This research relies on Ferris et al.¡]2002¡^ perceptions of organizational politics revision model, discussion ¡§perceptions of organizational politics¡¨ right ¡§organization politics behavior¡¨ influence, and further confirms ¡§understanding¡¨, ¡§perceived control¡¨ and ¡§locus of control¡¨, ¡§type A personality¡¨, ¡§general self-efficacy¡¨ and ¡§job self-efficacy¡¨ and so on personal characteristics to be right ¡§perceptions of organizational politics and the organization politics behavior relations¡¨ the disturbance effect. This research altogether provides 2,133 questionnaire, recycles 1,940 questionnaire, the effective questionnaire is 1,890, the findings discovered: 1.Perceptions of organizational politics is not remarkable to the organization politics behavior is related. 2.¡§understanding¡¨, ¡§perceived control¡¨ and ¡§locus of control¡¨, ¡§type A personality¡¨, ¡§general self-efficacy¡¨ and ¡§job self-efficacy¡¨ and so on personal characteristics to be right ¡§perceptions of organizational politics and the political behavior¡¨ the part assumes the remarkable disturbance. 3.The salary is promoted the policy and the actual execution disparity too big strengthening perceptions of organizational politics existence, produces the perceptions of organizational politics important ingredient, then causes the organization members to seek a bigger advantage using the political behavior.

ABSTRACT Titel: Branson - Jobs; Entreprenör och/eller Ledare? Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Madeleine Nordin och Runa Claesson Handledare: Lars Ekstrand Datum: Maj 2012 Syfte: Syftet är att belysa relationen, och studera sambandet, mellan rollerna entreprenör - ledare. Vad förenar dem, och vad skiljer dem åt? Finns det något motsatsförhållande mellan dessa båda roller? Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ studie där ansatsen är en kombination av induktiv och deduktiv ansats, så kallad abduktion. Information och material till vår studie har vi fått genom en intervju och i övrigt olika typer av sekundärinformation. Resultat & slutsats: Tidigare forskning talar om det komplexa i skärningspunkten mellan rollerna entreprenör och ledare. Det råder till viss del delade meningar om huruvida det finns ett behov av att, ur ett vetenskapligt perspektiv, göra en distinktion mellan dessa roller. Utifrån vilken kontext man definierar entreprenörsrollen kan den vara densamma som ledarrollen menar vissa. Det finns mycket som förenar rollerna som entreprenör och ledare, men det finns också en del som skiljer dem åt. Vår slutsats är att skillnaderna handlar mer om hur rollerna uppfattas och hur de utmärkande dragen beskrivs än vad det egentligen innebär att vara entreprenör och/eller ledare. Både Jobs och Branson stämmer väl in på de personlighetstyper som tidigare studier och forskning beskriver kring ledare och entreprenörer. Vi kan inte utifrån vår studie, se att det finns något motsatsförhållande mellan dessa båda roller. Vi kan inte heller säga att vi funnit något i entreprenörsrollen som utesluter alternativt förstärker något i ledarrollen, eller tvärtom. Det handlar mer om hur man som individ väljer att agera utifrån de båda rollerna och vad situationen kräver. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Att utifrån en större pool av entreprenörer studera deras bakgrunder, roller och drivkrafter och kartlägga hur de hanterar rollen som entreprenör och ledare. Detta för att se vilka mönster som eventuellt går att hitta - finns det kopplingar mellan bakgrund och uppväxt i frågan om hur man hanterar rollen som ledare och/eller rollen som entreprenör? Finns det andra mönster att urskilja när det gäller dessa individers olika drivkrafter och förmåga att hantera rollen som entreprenör och/eller ledare? En annan vinkel vore att undersöka ett antal entreprenörer som lyckats och nått framgång (finansiellt) och som sedan ägnar sig åt välgörenhet i stor utsträckning. Vad driver den som redan lyckats? Vad ligger till grund för vilken typ av välgörenhet som lockar, och på vilket sätt ser engagemangen ut? Uppsatsens bidrag: Vår studie bidrar till en ökad förståelse för vad det innebär att vara entreprenör och/eller ledare. Studien visar också på likheter och skillnader mellan dessa roller, var rollerna överlappar varandra och vad som kännetecknar respektive roll. Nyckelord: Entreprenörskap, Ledarskap, Drivkraft, Personliga egenskaper, Självkänsla, Vision         ABSTRACT Title: Branson - Jobs; Entrepreneur and/or Leader? Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Madeleine Nordin och Runa Claesson Supervisor: Lars Ekstrand Date: May 2012 Aim: The aim is to illustrate the relation, and to study the connection between the roles of entrepreneurship – leadership. What is common and what is different? Is there anything that is contradicting between these two roles? Method: This study is a qualitative study with a combination of an inductive and deductive approach, known as abduction. The information and material for our study have been collected through an interview and besides that by using different types of secondary information. Result & Conclusions: Earlier research talks about the complex intersection between the roles of an entrepreneur and a leader. There are disagreements about the need to make a distinction between the roles out of a scientific perspective. Some researchers suggest that the definition of entrepreneur or leader is formed by the context. There are many things in common between the roles as an entrepreneur and as a leader, but there are also things that differ. The differences are more about how the roles are interpreted and how the specific roles are described compared to what it really means to be an entrepreneur and/or leader. Both Branson and Jobs matches well what previous studies have defined in terms of the personalities of an entrepreneur and leader. Based on our studies we have not been able to shown any contradictions between these roles. Neither have we found anything in the role of an entrepreneur that contradicts or enhance the role of a leader, or vice versa. It´s more a matter of how one, as an individual, choose to act and what the situation demands. Suggestions for future research: To use a larger pool of entrepreneurs and study their background, their roles and striving forces to be able to see if there are any patterns in terms of how they handling the role as an entrepreneur and leader. Are there any connection between background and upbringing when it comes to how to handle the role? Are there any other patterns that can be defined regarding these individuals different way of handling their roles? Another angle would be to analyze a number of successful entrepreneurs (financially) who then moved on to focus on charity work. What drives someone that has already succeeded? What is the foundation that determines the type of charity that appeals to them and what does the engagement look like? Contribution of the thesis: The contribution of this study is a better understanding of what it means to be an entrepreneur and/or leader. The study also shows the differences between these roles, where they overlap each other and what the characteristics of each role are. Key words: Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Driving forces, Personal characteristics

Šiandieninėje visuomenėje vienas iš esminių modernios, besimokančios organizacijos bruožų yra komandinis darbas. Komandinis darbas populiarus daugelyje veiklos sričių ir įgija vis didesnę vertę. Organizacija gali efektyviai veikti ir siekti tikslų, tik subūrusi puikiai veikiančią komandą. Tačiau tai yra sudėtingas, išmanymo ir žinių reikalaujantis darbas. Socialiniai darbuotojai vieni iš daugelio, kurie priklauso įvairioms darbo komandoms. Šio darbo tikslas įvertinti socialinių darbuotojų požiūrį į komandinį darbą. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiamas socialinio darbuotojo profesinės veiklos apibrėžimas ir reglamentavimas. Antroje darbo dalyje apžvelgiamas komandinis darbas kaip strategija. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad dauguma socialinių darbuotojų teigiamai vertina komandinį darbą, tačiau dar nėra išsiugdę pakankamos jo kompetencijos. Organizacijose, dirbančiose pagal komandinio darbo principus, vyrauja palanki darbo aplinka ir draugiški santykiai, bet socialiniams darbuotojams tenka per didelis darbo krūvis ir atsakomybė, ne visi susipažinę su komandinio darbo principais. Socialinių darbuotojų komandinio darbo ir veiklos ypatumai, priklauso nuo jų amžiaus, darbo stažo ir asmeninių savybių. Žinių apie komandinį darbą, respondentai norėtų įsigyti kvalifikacijos tobulinimo kursuose. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos praktinės rekomendacijos socialinio darbuotojo veiklai komandoje tobulinti, kurios turėtų padėti išsiugdyti pakankamas komandinio darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In modern society one of the main features of developing organisation is teamwork. Teamwork is popular among different fields of activity and it is becoming more and more valuable. Only having formend the team which works perfectly organization is able to work effectibely and reach its aims. However, this is complicated, requiring knoledge ands skills work. Social workers are the ones, who helong to varions teams. The aim of this work is to evaluate the social workers attitude towards teamwork. In the first part of this work there is the definition and description of professional activity. In the second part of this work the teamwork as a strategy is analyzed. After the research it became clear that most social workers evaluate this positively, but they still feel the lack of competence. Organizations, which have been working following the principles of teamwork have favourable working atmosfere and warm relations, although social workers suffer from overwork and responsibility, also not everyone is acquainted with the principles of teamwork. The character of social workers teamwork depends on their age, work experience and personal characteristics. The respondents would like to gain knowledge by going to qualification improvement courses. In the end of this work practical recommendations to improve teamwork are given. These recommendations should help in developing sufficient teamwork competences .

Perdegimo sindromas laikomas „psichiniu sindromu“, kuris apibūdina idealistiškai nusiteikusių ir atsidavusių, pareigingų žmonių būseną, kai dėl per didelio profesinio krūvio arba asmeninių savybių, arba ir dėl vieno, ir dėl kito, žmogus galiausiai pasijunta visiškai išsekęs. Dažnas slaugytojų susidūrimas su neigiamomis emocijomis, sunkumais, kuriuos reikia įveikti norint suteikti pacientui realią pagalbą, ir mažas slaugytojos profesijos prestižas visuomenėje, lemia neigiamą slaugytojų darbo dinamiką. Tai yra, keičiasi slaugytojų motyvacija, nusiviliama profesija, išsivysto perdegimo sindromas ir vyksta neigiami pokyčiai specialistų asmenybės struktūroje. Tikslas: Ištirti Universiteto ligoninės vaikų skyrių slaugytojų perdegimo sindromo paplitimą ir jo ryšį su asmeninėmis savybėmis. Uždaviniai: 1) Įvertinti slaugytojų, dirbančių Universiteto ligoninės vaikų skyriuose, perdegimo sindromo paplitimą. 2) Ištirti slaugytojų, dirbančių Universiteto ligoninės vaikų skyriuose, pagrindines asmenines savybes. 3) Įvertinti perdegimo sindromo ir slaugytojų asmeninių savybių sąsajas. Tyrimo metodas 2013 m. sausio - kovo mėnesiais atlikta slaugytojų anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Tyrime dalyvavo Universiteto ligoninės vaikų skyrių slaugytojos. Anoniminio anketavimo metodu apklausta 216 slaugytojų (atsakas 84 %). Visos respondentės buvo moterys. Tyriamųjų perdegimo sindromo paplitimas buvo vertintas standartizuotu Maslach perdegimo sindromo klausimynu – MBI (angl. Maslach Burnout Inventory)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Burnout syndrome refers to „mental syndrome“ that defines the state of idealistically minded and dedicated, dutiful people when due to excessive workload or personal characteristics, or due to both circumstances a person finally feels completely exhausted. Frequent negative emotions, difficulties that are faced by nurses and that must be overcome in order to provide a real help to a patient, also poor status of the nurses profession in the society determine low dynamics of work of nurses. I.e. motivation of nurses’ changes, they become disappointed regarding their profession, develops a burnout syndrome and there are adverse changes in the structure of personality of professionals. Purpose: To analyse the prevalence of burnout syndrome among the nurses of University hospital‘s children department and its relation with personal features. The method of analysis. During the period between January and March 2013 the anonymous questionnaire survey was carried out. The nurses of University hospital‘s children departments were participating in the analysis. Through application of the method of anonymous questionnaire 216 nurses were questioned (response rate is equal to 84%). All the respondents were women. Prevalence of burnout syndrome among the survey participants was assessed through application of standardized Maslach questionnaire of burnout syndrome – MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory). The questionnaire contains 22 propositions that measure three dimensions of burnout... [to full text]

Entrepreneurs and the components that motivates them not to give up when facing obstacles have been the focus in many different studies. There have also been some studies which aims at connecting the concepts of intrapreneurs and motivation. However, we found a gap in the research which compares Swedish entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs focusing on their motivational factors. Therefore, this study aims to fulfill the found research gap through looking deeper into the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors of both entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. This led up to the following formulation of the research question: What are the main differences in motivation factors between successful entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs in Sweden? To answer this question, a qualitative study was conducted with the focus on gaining more understanding on what intrinsic and extrinsic factors motivates entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. Participants in the study were found based on criteria such as working in Sweden and being considered as successful through nominations or rewards. Data collection was done through using semi-structured interviews with five entrepreneurs and five intrapreneurs with the focus on finding motivational factors and typical personal characteristics related to their line of work. Since we found similar motivational factors in our chosen theories, it was decided that they would be used in the interviews. These factors were; Monetary reward, Challenges, Training, Acknowledgement, Affiliation, Power and Accomplishment.  Results show that the entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs have differences in their motivational factors both among the individuals within each title, as well as between the titles. The motivational factors found were paired with definitions of factors from the theories. Personal characteristics of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs were also found and connected to theories about personal characteristics. The analyzed answers of intrapreneurs’ and entrepreneurs’ motivational factors were compared against each other to see if the motivational factors differ between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. The conclusion of this study is that for the extrinsic motivational factors, the entrepreneurs are more motivated by monetary rewards than the intrapreneurs and challenges motivates the intrapreneurs more than the entrepreneurs. For the intrinsic factors, power was more motivating for the entrepreneurs and more intrapreneurs saw acknowledgement as motivating. The factors which had no differences were concluded to not being related to being an entrepreneur or intrapreneur.

Today‘s changing business environment versus the change in curricula creates a potential shortfall in the competencies gained by the students who complete their degree course against the expectations of prospective future employers. The universities however endeavour to teach a tax syllabus that will equip the students with sufficient information and skills to be able to provide tax compliance on a corporate and personal level without much learning subsequent to university level. To some it would appear that the dominant guideline for universities as to what level of knowledge is required of graduates, is what is considered by regulatory bodies to be sufficient. It would follow then, that future employers may require a more technical and detailed knowledge of tax for their type of business than what the graduate would have been taught as a result of a curricula suited to professional bodies. In addition to a potential disconnect in theoretical knowledge, the dynamic working environment requires graduates to be adaptable and maintain a skill set that will aid them more than their theoretical knowledge. Using a questionnaire, data was obtained from the senior personnel employed in the tax departments of the top 30 listed companies of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (―JSE‖) in South Africa. The results showed that there is a variation between the current views and preferences of employers in respect of the theoretical tax knowledge of certain topics listed in the study, as well as in all the types of practical skills listed in the study. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Taxation / unrestricted

Working while studying is a popular trend around the world and the number of nontraditional students are increasing. As a result of working and studying simultaneously, workschool conflict tends to occur. There is still some debate as to which characteristics across the personal and work domains most significantly influence work-school conflict. Similarly, the extent to which social support moderates the experience of work-school conflict is unclear. In this study, secondary data was used to examine a model of work characteristics consisting of job demand, job control and working hours, as well as personal characteristics which include marital status, gender and number of dependents. Further, the effect of social support, comprising of family support, co-worker support and supervisor support as a moderator in this work- and personal characteristics model was also explored. The respondents of this study (N = 367) were from either a South African or American context and the characteristics in both contexts were explored. The analysis revealed that the proposed work- and personal characteristics model is not significant; and social support does not moderate the relationship. Furthermore, this research study found that there are different significant predictors of workschool conflict across the two distinct contexts.

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Inledning: Att skönhet och attraktivitet ger fördelar i livet har bekräftats i många studier. Tänderna är en bidragande faktor till hur människor bedömer varandra. Vita tänder föredras i många fall och missfärgade tänder är minst önskvärt. En studie visar att endast skillnader i tändernas utseende kan påverka hur vi uppfattar en annan människa och vackrare tänder kan få en person att uppfattas som mer intelligent och mer framgångsrik.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad i bedömningen av personlighetsdrag utifrån ett blekt, ett missfärgat och ett omanipulerat bett, samt jämföra resultatet mellan hur tandläkarstudenter i Sverige och Sri Lanka bedömer detta.Material och metod: Ett fotografi på en man och en kvinna manipulerades till tre olika utseenden: Blekt, omanipulerat och missfärgat. En enkät för att mäta karaktärsdrag utformades. Enkäten, ett fotografi av sex möjliga och ett informationsblad delades ut till totalt 126 tandläkarstudenter på respektive universitet. Resultat: Signifikanta skillnader fanns i Sverige mellan kvinnan med det blekta bettet och kvinnan med det missfärgade bettet. I Sri Lanka fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan det omanipulerade bettet på kvinnan och det missfärgade bettet på kvinnan. Slutsats: Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan Sverige och Sri Lanka på hur bilderna bedömdes. Inom länderna fanns dock signifikanta skillnader på hur studenterna tolkade karaktärsdragen på de olika bilderna. I Sverige bedömdes det blekta bettet som mest positivt och det missfärgade som mest negativt. I Sri Lanka bedömdes det omanipulerade bettet som mest positivt och det missfärgade som mest negativt.

The primary purpose of this study is to determine what influence, if any, the age of the mother at the time of a child's birth has on the child's intelligence, educational growth, personal characteristics, and behavior.