The aim of this thesis is to describe, in a preliminary way, the nature of voluntary associations in a peasant community in the Philippines, Kabacan. This objective is discussed in the introductory chapter which also presents a general background on the Philippines. Chapter II discusses some aspects of the fieldwork, the problems the researcher faced in conducting research in his own culture, and a general description of the methodological procedures employed. Chapter III presents a description of the community studied, its recent history, growth, and development and some features of the social and economic life of the population. Chapter IV discusses and analyzes some aspects of the culture and social organization. This analysis is necessary as it sheds light on a broader understanding of the form and character that voluntary associations take and the functions they perform in the community. Chapter V is concerned with an analysis and description of the voluntary associations in the community studied. The analysis here is focused on providing answers to the following questions: Why do people join voluntary associations? What relationships maintain voluntary associations and what undermine them? What types of associations are found in the community? Chapter VI, finally, discusses the functions that voluntary associations serve in a peasant community like Kabacan. This analysis is based on the findings reported and described in Chapter V. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / The Problem: The problem of this study is to determine i£ it is possible to mediate the leadership of corporate worship by means of a radio broadcast. The Protestant churches in the Philippines are faced with a major problem in the form of a shortage of trained ministers. Such a shortage has resulted in the withering away of membership in the local communities and a loss of some congregations to the small sect groups which have come into the Phi1ippinea in large numbers since the end of World War II. The Protestant churches related to the Phi1ippine Federation of Christian Churches have their own religious, educational, non-commercial radio station, Station DYCR. Being located on the campus of the o1deat Evangelical university in the country, the radio station has access to well trained leadership. The staff of the station believes that the radio facilities cou1d provide a partial solution to the present lack of trained 1eadership for many of the congregations [TRUNCATED]

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 乙第13106号 / 論地博第21号 / 新制||地||81(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 清水 展, 教授 小泉 順子, 教授 Hau,Caroline Sy / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

The objective of study is to identify and evaluate the role of the ecotourism business in building community resilience in disaster-vulnerable areas. This dissertation analyzed how an ecotourism business is being managed and examined what contributions the ecotourism business has made to community resiliency in disaster vulnerable areas. In the process of these examination, policies in disaster management, tourism (general policies) and ecotourism in the Philippines has been reviewed. Furthermore, case studies have been examined, a community and a government managed ecotourism business. The cases were analyzed using the "Resilience Indicators for Vulnerable Communities Engaging in Ecotourism." / 博士(グローバル社会研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Global Society Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

This dissertation is an interpretive analysis of the political background of the American annexation and administration of the Philippine Islands between 1900 and 1920. It seeks to analyze the political value of supporting and opposing imperialism to American political parties and elites. Seeking to capitalize on the American victory over Spain in 1898, the Republican Party embraced the annexation of the Philippines as a way to promote an idea of rising American international power. Subsequently, their tenure in the Philippines can be analyzed as bringing industrialization to the Philippines for political gain, casting themselves in a politically popular role of nation builders and bringers of democracy. In opposing the Republicans, Democrats became anti-imperialists by default. After overcoming the initial unpopularity of that ideology, they were able to redefine it in such as way as to co-opt the original Republican successes in the Philippines. As such, the Democratic tenure in the Philippines emphasizes political gamesmanship and patronage that allowed them to effectively "steal" the credit for the democratization of the Philippines for partisan gains against the Republicans.

No description available.

Abstract The archival community worldwide faces challenges posed by the advent of digital communication, shifting understandings of archives prompted by a new emphasis on the power of means of communication and archives to shape knowledge, and fundamental debates that have followed over how archives should be run. Archivists from different parts of the world have started to revamp archival concepts, learn new skills, and acquire the specialized knowledge through graduate level education (master’s and doctoral degrees) necessary to address these challenges. Such specialized university degree programs in archival studies are fairly new phenomena. Professional education for archivists was initially offered in many countries by archives themselves to their new staff members and through conferences held by archival associations. Some then followed with one-year graduate diploma programs that eventually developed into a full master’s degree. In Canada, the Association of Canadian Archivists first established guidelines for master’s degree programs for educating archivists in 1976. The first master’s program in Archival Studies offered in North America was launched in 1981 by the University of British Columbia. In the United States, the first guidelines for the development of a graduate program in Archival Studies came out in 1993. In Asia, by the late 1950s courses in archives were offered in several countries such as Vietnam, Taiwan, and the Philippines, but not as a specialized degree program. In the Philippines, archival courses are only being offered as elective courses within library and information studies programs. There is, thus, a major gap in the programs of archival education in the Philippines. Certain factors that are unique to the Philippine archival profession further increase the existing common challenges facing archivists across the world and heighten the need for a specialized master’s degree in Archival Studies. These factors include: inadequate access to records or archives that document the country’s rich cultural and historical heritage, which makes research on the richness of Philippine history and culture difficult; the natural environment of the Philippines that makes it disaster prone requires special education in the care and management of the archives; and the relative youth of the archival profession in the country and thus limited number of properly educated professional archivists. This thesis discusses these challenges and how they can be addressed through a graduate program in Archival Studies. Lastly, the thesis offers a rationale and proposal for a master’s program in Archival Studies at the School of Library and Information Studies, University of the Philippines. / May 2017

During the Philippine War, 1899 – 1902, America attempted to quell an uprising from the Filipino people. Four regular army regiments of black soldiers, the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry, and the Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Infantry served in this conflict. Alongside the regular army regiments, two volunteer regiments of black soldiers, the Forty-Eighth and Forty-Ninth, also served. During and after the war these regiments received little attention from the press, public, or even historians. These black regiments served in a variety of duties in the Philippines, primarily these regiments served on the islands of Luzon and Samar. The main role of these regiments focused on garrisoning sections of the Philippines and helping to end the insurrection. To carry out this mission, the regiments undertook a variety of duties including scouting, fighting insurgents and ladrones (bandits), creating local civil governments, and improving infrastructure. The regiments challenged racist notions in America in three ways. They undertook the same duties as white soldiers. They interacted with local "brown" Filipino populations without fraternizing, particularly with women, as whites assumed they would. And, they served effectively at the company and platoon level under black officers. Despite the important contributions of these soldiers, both socially and militarily, little research focuses on their experiences in the Philippines. This dissertation will discover and examine those experiences. To do this, each regiment is discussed individually and their experiences used to examine the role these men played in the Philippine War. Also addressed is the role ideas about race played in these experiences. This dissertation looks to answer whether or not notions on race played a major role in the activities of these regiments. This dissertation will be an important addition to the study of the Philippine War, the segregated U. S. Army, and African American history in the modern period.

西班牙人於1521年抵達菲律賓的宿霧島(Cebu)，在1565年在該島建立了他們在亞洲第一個殖民據點，由於無法與比他們早來到東方的葡萄牙人競爭，西人在第一任菲律賓總督黎牙實比(Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, 1565-1572)的率領下，於1571年將據點移往呂宋島的馬尼拉，此後全力發展與中國的貿易，再以中國貿易所得的絲綢等商品，與新西班牙進行著名的「大帆船貿易」，或者稱為太平洋貿易、太平洋絲路。西屬以前的菲律賓群島在東南亞地區中，發展較為遲緩，沒有可以支持貿易的商品，因此轉口貿易成為菲島西人的生命線，連接中國、菲律賓、美洲的中菲貿易與大帆船貿易是維持殖民地繁榮的必要條件。 William Lytle Schurz的名著The Manila Galleon一書中曾說：「馬尼拉不過是中國和墨西哥之間的中間站，此項貿易最巨額的主要商品絲綢在該地匯集，以便越過太平洋。」大部分有關中菲貿易的研究也都與此同調，認為馬尼拉是中國與美洲之間的中間站、轉口港，但身為中間站的西屬菲律賓殖民地，真的就只是「中間站」而已嗎？無疑地，對於經營大帆船貿易的西班牙商人，或者「中國─美洲」貿易而言，馬尼拉不過是一個中國貨物與美洲白銀的交換地點，或是中國絲綢越過太平洋之前的儲存地而已。但16、17世紀的馬尼拉貿易並不完全等同於大帆船貿易或者中美貿易，每年透過中菲貿易從中國出口到菲律賓的中國貨物，有相當一部分是提供菲律賓地區消費的，因此中菲貿易與馬尼拉市場，並非完全依賴大帆船貿易而存在，亦不等同於大帆船貿易的一部分。 菲律賓在地市場中的華貨消費者，有身為殖民者的西班牙人，有因為貿易前來的華人與日人，還有人數眾多的菲律賓土著。西人與日人在西屬菲律賓的人數有限，旅菲華人雖有一定規模，但華人人數的增減，並沒有影響華貨輸入的數量，故華人亦非菲島在地市場的主要華貨消費者。菲島在地市場中，外來群體的華貨消費量不大，因此菲律賓土著在華貨消費中，必然扮演相當重要的角色。土著是在地市場中人數最多的群體，分布於群島各地，早在西班牙殖民前，土著與中國已有長期的貿易往來。西屬以前的中菲貿易，即土著與中國間的貿易，規模有限，而且土著每年消費的華貨數量不多。何以在西班牙統治之後，菲島土著的華貨消費能夠迅速增加，成為在地市場中重要的消費群體？究竟菲律賓土著市場在西班牙殖民下，發生了什麼樣的變化，讓原本華貨消費量不大的土著，成為重要的購買者。菲律賓土著消費市場，在西屬初期的變化和重整，以及對華貨消費的增加是筆者在本文中希望討論的主題。同時希望藉這篇論文的寫作，闡述菲律賓在地市場的重要性和土著消費的角色，補充目前中菲貿易研究裡，較少受到重視的部分。

The Philippines has a primarily agricultural economy, with many rural residents relying on farming for their livelihoods. The Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) was established in 1992 to support smallholder farmers in the country through research and technology development related to carabaos. The PCC's national headquarters in Nueva Ecija's Science City of Muñoz maintains a herd of approximately 400 carabaos and uses a drum sieve to separate the vermicompost from the carabaos for sale and efficient manure management. Vermicomposting is a profitable form of agriculture in the country, utilizing African night crawler worms to convert biodegradable waste materials into organic fertilizer. However, many smallholder farmers who wish to start vermicomposting do not have access to a sieve machine as they are often too expensive. Neighboring farmers often form cooperatives with at least 15 members who work together towards common goals. Because these cooperatives offer services such as loans, training, and equipment access, they would be able to provide a sieve machine for their members and therefore the individual farmer would have a greater chance to be able to start vermicomposting. This study was aimed at designing a more accessible sieve machine for low-income smallholder farmers. The resulting design is a manually-driven machine operated through a pedal mechanism. The machine is smaller, easier to maintain and has no drift costs in comparison to the existing machine at PCC. It has integrated wheels and brakes, a brush for clearing clogged holes, and a collector. However, no physical prototype was made to verify its implementation. The concept is made of a mix of raw materials and purchased components, with the raw materials sourced from the Philippines and the components possibly imported. The estimated price was around PHP 58,468, which was less than the PCC machine, considered reasonable for cooperatives but may not be affordable for individual smallholder farmers. / Filippinerna huvudsakligen en jordbruksbaserad ekonomi, många invånare på landsbygden förlitar sig på jordbruk som sin huvudsakliga inkomstkälla. Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) grundades 1992 för att stödja småskaliga jordbrukare genom forskning och teknikutveckling relaterat till carabao. PCC:s nationella huvudkontor i Science City of Muñoz i Nueva Ecija har en flock på cirka 400 carabaos och använder en trumsikt för att separera maskkompost av carabaos för försäljning och effektiv gödselhantering. Maskkompostering är en lönsam form av jordbruk i landet, där afrikansk nattkrälande maskar används för att omvandla nedbrytbara avfallsmaterial till organisk gödsel. Småbrukare som önskar börja med maskkompostering saknar dock tillgång till en siktmaskin då de ofta är för dyra. Grannbrukare bildar dock ofta kooperativ med minst 15 medlemmar som arbetar tillsammans mot gemensamma mål. Eftersom dessa kooperativ erbjuder tjänster såsom lån, utbildning och tillgång till utrustning skulle de kunna tillhandahålla en siktmaskin för sina medlemmar och därmed öka chansen för den enskilda småbrukaren att kunna börja med maskkompostering. Syfte med det här arbetet var att utforma en mer tillgänglig siktmaskin för låginkomsttagande småskaliga jordbrukare. Den resulterande designen är en manuellt driven maskin som drivs med en pedalmekanism. Maskinen är utformad för att vara mindre, enklare att underhålla och har inga driftkostnader jämfört med den befintliga maskinen på PCC. Den har integrerade hjul och bromsar, en borste för att rensa igensatta hål och en samlare. Framtida arbetet är att ta fram en fysisk prototyp för att kunna verifiera konceptet. Maskinen består av en blandning av råvaror och inköpta komponenter, där råvarorna kom från Filippinerna och komponenterna möjligen var importerade. Maskinens uppskattade pris blev cirka 58 468 PHP, mindre än ursprungliga PCC-maskinen, och anses rimligt för kooperativet, men kanske inte överkomligt för enskilda småskaliga jordbrukare.