of the organization Kalmar nation as described by said members. Material/Method: Collecting data through a quantitative survey, where the members answer questions about themselves and Kalmar nation, and subsequent analysis of said data by means of theories about personal, collective, and brand identity. Main results: After analyzing the data from the survey I conclude that there exists both likenesses and differences between the organization and its members. Some likenesses are more pronounced than others, and the same can be said for the differences. However, within the three areas of study (specific identity traits, politics and music) politics and music showed more similarity between the members and the nation than the specific identity traits did. The most interesting aspect of the analysis show that the members have quite a common view of the organization despite their own widely different descriptions of themselves.

Title: Morning papers, evening papers or webb magazines? - a qualitative study about young adults attitudes about the different magazine types.Number of pages: 45Author: Antonella MarinoTutor: Göran SvenssonCourse: Media and communication studiesPeriod: Autumn term 2009University: Division of Media and communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University.Purpose/aim: The aim of this essay is to find out how young adults of the age of 20-30 discusses about the different types of news papers: morning papers, evening papers and Webb magazines. I have chosen four needs for my essay which are surveillance, emotional release/ entertainment, personal identity and interactivity. The purpose is to find out the differences between morning papers, evening papers and webb magazines. Which magazine type satisfies my four chosen needs in a best way? Which other conditions influence the young adults choices of magazine type? I will also try to find out if the new idea interactivity can be equivalent to the other three needs.Material/Method: I have used three groups for discussion for my essay. The three groups contained 4-5 people. Everyone was in the age of 20-30. I brought some friends of mine to the groups, who instead brought there friends. So everyone in the group knew someone, but not everybody.Main results: There were bigger differences between the attitudes towards morning- and evening papers than between them and the webb magazines. The young adults had positive attitudes towards morning papers, but very negative attitudes towards evening papers. The webb magazines depended on which type of magazine it was. If it was a morning paper in a webb version the attitudes were positive. So the morning papers and their versions in the webb satisfied the needs of the young adults in a best way. But of course the results were different, some of the young adults preferred the evening papers for entertainment and webb maqazines for surveillance and interactivity. The other conditions that influence the choices of the young adults for reading different types of papers were for example their personal attributes, their social situation but even occasions. I found interactivity equivalent to the other needs.Key words: morning papers, evening papers, webb magazines, young adults, surveillance, personal release/entertainment, personal identity and interactivity.

Identity includes an individual´s self-image and the consciousness about their self. It is about being the same person despite changes in their life situation. The identity often get´s fragile because of the disease. Beacuse of the individual´s feeling of lost identity there may arise a conflict between the person and people in his or her surroundings. They may no longer see the sick person in the same way as they used to. The purpose of this study was to highlight how disease in everyday life and admission to a hospital affects the identity. The study was carried out as a litterature based study. There were especially two categories that were important, the social dimension of identity and the personal dimension of identity. The personal identity is mostly related to the fact that the person is admitted to hospital and the concept of autonomy, integrity, dignity and empowerment. The social identity is more about the relationship to family, friends and colleagues, but it is also related to the nurse-¬¬¬¬¬patient relationship. The different parts of identity in relation to itself and to others do have a common influence. A large part of the personal freedom is deprived during a stay in the hospital. It is important that the nurse pays attention to the patient´s individual personality and habits. This will make that person feel well respected and it will also make it easier for the individual to maintain his or her identity. It is important to highlight how disease affects the identity, both in the nurseprofession and in the education to become a nurse. More research in the areas identity and caring is needed.

Ought we to enhance our cognitive capacities beyond the normal human range? There is no denying that it might be a good idea to level out differences between people with respect to cognitive capacities, and there is no denying that some persons' reaching beyond normal capacities may have some good side-effects on society at large (but also bad side-effects, of course). But is there any direct gain to be made by having ones cognitive capacities enhanced? Will this as such make our lives go better? No, I argue, or, at least, there doesn't seem to exist any evidence suggesting that it would. And it doesn't matter whether we consider the question from a narrow hedonistic perspective, from a more refined hedonistic perspective, from a desire-satisfaction view, or if we adopt some reasonable objective list view of what makes a life go well. Only on an extremely perfectionist — and implausible —view of what makes our lives go well could any direct value in cognitive enhancement find support. Finally, there are no good reasons to do with our sense of identity to enhance even our capacity to remember. So, cognitive enhancement as such would not make our lives go any better. / <p>Author count: 1</p>

Certain contemporary philosophers (e.g. Dainton, 2008; Strawson, 1999; Foster, 2008) have thought that the first-person, qualitative aspect of conscious experience should be taken seriously when it comes to our thinking about personal identity through time. These philosophers have thus argued that experiential continuity is essential to a person’s ability to persist identically through time. This is what I will call ‘the phenomenological theory’. In this thesis I describe the phenomenological theory and then discuss three problems that have plagued the history of this theory: the bridge problem, the token problem, and the ontological problem. I will argue that a recent version of the phenomenological theory proposed by Barry Dainton and Timothy Bayne (2005) provides satisfactory answers to two of these problems, but not the third. I will conclude this thesis by proposing a superior version of the phenomenological theory—one that can handle all three problems.

Lucretius’ symmetry argument is always understood as a simple addition to Epicurus’ deprivation argument. Both are based on same presuppositions and both are referring to the state of being dead. However, by closer examination, we can see that they are using different perspectives. The symmetry argument adopts a first-person perspective, whereas the deprivation argument adopts a third-person perspective. According to this difference, it can be further inferred that the symmetry argument actually provides a very important supplemental argument for the deprivation argument by trying to bridge the potential gap in the deprivation argument.

In light of claims that liberalism has led to a breakdown in society, this paper refutes these claims by examining how workplace spirituality at Starbucks Coffee impacts the identities of several employees. While others have examined workplace spirituality as a management technique, this study illustrates how it could be understood as a distinctly modern way of being religious. By linking the ethnography to recent religious trends, this study illustrates how employees are cultivating a spirituality of an inner self. Specifically, these employees accomplish three things. First, they claim to discover their true authentic self. Also, despite the alienation of modern life, workplace spirituality helps employees establish new forms of community. Third, they rework traditional notions of authority in the workplace in ways that strengthen a connection with their inner selves. Finally, the author briefly explores the broader ethical and religious implications that arise from understanding the dynamics of workplace spirituality.

This study focuses on aspects of cult experiences, given by deconverted former members of closed religious movements. Their testimonies were published in books or interviews. The aims of the study were to understand the interaction between the religious group and its members, living in high tension towards mainstream society and their testimonies of altered self-esteem during attraction, membership, deconversion and defection. The purpose was to understand how a person´s self-esteem is affected by inner mechanisms of closed religious movements and how these experiences affects a persons identity. Another aspect was whether there might be differences in altered self-esteem, between those who enlisted as adults, and those who were born into the closed religious contexts. Social Identity Theory, Sigmund Freud´s and Carl Rogers models of personal ego were used as models of interpretations. Qualitative methods have been used for analysis of data. The defectors´ testimonies could be interpretated in terms of altered social identity. During attraction and membership, the members perceived him or herself as an in-group member, which boosted their self-esteem. Their perceived selves existed in congruence with group norms. Being a former member lead to a reversed process of socialisation and self perception, during which the out-group became a new in-group in order to enhance self-esteem. Those, who enlisted as adults, reformed back to their former identity and thereby enhanced their self-esteem by integrating their cult experiences with their former self. Those, who were born into the religious movements, had troubles to adapt to mainstream society, as they did not have any alternative personal identity outside the group, and therefore experienced difficulties to enhance self-esteem.