This thesis is a critical examination of the poetry of S. M. Bums-Ncamashe. In his poetry Bums-Ncamashe handles poems of different categories; namely praise poetry, elegiac poetry, didactic poetry and protest poetry. He also employs a number of devices that determine amongst others, the form and imagery of his poetry. They are also used to add clarity to the meaning of his poetry. All this is discussed in the chapters numerated below: Chapter one outlines the basic guidelines to be followed in this study. It presents the aim of the study, scope of the work and method of research. A definition of the concept poetry is also provided in this chapter. The biography of Bums-Ncamashe and the influence of his background on his poetry are also part of this first chapter. Chapter two discusses the characteristics of Bums-N camashe' s praise poetry and the functions this poetry fulfils. Chapter three is a discussion ofBums-Ncamashe's elegiac, didactic and protest poetry. Chapter four discusses the devices that determine the form ofBums-Ncamashe's poetry. These include repetition, contrast, compounding, ideophones, and interjectives. Chapter five concentrates on imagery and other aspects of Bums-Ncamashe's poetry. Imagery is discussed from the viewpoint of simile, metaphor, personification and symbolism. Also included in this chapter is euphemism, hyperbole, idiomatic expressions, humour, satire and adaptation. Chapter six is a concluding chapter in which some findings and recommendations from the entire study are reflected upon. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Grupo de Louvor e Adoração como dispositivo e espaço educacional teológicomusical em comunidades da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB). A pesquisa inicia traçando um perfil histórico da introdução do modelo dos Grupos de Louvor e Adoração na IECLB. Para tanto, é delineado o contexto geral (musical, teológico, político e social) no Brasil entre os anos 1960-1980. É analisado o legado do reformador Martinho Lutero referente à música, e a formação da IECLB (Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil), e um relato histórico do surgimento do Movimento Encontrão, berço destes grupos em contexto luterano. Em seguida, apresenta a análise do encontro-ensaio do Grupo de Louvor e Adoração à luz dos escritos de Martinho Lutero, Paulo Freire e Lev S. Vygotsky, tendo em vista aquelas dinâmicas que englobam formação teológico-musical para os integrantes do grupo, e que possam vir a se refletir na vida comunitária ou sejam reflexos da mesma. Por fim, se propõe considerações para a dinâmica de um Grupo de Louvor e Adoração que possam se refletir na compreensão, no uso e na definição de papéis (por parte do grupo e da comunidade de adoração) da música no culto e na vida comunitária. Para tanto, descreve os principais tópicos da compreensão teológica presentes num Grupo de Louvor e Adoração e apresenta subsídios e considerações para uma intencionalidade teológica e formativa, referente ao uso e ao papel da música no contexto comunitário evangélico-luterano. / The Grupo de Louvor e Adoração (Praise and Adoration Group) as a musicaltheological educational space and instrument in congregations of the Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) (Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil). The research begins by outlining an historical profile of the introduction of the model of Praise and Adoration Groups within the IECLB. To do this, the general context (musical, theological, political and social) in Brazil between the years of 1960 and 1980 is delineated. The legacy of the reformer Martin Luther, as relates to music and to the formation of the IECLB is analyzed and an historical description is given of the emergence of the Encontrão Movement, which is the birthing place of these groups within the Lutheran context. Following this, an analysis is presented of the gathering-practice session of the Praise and Adoration Group in the light of Martin Luther's, Paulo Freire's and Lev S. Vygotsky's writings, looking at those dynamics which encompass theological-musical education for the members of the group and which could be reflected within the congregational life or be reflexes of this life. Finally, considerations are proposed for the dynamic of a Praise and Adoration Group which could reflect into the comprehension, use and role definition (on the part of the group and of the worshiping congregation) of music in the worship service and in congregational life. For this, the main topics of the theological comprehension present within a Praise and Adoration Group are described and resources and considerations are presented for an educational and theological intentionality with regard to the use and role of music within an Evangelical-Lutheran congregational context.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Uma proposta de formação teológico-musical das juventudes, a partir do contexto de um grupo de louvor. Averigua de que forma se dá esta formação e como pode ser trabalhada com intencionalidade. No primeiro capítulo, são contextualizadas as três grandezas constituintes da pesquisa: as juventudes, a música sacra contemporânea e a educação cristã em contexto evangélico-luterano. No segundo capítulo, aborda os diferentes paradigmas que sustentaram a música sacra em contexto evangélicoluterano, as correntes da música sacra atual e, a partir do contexto contemporâneo, o fenômeno gospel. O terceiro capítulo trabalha com as narrativas de vida de seis jovens, que participam de um grupo de louvor e adoração. A partir dessas narrativas, emergem quatro categorias para a análise: formação de vínculos, protagonismo e tutela, compreensão de papéis e funções e a aprendizagem no e a partir do grupo. O quarto capítulo esboça um diálogo entre a prática no grupo de louvor, o Plano de Educação Cristã Contínua da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil e a teoria sócio-interacionista proposta por Vygotsky. O quinto capítulo faz uma proposta de formação teológico-musical que pode servir de subsídio para o trabalho com jovens em contexto comunitário, a partir de reflexões e de práticas / A proposal for theological-musical training for youth groups based on the context of a praise group. It verifies in what way this training takes place and how it can be worked with intentionality. In the first chapter, the three constituting groupings of the research paper are contextualized: the youth groups, contemporary sacred music and Christian education in an Evangelical-Lutheran context. In the second chapter, the different paradigms which sustained sacred music in the Evangelical Lutheran context, the currents of modern sacred music and, based on the contemporary context, the Gospel phenomenon are dealt with. The third chapter works with the life narratives of six youth who participate in a praise and adoration group. Based on these narratives, four categories arise for analysis: formation of ties, protagonism and tutelage, comprehension of roles and functions and the learning in and based on the group. The fourth chapter outlines a dialogue between the practice in the praise group, the Plan for Continuing Christian Education of the Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil and the social-interactionist theory proposed by Vygotsky. The fifth chapter presents a proposal for theological-musical training which can serve as a resource for the work with youth groups in the congregational context, based on reflections and practices.

Eiselen (1932: 1) commented that the Black population of South Africa attached a particular religious value to the dolos art. He consequently collected some of the dolos sayings, but did not delve deeper into them. 1932 can hence be considered to be an important year with regard to this genre in the traditional literature of the Bapedi. The aim of this mini-dissertation is to investigate and discuss the design of the traditional dolos sayings in particular, because this research area in Sepedi literature has been neglected. In addition to a discussion of the dolos art, an attempt will be made to also find out what this form of art means to the people concerned. An adapted narratological model will be used for the interpretation of the various sayings; i.e. the content, the compilation and the meaning of the dolos sayings will be discussed. In an investigation of this kind, it is inevitable that attention will also be paid to the praise poem as a commendation. In this case, a distinction between the traditional and the modern forms of this genre is made of necessity. This distinction is based mainly on the fact that the modern praise poem sings the praise of present-day subjects, while kings, heroes, counsellor, animals, different kinds of objects and last but not least, dolosses are extolled in the traditional praise poem. A set of dolosses consists of 42 pieces, four of which are not only important but also indispensable in such a set. They are Moremogolo (male), Selomi (male), Mmakgadi (female) and Selomi (female). When the dolosses are thrown, they land in a specific way. This is called the landing of the dolosses, which is then interpreted and explained by the dolos master. Dolos sayings resort under the traditional praise poem as a separate genre. They are mainly short sayings and are not divided into stanzas. The verse form of the dolos saying by its nature differs from that of the European verse. The form of the dolos saying is, amongst other things, determined by the fact that these sayings never came into being in a written form; they were recitations. For the rest, those verse form principles that characterise them as verses, namely coordination and correspondence, are indeed applied by the reciter. The principle of coordination determines in this case that the caesura divides the dolos saying into 2 or 3 mutually dependent metrical units. The correspondence principle reconciles the various mutually dependent metrical units with one another through an equal number of syllable and length peaks plus the repetition of word stems or words. In the investigation, special attention was paid to the structuring of the dependent metrical units. When long measure repetition is investigated in the stanza of the traditional poem, it is indicated how this form of repetition in the metrical units brings about a solid unit through the repetition of a single word. This means that the lines of poetry inside the stanza are also bound together by this repetition. The important functions of repetition are emphasis and the reinforcement of the core information of the line being repeated. When dependent metrical units are repeated in the dolos saying, it is particularly the last line or a section thereof that is involved in this. At the same time it is a very important characteristic (resp.metre) of the dolos saying. Finally, linking is also looked at in so far as it brings about the second or subsequent line within the stanza. / Dissertation (MA (Sepedi))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / African Languages / unrestricted

Ce mémoire de recherche-création est d’abord un roman intitulé « Les fuckalls » portant sur les dérives quotidiennes d’un groupe d’amis résidant à Sherbrooke et leur tentative de former une communauté dans une société de performance. Seront considéré dans cette partie la conscience de la fiction, l’ennui, les relations et l’inertie. La partie analyse est une réflexion autour de l’idée de l’éloge de l’inertie, à travers le déploiement des mécanismes de l’ironie dans Document 1 de François Blais (2012), un récit de voyage subvertit par un duo de personnages ludiques, Tess et Jude. Cet essai investit d’abord la manière dont est inscrite l’inertie, notamment par l’exploration du quotidien et habitudes des personnages, mais aussi l’humour, aspect pouvant afficher le roman comme un hommage à L’hiver de force de Réjean Ducharme (1973). Le ton humoristique serait en lien avec la connivence que la narratrice tente de développer avec le lecteur, au travers d’une narration dite niaiseuse. Cette connivence est nécessaire à l’inscription de l’ironie dans le roman, qui passe entre autres par le récit et le discours de la narration, se déclinant autant les péripéties contradictoires qu’amène la quête falsifiée des personnages. L’analyse explore la façon dont est renversée cette doxa prônant le départ comme clé du bonheur, par l’exploration du territoire de proximité et la mise en abyme du récit. Au final, l’impossibilité même du départ traduit la fatalité inhérente au contexte dans lequel évolue les personnages, c’est-à-dire le confort et la raillerie. Les œuvres convoquées tissent entre elles des arguments amenant à la réflexion que l’ironie ici est le mécanisme portant l’éloge de l’inertie. / This memoir in creation-research is first and foremost a novel named “Les fuckalls”, in which is illustrated the aimless drifting of some teenagers in Sherbrooke, Québec as well as their attempt to form a community in a society that promotes productivity and appearance. Will be considered in this part the awareness of the fiction process, boredom, relationships and apathy. The research part focuses around the idea of the praise of apathy that comes from the mechanisms of irony in Document 1 by François Blais (2012), a road novel subverted by the playful duo formed by Tess and Jude. First, this essay dissects the way the notion of apathy is inserted in the daily lives of the characters, as well as the humor process, which can appear as a homage to the 1973 novel L’hiver de force, by Réjean Ducharme. This particular humoristic tone is linked to the complicity the narrator is trying to develop through a narration said to be mindless. This complicity is necessary to the inscription of irony in the text, which is manifesting itself through the story and the narration, as well as the contradictory twists that is brought by a falsified quest. This research explores the way that this doxa, which advocates that the key to happiness has to be somewhere else, is deflected by the author by the exploration of the adjacent territory and the mise en abyme of the story. In the end, the impossibility of any departure translates the inherent fatality of apathy, the state in which the characters are living their lives. The studied corpus links the irony as the mechanism that supports the praise of apathy.

Out-of-school time (OST) programs are under increasing pressure to improve student achievement. However, OST program administrators face a number of challenges to improving program effectiveness including inconsistent student participation, inexperienced staff members, and a lack of high-quality professional development. OST program administrators can address these challenges by implementing staff development practices that encourage the use of effective instructional strategies. Specific praise is a simple and effective instructional strategy that has been linked to improved student engagement, enhanced academic achievement, and stronger student-teacher relationships. Unfortunately, there have been very few studies examining the effects of interventions designed to increase OST staff members’ use of specific praise. One staff development strategy that could be both feasible and effective is the use of self-management. Although there are a variety of approaches to self-management designed for teachers, not all self-management strategies are effective. One strategy that might increase the feasibility and effectiveness of self-management programs is the use of student feedback. The process of comparing self-evaluations against a third-party standard such as student feedback is called matching in the self-management literature. Students can be a useful source of feedback because they observe their teachers frequently and can report the use of instructional strategies like specific praise. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a self-management procedure using student feedback on OST staff members’ use of specific praise. A multiple-baseline design across participants was used to examine the effects of the intervention on specific praise rates. All participants increased their use of specific praise after implementing the self-management procedures. General praise rates became more variable throughout the study. These findings provide evidence for a functional effect on specific praise but not for general praise. Teachers reported high levels of satisfaction with the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. A statistically significant correlation was found between specific praise rates and student reports of specific praise.

School recess can be a problematic setting due to inadequate safety, supervision, and structure. Peer praise notes (PPNs) is a school-wide positive behavior support strategy that was implemented during recess to address these concerns at a Title I elementary school. An ABAB reversal design across all students was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of PPNs. Overall changes in office disciplinary referrals (ODRs) in each phase of the design, an effect size that reflects a highly effective treatment, and a moderately strong and statistically significant negative correlation suggest that PPNs decreased ODRs. Results from social validity surveys completed by eight recess aides and 88 students indicated that participants had positive perceptions of PPNs improving student behavior and peer relations, communicating playground rules, extending supervision responsibilities, and offering structured activity to peer praisers. Students' perceptions were overall more positive than the recess aides' perceptions. Limitations, future research, and implications are addressed.

Ett antal studier har visat att beröm kan ha positiva motivationseffekter på anställda med icke-komplexa arbetsuppgifter. Forskningen kring hur beröm påverkar anställda med komplexa arbetsuppgifter är dock fortfarande i ett inledande stadium men indikationer finns att de påverkas annorlunda. Syftet med studien är att addera kunskap till tidigare forskning genom att kartlägga hur beröm ges och hur det påverkar den autonoma samt kontrollerade motivationen hos anställda med komplexa arbetsuppgifter. För att besvara syftet har 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer av sjuksköterskor utförts. Ur studien framgår det att anställda med komplexa arbetsuppgifter får beröm med varierande frekvens, i olika sammanhang och på olika grunder, men vissa gemensamma tendenser går att urskilja. Studien visar även att beröm kan ha en direkt påverkan på den autonoma motivationen genom att kortsiktigt göra arbetet roligare men även indirekt genom att tillgodose de psykologiska behoven kompetens, tillhörighet och autonomi. Samtidigt riskerar beröm att påverka den kontrollerade motivationen på bekostnad av den autonoma om det ges så att det uppfattas som kontrollerande av den anställde. Studien bidrar således till befintlig forskning då den styrker redan observerade tendenser gällande hur beröm kan påverka de olika formerna av motivation och visar på beröms potential att således fungera som ett lovande ledningsverktyg. Studien bidrar dock även till en viss skepsis kring detta då den även påvisar att beröm riskerar att skada den autonoma motivationen vilket är något som tidigare har tillägnats lite uppmärksamhet. Beröm i denna studie avgränsas på det sätt att endast beröm som sker i en hierarkisk relation, alltså från chef till anställd, behandlas. Beröm mellan kollegor eller andra konstellationer ingår därav inte. / A number of studies have shown that praise can have positive motivational effects on employees with non-complex tasks. However, research on how praise affects employees with complex tasks is still in an initial stage, but there are indications that they are affected differently. The purpose of the study is to add knowledge to previous research by mapping how praise is given and how it affects the autonomous and controlled motivation of employees with complex tasks. To answer the purpose, 15 semi-structured interviews of nurses were conducted. The study shows that employees with complex tasks are praised with varying frequency, in different contexts and on different grounds, but certain common tendencies can be distinguished. The study also shows that praise can have a direct impact on the autonomous motivation by making the work more fun in the short term, but also indirectly by satisfying the psychological needs of competence, relatedness and autonomy. At the same time, praise risks affecting the controlled motivation at the expense of the autonomous if it is given so that it is perceived as controlling by the employee. The study thus contributes to existing research as it confirms already observed tendencies regarding how praise can affect the various forms of motivation and shows the potential of praise to thus function as a promising management tool. However, the study also contributes to a certain skepticism about this as it also shows that praise risks damaging the autonomous motivation, which is something that has previously been given little attention. Praise in this study is delimited in the way that only praise that takes place in a hierarchical relationship, meaning from manager to employee, is treated. Praise between colleagues or other constellations is not included.

Text in German with summaries in German and English / Die Masterarbeit untersucht die 20 meist gespielten Hillsong-Lieder aus dem Jahre 2016 in Deutschland. Untersuchte Aspekte sind die Hauptthemen der Liedtexte, die Sänger- / Adressat-Perspektive, die Einordnung in das gesamtbiblische Narrativ sowie die Funktionen der Lieder innerhalb des Gottesdienstes. Anhand dieser Aspekte wird der Kritik, die an die Lieder gerichtet wird, begegnet. Kritisiert wird unter anderem die theologische Substanzlosigkeit der Lieder, das verzerrte Gottesbild, fehlende Themen wie Leid, Klage, Soziale Gerechtigkeit oder die Fokussierung auf das Individuum anstatt auf Gott. Die Arbeit weist nach, dass die Kritik an mangelndem Inhalt gerechtfertigt ist. Die Lieder kommunizieren darüber hinaus ein einseitiges Gottesbild, das Jesus im Fokus hat. Es wird dargestellt, dass die Themen Leid, Klage und Soziale Gerechtigkeit unterrepräsentiert sind. Auf der grammatikalischen Ebene weisen die Lieder einen starken Fokus auf das Individuum auf. Durch die Untersuchung der Funktionen wird jedoch gezeigt, dass die meisten Lieder trotz einer Ich-Perspektive stark gemeinschaftsstiftend sind. Das liegt vor allem an der koinonialen Funktionen sowie der Kombinationen von diakonischer und seelsorgerlicher Funktion mancher Lieder. Neben diesen Funktionen übernehmen die Lieder oft noch die kerygmatische, missionarische und pädagogische Funktion. / The master thesis examines the 20 most played Hillsong songs from 2016 in Germany. Aspects examined are the main themes of the lyrics, the singer-/ addressee perspective, the classification into the biblical narrative as well as the functions of the songs within the worship service. Based on these aspects, the criticism directed at the songs is met. Criticized are, among other things, the theological lack of substance of the songs, the distorted image of God, missing topics like suffering, lamentation, social justice or the focus on the individual instead of God. The work proves that the criticism of lack of content is justified. In addition, the songs communicate a one-sided image of God that strongly focuses on Jesus as an addressee. It shows that the issues of suffering, lamentation and social justice are underrepresented. On the grammatical level, the songs have a strong focus on the individual. Examining the functions, however, shows that most of the songs, despite a first-person perspective, are strongly community-building. This is mainly due to the koinonial function and the combinations of diaconal and pastoral function of some songs. In addition to these functions, the songs often take on the kerygmatic, missionary and pedagogical function / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)

No description available.