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Submitted by Kilvya Braga (kilvyabraga@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-16T14:43:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YURI ALMEIDA LACERDA - TESE (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 28353805 bytes, checksum: 0d8453f39b64823b7308c81cc7731524 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T14:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YURI ALMEIDA LACERDA - TESE (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 28353805 bytes, checksum: 0d8453f39b64823b7308c81cc7731524 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Capes / A descoberta de conhecimento a partir de grandes repositórios online de fotografias tem sido uma área de pesquisa bastante ativa nos últimos anos. Isso se deve principalmente a três fatores: incorporação de câmeras digitais e sensores de geolocalização aos dispositivos móveis; avanços na conectividade com a Internet; e evolução das redes sociais. As fotografias armazenadas nesses repositórios possuem metadados contextuais que podem ser utilizados em aplicações de descoberta de conhecimento, tais como: detecção de pontos de interesse (POIs); geração de roteiros de viagens; e organização automática de fotografias. A maioria das abordagens para detecção de POIs parte do princípio que as áreas geográficas onde uma grande quantidade de pessoas capturou fotografias indica a existência de um ponto de interesse. Porém, em muitos casos, os POIs estão localizados a uma certa distância desse local na orientação em que a câmera estava direcionada, e não no ponto exato da captura da fotografia. A maioria das técnicas propostas na literatura não consideram o uso da orientação no processo de detecção de pontos de interesses. Dessa forma, este trabalho propõe novos algoritmos e técnicas para detecção de pontos de interesse em cidades turísticas a partir de coleções de fotografias orientadas e georreferenciadas explorando de diversas formas a orientação geográfica. Esta pesquisa comprovou a importância do uso da orientação nos novos algoritmos voltados para detecção de pontos de interesses. Os experimentos, utilizando uma base de dados real de grandes cidades, demonstraram que os algoritmos considerando a orientação conseguem, em alguns cenários, superar os que não a consideram. Também foram propostas novas métricas de avaliação e uma ferramenta para auxiliar as atividades de descoberta de conhecimento baseada em grandes massas de fotografias. / The knowledge discovery from huge photo repositories has been a very active area of research in the last years. This is due to three facts: the incorporation of digital cameras and geolocation sensors in mobile devices; the advances in Internet connectivity; and the evolution of social networks. The photos stored on those repositories have contextual metadata. Those metadata could be used for many applications of knowledge discovering, such as: Point of Interest (POI) detection; generating of tourist guides; and automatic photo organization. Most approaches for POI detection assume that geographic areas with high density of photos indicate the existence of a point of interest in that area. However, in many cases, the POIs are located in a certain distance of that position in direction where camera was aiming, and not in the exact point of photo shooting. Most of related work do not consider the use of orientation in the process of POI detection. In this way, we propose a set of algorithms and techniques for POI discovery in touristic cities using geotagged and oriented photos collection exploring the geographic orientation in different ways. This research has proven the importance of the usage of orientation in the new algorithms for POI detection. In the experiments with collections related to big cities, the algorithms considering orientation, in several scenarios, have beaten those that do not consider. Also, new metrics of evaluation have been proposed and a new framework to assist all the tasks for knowledge discovery based on huge photo collections.

人智運算是近年來熱門的研究領域之ㄧ,隨著科技快速的進步手機硬體之體積不斷減少,功能不斷增加情形下,手機已經成為人類日常生活不可或缺的要素。因此我們希望利用手機來幫助我們透過遊戲的方式來達到我們的目的。 在這篇論文中我們在基於目的性遊戲(Games with a Purpose)的設計概念,在手機上開發系統並且達到收集資訊的目的。此系統讓使用者們可以樂於分享景點的資訊,其他玩家也可以共同來驗證由玩家們所上傳的景點資訊;而我們的目的則是要產生出可以信任的景點資訊提供給玩家做參觀景點的參考。 然而如何選擇目前最適當的景點資訊分派給玩家做驗證,才能使系統快速產生可信任之資訊。為了探討這個議題,我們提出了三個不同的演算法來分派任務給玩家驗證。並且作了一系列的模擬實驗來證明,我們提出的演算法確實提升系統產生可信任資訊之效能。最後我們將系統實作於智慧型手機上(Android Phone),並驗證了其結果與模擬實驗是一致的。 / Human Computation is one of the hottest research topics in recent years. At the same time, smart phones become indispensable with our daily life, due to advanced hardware technology. Therefore, to design a mobile game on smart phones to help us achieve the research purpose is our goal of this work. In this thesis, we adopt the approach of “Game with a Purpose “(GWAP) to collect the data that the system needs as users play a ”game”. The data here is Point-of-Interest (POI) information. Users share their POI information on the mobile system, and other players can verify it in order to come out with reliable POI information for further use. The research issue will be how to produce reliable information as quickly as possible, and also make sure the output is as correct as possible. The problem is how to assign appropriate information for a player to verify so as to improve the system performance. We proposed three different algorithms and went through a series of simulation experiments. The results showed that the Modify Lowest Disagree First and Highest Confidence Assignment (MLDF-HCA) algorithm performs best. We also implemented an Android App based on the algorithms. The real experiments did validate the simulation results.

Depuis quelques dizaines d’années, l’utilisation de téléphones contenant un capteur GPS a fortement augmenté. Cependant, tous ces usages ne sont pas sans menace pour la vie privée des utilisateurs. En effet, les données de mobilité qu’ils envoient à ces services peuvent être utilisées pour inférer des informations sensibles telles que leur domicile ou leur lieu de travail. C’est à ce moment qu’entrent en action les mécanismes de protection, visant à redonner aux utilisateurs le contrôle sur leur vie privée. Nous commençons par répertorier les mécanismes de protection existants et les métriques utilisées pour les évaluer. Cette première analyse met en avant une information particulièrement sensible : les points d’intérêt. Ces derniers représentent tous les lieux où les utilisateurs passent la majeure partie de leur temps. Cela nous conduit à proposer un nouveau mécanisme de protection, PROMESSE, dont le but principal est de cacher ces points d’intérêt. Les mécanismes de protection sont en général configurés par des paramètres, qui ont un grand impact sur leur efficacité. Nous proposons ALP, une solution destinée à aider les utilisateurs à configurer leurs mécanismes de protection à partir d’objectifs qu’ils ont spécifié. Enfin, nous présentons Accio, un logiciel regroupant la majeure partie du travail de cette thèse. Il permet de lancer facilement des expériences destinées à étudier des mécanismes de protection, tout en renforçant leur reproductibilité. / In the past decades, the usage of GPS-enabled smartphones has dramatically risen. However, all these usages do not come without privacy threats. Indeed, location data that users are sending to these services can be used to infer sensitive knowledge about them, such as where they live or where they work. This is were protection mechanisms come into play, whose goal is to put users back in control of their privacy. We start by surveying existing protection mechanisms and metrics used to evaluate them. This first analysis highlights a particularly sensitive information, namely the points of interest. These are all the places where users use to spend most of their time. This leads us towards building a new protection mechanism, PROMESSE, whose main goal is to hide these points of interest. Protection mechanisms tend to be configured by parameters, which highly impact their effectiveness in terms of privacy and utility. We propose ALP, a solution to help users to configure their protection mechanisms from a set of objectives they specified. Finally, we introduce Accio, which is a software encompassing most of our work. Its goal is to allow to easily launch location privacy experiments and enforce their reproducibility.

In this dissertation a collaboration project in Swedish youth care is analysed. The aim of the project was to enhance coordination between the Social Services and the Swedish National Board of Institutional Care in order to make the efforts more efficient. The project also employed a number of coordinators. The overall purpose of this dissertation is to analyse conflicts, alliances and comparisons identifiable in interviews and observations. The analytic findings are put into an overall “collaboration context” represented by earlier research on the social phenomenon of “collaboration”. In this way the dissertation tries to contribute to a sociological understanding of a contemporary widespread phenomenon. The empirical materials of the study consist of recorded conversational interviews with 147 project participants (youngsters, parents and various professional categories) as well as observations of meetings, informal get-togethers and visits to institutions, Social Services offices, the head office of the National Board of Institutional Care and coordinators. The material was analysed using the analytic perspectives of Georg Simmel (1950/1964), Theodore Caplow (1968) and Erving Goffman (1959/2004). The analysis shows that the project manifested and led to struggles between organizations involving representatives from the Social Services, the National Board of Institutional Care and the project, as well as to several interpersonal conflicts between representatives from various categories of involved professionals, and the youngsters and their parents. The study also shows that the client, in such human service organizations, faces a significant risk of being marginalized. Professionals who appreciated the collaboration often drew their conclusions based on their interaction with other professionals, but the collaboration did not guarantee a successful treatment of the client. Conflicts concerning the roles of the coordinators and their written documents (“the agreements”) emerged and were actualized through the creation of the project. The coordinators and their “agreements” can be seen as the project’s most visible representatives and symbols, which during the project become both themes for conflict and actualize already established conflict patterns. The youngsters and their parents appreciated the projects’ coordinators who appeared as personally involved and able to make concrete changes. However, many of youngsters and their parents criticized the coordinators and even portrayed a victim identity in relation to the project. The coordinator’s relationship with the youngsters and their parents was mostly characterized by passivity. This is clearly apparent in the analysis of the administrative and/or passive coordinator. Different alliance constellations became visible in these presentations. When the coordinator roles were altered in the description, the alliance constellations change. It is a common strategy for clients in human service organizations to try to enter into alliances with professionals involved in their cases and, in so doing, try to alter the situation to their own advantage. The fact that these alliances are often sought by the client indicates, among other things, the client’s will to fight against the situation in which he/she finds him/herself. I believe that this can be seen as something productive rather than problematic. / I denna avhandling analyseras ett samverkansprojekt i den så kallade ungdomsvården i Sverige. Projektet hade som mål att förbättra samordningen mellan socialtjänsten och Statens institutionsstyrelse för att kunna effektivisera insatserna för samhällsomhändertagna ungdomar och deras familjer. I projektet var också ett antal samordnare anställda. Det övergripande syftet i avhandlingen är att analysera beskrivna och observerade konflikter, allianser och förklarande jämförelser som kan identifieras i intervjuer och observationer. Analytiska upptäckter sätts avslutningsvis i en mer övergripande ”samverkanskontext” som representeras av tidigare forskning om samhällsfenomenet ”samverkan”. På så vis försöker avhandlingen bidra till en sociologisk förståelse av ett samtida välspritt fenomen.Studiens empiriska material är inspelade samtalsintervjuer med 147 projektdeltagare (institutionsplacerade ungdomar, deras föräldrar och olika yrkeskategorier inom socialtjänsten, Statens institutionsstyrelse och projektet) samt observationer av organiserade möten, informella träffar före och efter intervjuer eller möten, samt vid besök på institutioner, socialtjänstkontor, Statens institutionsstyrelses huvudkontor och samordnarnas kontor. Materialet analyserades vidare med analytiska utgångspunkter från Georg Simmel (1950/1964), Theodore Caplow (1968) och Erving Goffman (1959/2004).Analysen visar att projektet manifesterade och medförde mellanorganisatoriska kamper mellan socialtjänsten, Statens institutionsstyrelse och projektet samt en rad interpersonella konflikter mellan representanter för olika professionella yrkeskategorier, ungdomar och föräldrar. Studien visar också att klienten i människovårdande organisationer löper en betydande risk att hamna utanför nya samarbeten. De myndighetspersoner som upplever ett bra samarbete drar ofta sina slutsatser utifrån interaktionen med andra professionella men det upplevda samarbetet behöver inte bli någon garanti för framgångsrik behandling av klienten. Konflikter om samordnarnas sätt att agera (samordnarroller) och samordnarnas skriftliga dokument, ”överenskommelsen”, har aktualiserats med projektets tillkomst. Samordnarna och deras ”överenskommelse” kan ses som projektets synligaste representanter och symboler, som under projektets gång blir både ämnen för konflikter och aktualiserar redan etablerade konfliktmönster. Ungdomarna och föräldrarna förkastar emellanåt myndighetspersonernas ageranden som moraliskt felaktiga, gestaltar sin offeridentitet samt försöker vända situationen till att bli fördelaktig för dem själva. Samordnarnas relation till ungdomar och föräldrar präglas mestadels av passivitet. Detta framträder tydligt i analysen av en administrativ och/eller passiv samordnarroll. I dessa framställningar är även olika allianskonstellationer synliga. När samordnarroller förändras i beskrivningen, förändras även allianskonstellationer.Att klienten i människovårdande organisationer söker ingå allianser med myndighetspersoner är en vanlig strategi för att försöka vända situationen till sin fördel. Att dessa allianser söks ofta av klienten indikerar bland annat klientens vilja till fortsatt kamp – mot den situationen i vilken klienten befinner sig. Jag menar att detta kan ses som något produktivt snarare än problematiskt.

The proposed VUT Art Campus is situated around the area of the streets Úvoz, Údolní, Tvrdého, Všetičkova and Jiříkovského. It lies in between two of the Brno’s most attractive recreational spots, Špilberk and Kraví hora. The project offers a creative solution of connecting two VUT’s faculties, the Faculty of Architecture and the Faculty of Fine Arts. An important part of the proposal is the gallery of the students’ works which also serves as a connecting element between the faculties. One of the main objectives is the creation of the Green Line originating at Špilberk and finishing at Kraví hora. As such, the campus works as a cultural point of interest on the way around the city. The whole concept aims to highlight the uniqueness of the faculties while stretching the importance of their interconnection and the need of a co-operation.

Efterfrågan på bostadsrätter i Stockholm har under de senaste åren varit hög och priserna svänger ständigt. Idag är många överens om att ‘läget’ är en av de viktigaste parametrarna i värderingen av en bostadsrätt men vad ‘läget’ egentligen innebär är inte lika självklart. Denna studie har syftet att undersöka potentiella samband mellan ett läges attraktivitet och antal Points of Interest i en bostadsrätts närområde. Studien avser att besvara vilka parametrar som har stärst inverkan på ett bostadsområdes attraktionskraft. Points of Interest utgörs av bland annat postnummer, antal restauranger och antal hotell inom en kilometers radie från respektive bostadsrätt. Studiens utförande baseras på antagandet att försäljningspriser kan representera betalningsviljan och därigenom attraktionskraften. Utförandet baseras på maskininlärning, där modellen Random Forest Regression implementeras för att utföra en kvantitativ dataanalys på sålda bostadsrätter i Stockholm. Modellen kan estimera försäljningspris med en noggrannhet på 85,1% och resultatet redovisar Points of Interest påverkan på det estimerade försäljningspris, i förhållande till varandra. Den parameter som har störst inverkan på försäljningspriset var postnumret. Postnumret följs av kommunikationer och uteliv. Detta utfall diskuteras bero på att postnumret indirekt representerar icke-kvantitativa parametrar som allmän uppfattning om området. Kommunikationer och uteliv skapar ett ’levande’ område. Utifrån studiens resultat drogs slutsatsen att den största påverkande faktorn för ett läges attraktionskraft är den allmänna uppfattningen om närområdet, snarare än tillgänglighet till Points of Interest. / The demand on co-operative apartments in Stockholm have during the latest years been high and the prices are continuously fluctuating. Today, many agree on that the ‘location’ is one of the most important aspects in valuation of co-operative apartments but what ‘location’ actually means is not as obvious. This thesis has the purpose of exploring potential connections between a location’s attractiveness and the amount of Points of Interest in a co-operative apartment’s close proximity. The study seeks to explain which features that affects a community’s attractiveness the most. Points of Interest includes, among others, postal code, number of restaurants and number of hotels within a radius of one kilometer from each individual cooperative apartment. The study’s performance is based on the presumption that sales prices can represent willingness to pay and thereby represent attractiveness. The performance is based on machine learning, where the model Random Forest Regression is implemented to perform a quantitative data analysis on sold co-operative apartments in Stockholm. The model can estimate sales prices with an accuracy of 85.1% and the result presents the Points of Interests’ effect on the estimated sales prices, in relation to each other. The feature which was shown to have the highest effect on the estimated sales price was the postal code. It is discussed that this outcome is due to the postal code indirectly represent non-quantitative features such as the general perception of the area. The second and third most important features is showed to be public transport and nightlife. From the study it was concluded that the most important feature for the attractiveness of a location is the general perception of that area rather than the accessibility to Points of Interest.