Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-15T13:16:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 concreto_polimero.pdf: 4719718 bytes, checksum: 2d7016e7eb764275fea0249db0eb55eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T13:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 concreto_polimero.pdf: 4719718 bytes, checksum: 2d7016e7eb764275fea0249db0eb55eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A reciclagem e a reincorporação de um rejeito em um processo produtivo são as soluções mais indicadas para o manejo da grande maioria dos resíduos, reduzindo assim custos, além de preservar recursos naturais não renováveis. A construção civil tem absorvido parte destes resíduos, transformando-os em subprodutos importantes, os quais podem ser igualmente eficientes, além de ecologicamente corretos. Dentre as aplicações mais comuns, destacam-se a incorporação de rejeitos em matrizes cimentícias e poliméricas. O concreto polímero, o qual tem como aglomerante uma resina polimérica, tornou-se uma boa opção para construção civil em aplicações onde são solicitados alto desempenho mecânico, durabilidade e cura rápida, propriedades importantes para materiais que visam a sustentabilidade das edificações. Apesar dos já comprovados elevados valores mecânicos encontrados nestes compósitos, torna-se necessário estimar e adequar as propriedades de combustibilidade com os tipos de demandas do mercado, pois tal propriedade pode comprometer sua aplicação. Para tanto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo produzir compósitos de concreto polímero de elevada resistência mecânica, durabilidade e resistentes à ação do fogo. Os compósitos serão produzidos com uma resina poliéster insaturada reciclada a partir do PET, com incorporação de resíduos industriais, comparando-os com componentes comerciais. Para tanto, as propriedades dos compósitos serão estudadas através de ensaios de caracterização mecânica, durabilidade e microestrutura, compreendendo: resistência à compressão, resistência à tração na flexão, porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio e MEV. Além disso, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios de análise térmica, com a finalidade de avaliar o comportamento das adições frente à ação do fogo e sua contribuição para a redução da flamabilidade destes compósitos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, as composições com 60% de adição de retardante de chamas resíduo apresentaram uma redução de 85% em relação ao tempo de propagação da chama dos compósitos sem adição de retardantes, bem como um acréscimo na sua resistência mecânica em comparação aos mesmos. / Recycling and the reincorporation of a waste in a production process are the most indicated for the management of the vast majority of waste, thus reducing costs, and, of course, preserving non-renewable natural resources. The civil construction has absorbed these wastes, turning them into important products, which can also be efficient, and environmentally correct. Among the most common applications, it can emphasize the incorporation of tailings in cementations and polymer matrices. The polymer concrete, which binder is a polymeric resin, has become a good option for construction where are required applications with high mechanical performance, durability and rapid healing, important properties for materials aimed at the sustainability of buildings. Despite the already proven high mechanical values found in these composites, it is necessary to estimate and adjust the properties of combustibility to the kinds of demands of the market, once this property may jeopardize your application. Thus, this research aims to produce polymer concrete composites of high mechanical strength, durability and resistance to the action of fire. The composites were produced with an unsaturated polyester resin from recycled PET, with the addition of industrial waste in comparison to commercial items, making them more attractive economically, and environmentally sustainable. Thus, the properties of the composites were studied by mechanical tests durability, including: compressive strength test, tensile strength, mercury intrusion porosimetry and SEM. Moreover, the samples were tested for thermal analysis in order to know the behavior of the action items with the fire and its contribution to reducing the flammability of these composites. The results obtained in the tests described above showed that, the composites with 60% in addition of waste had a reduction of 85% in the time of spread of flame, and an increase in its mechanical resistance in comparison to composite reference, with no addition of retardants.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nancielli Teixeira - Influencia de diferentes_ resinas e tecn.pdf: 1668593 bytes, checksum: 73d67bc8169b66441386241284104ea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different composite resins and technical polishing and finishing over periodontals tissues and gingival crevicular fluid in cervical lesions restorations noncarious (LCNC). Initially were evaluated 272 teeths of patients with complaints related to LCNC and, acordding to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected 60 teeths for elegibility. Each tooth received a restoration with a kind of composite resin (Resin Tetric N-Ceram® or Resin Z350 XT®) in both quadrants, varying the polishing technique ( Astropol® Polishing rubber or Sof-lex® Disks). Periodontal tissues analysis, the longitudinal evaluation of restaurations and the gengival crevicular fluid collect were taken prior to scalling and root planning and also at 30, 60, 120 and 180 days of restaurations making. After the data collection and tabulation , these were submited to the Friedman test, with a significance level of 5%. The results revealed that resins and polishing techniques applied in this study showed no estatistical differences at the end of follow-up in any of the analyzes. However all groups evaluated showed differences between the initial and final times (p <0.05). From the results obtained it was concluded that regardless of the restorative material or polishing technique, the restoration of LCNC cavities improved the periodontal health of patients / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes resinas compostas e técnicas de acabamento e polimento sobre os tecidos periodontais e o fluído crevicular gengival em restaurações de lesões cervicais não cariosas. Foram avaliados inicialmente 272 dentes de pacientes com queixas relacionadas à LCNC e, a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos, foram selecionados para elegibilidade 60 dentes, divididos em 4 grupos com N:15 dentes. Cada dente recebeu restauração com um tipo de resina composta nanoparticulada (Resina Tetric N-Ceram® ou Resina Z350 XT®) nos dois hemiarcos, variando a técnica de polimento (Borrachas de polimento Astropol® ou Discos Sof-lex®). A análise periodontal dos tecidos, a avaliação longitudinal das restaurações e a coleta do fluido crevicular gengival foram realizadas antes da raspagem e alisamento corono-radicular, e também aos 30, 60, 120 e 180 dias após a confecção das restaurações. Após a obtenção e tabulação dos dados, esses foram submetidos ao teste de Friedman, com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados revelaram que as resinas e as técnicas de polimento utilizadas neste estudo não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas ao final do período de acompanhamento em nenhuma das análises. Porém, todos os grupos avaliados apresentaram diferenças entre os tempos iniciais e finais (p<0,05). A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que, independente do material restaurador ou da técnica de polimentos utilizada, a restauração das cavidades de LCNC proporcionou melhora da saúde periodontal dos pacientes

No description available.

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been used for a long time in the manufacturing of prime silicon wafers for the IC industry. Lately, other substrates, such as silicon-on-insulator has become in use which requires a greater control of the silicon CMP process. CMP is used to planarize oxide interlevel dielectric and to remove excessive tungsten after plug filling in the Al interconnection technology. In Cu interconnection technology, the plugs and wiring are filled in one step and excessive Cu is removed by CMP. In front end processing, CMP is used to realize shallow trench isolation (STI), to planarize trench capacitors in dynamic random access memories (DRAM) and in novel gate concepts. This thesis is focused on CMP for front end processing, which is the processing on the device level and the starting material. The effects of dopants, crystal orientation and process parameters on silicon removal rate are investigated. CMP and silicon wafer bonding is investigated. Also, plasma assisted wafer bonding to form InP MOS structures is investigated. A complexity of using STI in bipolar and BiCMOS processes is the integration of STI with deep trench isolation (DTI). A process module to realize STI/DTI, which introduces a poly CMP step to planarize the deep trench filling, is presented. Another investigated front end application is to remove the overgrowth in selectively epitaxially grown collector for a SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor. CMP is also investigated for rounding, which could be beneficial for stress reduction or to create microoptical devices, using a pad softer than pads used for planarization. An issue in CMP for planarization is glazing of the pad, which results in a decrease in removal rate. To retain a stable removal rate, the pad needs to be conditioned. This thesis introduces a geometrically defined abrasive surface for pad conditioning.

No description available.

<p>The aim of this thesis is to investigate how material surfaces are affected by various surface treatments and how this relates to the adhesion of the coating. The materials that were studied were WC-Co and Cermets and the surface treatments used were polishing, grinding with coarser and finer abrasive grains, and finally wet blasting and dry blasting. Focus was on deformations and residual stresses in the surface, surface roughness and cracks. The test methods used for examining the samples included surface roughness measurements, residual stress measurements, adhesion tests using Rockwell indentation and SEM images of the surface and the cross section.<br /><br />The results concluded that polishing gives very good adhesion. Additionally, the adhesion for ground surfaces was good for WC-Co but very poor for Cermets. Furthermore, it was observed that finer abrasive grains did not result in better adhesion. In fact, the coarser grains gave slightly better results. Finally, it was concluded that wet blasting has a clear advantage over dry blasting and results in much better adhesion, especially for the Cermets. The results for the WC-Co were a bit inconsistent and so further research is required.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how material surfaces are affected by various surface treatments and how this relates to the adhesion of the coating. The materials that were studied were WC-Co and Cermets and the surface treatments used were polishing, grinding with coarser and finer abrasive grains, and finally wet blasting and dry blasting. Focus was on deformations and residual stresses in the surface, surface roughness and cracks. The test methods used for examining the samples included surface roughness measurements, residual stress measurements, adhesion tests using Rockwell indentation and SEM images of the surface and the cross section.<br /><br />The results concluded that polishing gives very good adhesion. Additionally, the adhesion for ground surfaces was good for WC-Co but very poor for Cermets. Furthermore, it was observed that finer abrasive grains did not result in better adhesion. In fact, the coarser grains gave slightly better results. Finally, it was concluded that wet blasting has a clear advantage over dry blasting and results in much better adhesion, especially for the Cermets. The results for the WC-Co were a bit inconsistent and so further research is required.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaBB_TESE.pdf: 4587358 bytes, checksum: 18448133e8a21ea31ef4acb7416d4445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The coatings mortars are essential elements of building structures because they execute an important role in protecting walls and are particularly exposed to aggressive action responsible for its degradation over time. The importance of wall coverings has been the subject of discussion and analysis in the conservation and rehabilitation of old buildings. Are sometimes removed and replaced with inappropriate solutions of constructive point of view or architecture. The most commonly used coatings on walls of old buildings is based on traditional hydraulic lime mortars. The present study aims at the formulation of new lime- based mortars and aerial fine aggregate, in order to contribute to a better field of conservation and restoration mortar coating of old buildings. Residue was used for polishing porcelain as fine aggregate, replacing the aggregate (sand), in percentages 05-30% by mass. We conducted a thorough evaluation of the mortar properties in fresh and hardened state by comparing the performance of the same with a reference mortar. The residue used was characterized as the density, bulk density, and particle size laser, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Formulations were produced 7, 6 with residue and one commonly used formulation, which served as a reference. In the formulations of lime mortars air (hydrated lime powder CH-I) has been adopted a stroke volume (1:3) with constant binder, was varied and the water / binder and aggregate and waste. For evaluation of mortars fresh, proceeded to consistency analysis, specific gravity, water retention and air content embedded. In the hardened state assays were performed in specific gravity, water retention, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength in bending, compressive strength, water absorption by capillary action, adhesion, tensile strength, resistance to shrinkage and salts by of crystallization trials with resources chloride solution, nitrate and sulfate all sodium in prismatic at 90 days of age, in addition to the micro structural analysis of mortars. Based on the results we can see that the mortar formulated with 10% content of waste and the reference free retraction feature more stable closer to neutrality. The composition of 10% was obtained better performance against the action of the salt crystallization. The mortar with 15% residue obtained better density, lower air content embedded and high capacity for water retention developing good workability. The replacement of 20% of waste generates a satisfactory utilization of resistance to compression, flexion and traction grip the base. And, finally, it can be seen that the mortar with 10, 15 and 20% residual show, in principle, good suitability as coatings, thus enabling a final result consistent with durability, workability and aesthetics developing therefore a material with better performance to repair or replace existing mortars in old buildings / Os revestimentos argamassados s?o elementos fundamentais em alvenaria estruturada, pois desempenham um papel importante na prote??o de alvenarias e encontram-se particularmente expostos a a??es agressivas respons?veis pela sua degrada??o ao longo do tempo. A import?ncia dos revestimentos de parede vem sendo alvo de discuss?o e an?lise no ?mbito da conserva??o e reabilita??o de pr?dios antigos. Por vezes, s?o removidos e substitu?dos por solu??es inadequadas, do ponto de vista construtivo ou arquitet?nico. Os revestimentos mais utilizados em paredes de edif?cios antigos baseiam-se em argamassas tradicionais de cal a?rea (cal hidratada em p? CH-I). O presente estudo tem como objetivo a formula??o de novas argamassas ? base de cal a?rea e agregado fino, com vistas a contribuir para o melhor dom?nio da conserva??o e restauro de argamassa de revestimento de edif?cios antigos. Foi utilizado res?duo do polimento de porcelanato como agregado fino, em substitui??o ao agregado mi?do (areia), em porcentagens de 05 a 30% em massa. Foi feita uma completa avalia??o das propriedades das argamassas no estado fresco e no estado endurecido comparando o desempenho das mesmas com uma argamassa de refer?ncia. O res?duo utilizado foi caracterizado quanto ? massa espec?fica, massa unit?ria, granulometria a laser, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, difratometria de raios-X e fluoresc?ncia de raios-X. Foram produzidas 7 formula??es, sendo 6 com res?duo e 1 formula??o comumente usada, que serviu de refer?ncia. Nas formula??es das argamassas de cal a?rea adotou-se um tra?o volum?trico (1:3), com o ligante constante, e se fez variar a rela??o ?gua/aglomerante, bem como agregado mi?do e res?duo. Para avalia??o das argamassas no estado fresco, procedeu-se a an?lise da consist?ncia, densidade de massa aparente, reten??o de ?gua e teor de ar incorporado. J? no estado endurecido foram realizados os ensaios de densidade de massa aparente, reten??o de ?gua, m?dulo de elasticidade, resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o, resist?ncia ? compress?o, absor??o de ?gua por capilaridade, ader?ncia ? tra??o, retra??o e resist?ncia a sais, por meio de ensaios de cristaliza??o com recursos de solu??o de cloreto, nitrato e sulfato todos de s?dio, em corpos de prova prism?ticos aos 90 dias de idade, al?m das an?lises micro estruturais das argamassas. Com base nos resultados ? poss?vel verificar que a argamassa com teor de 10% de res?duo e a de refer?ncia apresentam retra??o livre mais est?vel, mais pr?xima da neutralidade. A composi??o de 10% apresenta melhor comportamento face ? a??o da cristaliza??o de sais. A argamassa formulada com 15% de res?duo obteve melhor densidade aparente no estado fresco, menor teor de ar incorporado e elevada capacidade de reten??o de ?gua desenvolvendo boa trabalhabilidade. A substitui??o de 20% de res?duo gera um aproveitamento satisfat?rio quanto ? resist?ncia ? compress?o, tra??o na flex?o e maior ader?ncia ? base. Portanto, podemos verificar que as argamassas com 10, 15 e 20% de res?duo evidenciam, a princ?pio, boa adequa??o como revestimento, possibilitando assim um resultado final compat?vel com a durabilidade, trabalhabilidade e ader?ncia desenvolvendo um material com melhor desempenho para reparar ou substituir argamassas existentes em edif?cios antigos

Cette thèse porte sur l’amélioration de la résistance au flux laser de la surface descomposants optiques en silice en régime nanoseconde. Ce matériau est utilisé sur lesinstallations de laser de puissance telles que le Laser Mégajoule. Pour augmenter la durée de viedes composants optiques et garantir le fonctionnement nominal de cette installation,l’endommagement laser doit être maîtrisé. Il s’agit d’une dégradation irréversible de la surfacedes composants causée par l’interaction entre le faisceau laser et des défauts précurseurs. Cesderniers sont une conséquence de la synthèse de la silice puis du polissage des composants etleur présence peut être limitée par une action de traitement chimique réalisée à l’issue dupolissage qui consiste à éroder la surface de silice à l’aide d’une solution chimique. Cette érosionne doit cependant pas dégrader la qualité de la surface polie et ses propriétés optiques. Cettethèse se concentre sur la réalisation de cette étape de traitement chimique et se décompose entrois études. La première porte sur la caractérisation de la pollution induite en surface par lepolissage et sa suppression par le traitement chimique. La seconde et la troisième analysentl’impact des traitements chimiques respectivement sur les propriétés optiques de la surface etsur les rayures de polissage. Ces études nous permettent d’évaluer l’influence des différentsparamètres du traitement chimique, tels que la solution, le système de mise en oeuvre etl’épaisseur érodée, sur les performances apportées aux composants optiques. Finalement,l’ensemble de ces connaissances nous conduit à proposer un traitement chimique optimisé quiaméliore la tenue au flux des composants optiques sans dégrader leurs propriétés optiques. / In this thesis, laser-induced damage resistance improvement of fused silica opticsis investigated in the nanosecond regime. This material is used on high power laser facilitiessuch as the Laser Mégajoule. In order to improve the optics life time and to ensure the nominaloperation of this facility, laser induced damage has to be controlled. This phenomenon is anirreversible modification of the components surface because of the interaction between the laserbeam and precursors defects. These defects are a consequence of the synthesis of silica and thepolishing of the optics and their presence can be reduced by a wet etching. This process consistsin an erosion of the surface using a chemical solution however optical properties must remainunchanged. In this thesis, we focus on the wet etching process and we conduct three studies. Thefirst one is about the characterization of the polishing induced contamination and the capabilityof a wet etching to remove it from the surface. The second and the third analyzes are about theimpact of the wet etching respectively on the surface and on the scratches. These studies allowus to evaluate the influence of the wet etching parameters as the chemical solution, the systemused and the deep etched. Finally, the highlights obtained thanks to these studies enable tooptimize the wet etching process and improve the laser induced damage resistance ofcomponents without compromising their optical properties.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moia_dfg_me_bauru.pdf: 2028523 bytes, checksum: a4957573090c9f2211022b6a4fceb9b6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O processo de retificação confere à peça o acabamento final, minimizando as irregularidades superficiais através de interações entre os grãos abrasivos de uma ferramenta (rebolo) e peça retificada. O desgaste do rebolo devido ao atrito entre o rebolo e a peça retificada torna a ferramenta inadequada para nova utilização, sendo necessária a realização do processo de dressagem do rebolo para remoção e ou avivamento dos grãos gastos de sua superfície de corte, de forma e deixá-lo em condições para novo uso. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo classificar a condição do rebolo durante a operação de dressagem utilizando o sinal de emissão acústica (EA) e estatísticas derivadas desse sinal, por meio de redes neurais artificiais. Nos experimentos realizados usou-se um rebolo de óxido de alumínio instalado em uma retificadora plana, um sistema de aquisição de sinais e um dressador de ponta única de diamante. O processamento digital de sinais foi obtido através do software MATLAB. Os ensaios foram realizados com diferentes graus de recobrimento e profundidade de dressagem. A partir dos dados obtidos de EA puro, calculou-se o valor médio quadrático (RMS), bem como mais duas estatísticas, as quais já foram empregadas com sucesso em trabalhos de detecção de queima, no processo de retificação. Essas estatísticas também se mostraram bons indicadores para o monitoramento da operação de dressagem. Uma rede neural perceptron multicamadas (MLP) foi utilizada com o algoritmo de aprendizado Levenberg-Marquardt, cujas entradas foram as duas estatísticas mencionadas e o valor RMS de EA. Os resultados mostram que o método empregado foi capaz de classificar as condições do rebolo no processo de dressagem, identificando o rebolo como afiado (com capacidade de corte) e rebolo se afiação (com perda de capacidade de corte), viabilizando a redução do tempo e custo dessa operação e minimizando a remoção excessiva / The grinding process gives the piece a final finish by minimizing surface irregularities through interactions between the abrasive grains of a tool (wheel) and the part to be ground. The wear of the grinding wheel due to excessive friction between the grinding wheel and ground workpiece makes the tool unsuitable for further use; it is imperative the accomplishment of the process of dressing the grinding wheel to remove or resharpen the worn grains of its surface in order to make if suitable for use again. The present study aims to classify the condition of the grinding wheel during operation using acoustic emission (AE) signal and statistics derived from this sinal through artificial neural networks. In the experiments an aluminum oxide grinding wheel installed to a surface grinding machine was used along with a data acquisition system and a single point diamond dresser. The digital processing of these data was obtained using the MATLAB software. Tests were performed with different overlap ratio and depth of cut. The root mean square value of the AE signal as well as two other statistics were obtained from the raw acoustic emission signal, which have been successfully used in grinding burn detection. These statistics were also good indicators for monitoring the dressing operation. A multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) was used with the learning algorithm Levenberg-Marquardt, whose inputs were the statistics previously mentioned and dressing conditions. The results show that the method used was able to classify the conditions of the grinding wheel in the process of dressing, identifying the wheel as sharp (cutting capacity) and dull (with loss of cutting capacity), enabling the reduction of time and cost of operation and minimizing the excessive removal of the wheel abrasive material