BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are among the leading causes of disability and death for women and their babies. Identifying risk factors for these pregnancy-related complications is essential to their prevention. Studies identifying preventive models for PIH and GDM are few. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate lifestyle and personal predictors of PIH and GDM in a cohort of nearly 20,000 pregnant women. METHODS: The exposure data for the study were derived from a combination of a telephone interview and a questionnaire completed approximately 2 months after conception during the period from 1984 to 1987. The initial questionnaires asked for information on three periods: 3 months before conception, at conception, and 2 months after conception. Subjects included 19,312 women, aged 18-<45 years, who did not have excessive intakes of alcohol or food, were neither underweight (BMI >18.5) nor extremely overweight (BMI <40), and did not use illegal drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Outcome data on the mother and baby were collected approximately one year after the expected data of delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI), as well as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves predicting PIH and GDM. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) were used to select the best predictors of these two outcomes. Factors found not to affect PIH or GDM (based on a two-unit decrease in the AIC) were excluded from the final models. RESULTS: Based on the outcome data collected, there were 204 PIH cases, 358 GDM cases, and 538 who had PIH and/or GDM. After selecting the outcome predictors using AIC values, we identified three predictive models—one each for PIH, GDM, and either PIH or GDM. Factors found to predict PIH included age, previous hypertension or type 1 or 2 diabetes, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, exercise, red meat consumption, margarine consumption, cigarette smoking, and weight change at 2 months. The final AIC value for PIH was 2084.12 and the AUC value was 0.76. GDM was predicted by age, previous GDM (in an earlier pregnancy), pre-pregnant BMI, height, exercise, race, dairy consumption, and cigarette smoking, with an AIC value of 3288.74 and an AUC value of 0.70. The combined model (predicting either PIH or GDM) was best predicted by age, history of GDM in a previous pregnancy, pre-pregnant BMI, previous history of hypertension, height, exercise, dairy consumption, red meat consumption, parity numbers, cigarette smoking, and weight change at 2 months with an AIC value of 3288.74 and an AUC value of 0.71. CONCLUSIONS: In these analyses, separate models predicting PIH and GDM were better than a combined model predicting PIH or GDM. These final models indicate that we can reasonably identify women who are at increased risk for adverse maternal outcomes associated with hypertensive disorders or diabetes during pregnancy.

Introdução: A principal causa de mortes maternas no Brasil são as Síndromes Hipertensivas na Gravidez (SHG). Estudos têm focado nos fatores de risco para essas síndromes, entretanto são pequenos e localizados. Um estudo de maior abrangência poderia encontrar valores mais precisos e diferenças entre seus estratos. Objetivo: Estimar a frequência das SHG na região sudeste do Brasil. Descrever e analisar os fatores associados às síndromes hipertensivas na gravidez. Método: Este é um estudo transversal, parte integrante do Nascer no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre Fevereiro de 2011 e Julho de 2012. A amostra do estudo foi composta por todas as mulheres entrevistadas pelo inquérito em toda a região Sudeste do Brasil, totalizando 10154 pares de mulheres e conceptos. Resultados: As mulheres tinham entre 10 e 54 anos, predominantemente pardas/mulatas/morenas, não possuíam ensino superior, pertenciam à classe econômica C, tiveram seus bebê em hospitais das capitais e possuíam companheiro(a). De todos os nascimentos, 52,1 por cento ocorreram por cesariana, e destas 69,2 por cento sem que a mulher entrasse em trabalho de parto. Quase metade (43,9 por cento) dos nascimentos aconteceram antes que a gestação completasse 39 semanas. 77,7 por cento das mulheres relatam ter um acompanhante ao seu lado em algum momento durante o trabalho de parto/parto. As SHG acometeram 17,6 por cento de todas as mulheres. Destas, 3,4 por cento possuíam hipertensão crônica e a incidência de eclâmpsia foi de 1,6 por cento. Após análise multivariada, permaneceram independentemente associadas às SHG as variáveis cor preta (OR 1,4), histórico pessoal de eclâmpsia (OR 2,8), primiparidade (OR 1,6), diabetes (OR 2,3), mulheres com sobrepeso (OR 1,8), obesidade (OR 4,4) e gestação múltipla (OR 2,9). As mulheres com baixo peso apresentaram associação protetora (OR 0,6) Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que o histórico pessoal de eclâmpsia, diabetes, obesidade e gestação múltipla foram as variáveis que apresentaram maior associação com as SHG / Introduction: The main cause of maternal deaths in Brazil is hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy (HSP). Studies have focused on risk factors for these syndromes, however most are small-scaled and localized. A population-based study on the other hand, could potentially find more accurate results and differences between strata. Objective: To describe and analyze the incidence of HSP and the occurrence of associated factors in the Southeast of Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, part of \"Birth in Brazil: National Survey into Labor and Birth\" a national epidemiological survey on birthing in Brazil. Data collection took place between February 2011 and July 2012. The study sample consisted of all women interviewed for the survey across the southeastern region of Brazil, totaling 10,154 pairs of women and fetuses. Results: The women were between 10 and 54 years of age, predominantly brown skinned, with no graduation, in economic class C, had their babies in the hospitals placed on the capital cities and had a partner. 52.1 per cent of births occurred by cesarean section, 36 per cent without the woman going into labor. Almost half (43.9 per cent) of births occurred before 39 weeks of completed gestation. 77.7 per cent of women reported having a companion only sometimes during labor/delivery. HSP occurred in 17.6 per cent of all women, 3.4 per cent had chronic hypertension and the incidence of eclampsia was 1.6 per cent. After multivariate analysis, the independent variables associated with HSP is black skin (OR 1.4), personal history of preeclampsia (OR 2.8), primiparity (OR 1.6), diabetes (OR 2.3), underweight (OR 0.6), overweight (OR 1.8), obesity (OR) and multiple gestations (OR 2.9). Conclusion: The population-based data shows that a personal history of eclampsia, diabetes, obesity and multiple pregnancies were the variables with greater association with HSP

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-04T19:26:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELE_CRISTOV?O_ESCOUTO.pdf: 3899595 bytes, checksum: 60af701fccf65168e901b103c704e2fe (MD5) / Rejected by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ao t?tulo da capa (em ingl?s) estar diferente do t?tulo da folha de rosto e ficha catalogr?fica (em portugu?s). on 2018-05-16T19:01:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-17T11:39:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELE_CRISTOV?O_ESCOUTO.pdf: 3899595 bytes, checksum: 60af701fccf65168e901b103c704e2fe (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ao t?tulo da capa (em ingl?s) estar diferente do t?tulo da folha de rosto e ficha catalogr?fica (em portugu?s). on 2018-05-28T18:04:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-03T19:01:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELE_CRIST?V?O_ESCOUTO.pdf: 2805745 bytes, checksum: c76c0d3c115aae92a7015f9312fd9604 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-05T13:05:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELE_CRIST?V?O_ESCOUTO.pdf: 2805745 bytes, checksum: c76c0d3c115aae92a7015f9312fd9604 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T13:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELE_CRIST?V?O_ESCOUTO.pdf: 2805745 bytes, checksum: c76c0d3c115aae92a7015f9312fd9604 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introdu??o ? A distin??o adequada dos casos de alto risco para eventos graves nas doen?as hipertensivas gestacionais, n?o apenas pr?-ecl?mpsia, ? um desafio cl?nico. O modelo fullPIERS ? uma ferramenta simples e de baixo custo que utiliza vari?veis cl?nicas para estratificar a probabilidade de eventos adversos em gestantes com pr?-ecl?mpsia. O fator de crescimento placent?rio (PlGF) ? um biomarcador com concentra??es reduzidas no plasma de mulheres com pr?-ecl?mpsia e com crescente emprego na avalia??o de gestantes com suspeita de pr?-ecl?mpsia. Objetivos ? O objetivo deste estudo ? estimar a acur?cia do modelo fullPIERS e do biomarcador PlGF como preditores de desfechos adversos maternos em gestantes com doen?a hipertensiva gestacional. M?todos ? Estudo de coorte prospectiva em um hospital terci?rio em Porto Alegre, Brasil, que incluiu gestantes admitidas com press?o arterial sist?lica ? 140 e/ou press?o arterial diast?lica ? 90 mmHg a partir da 20? semana de gesta??o. Os piores valores de vari?veis cl?nicas e laboratoriais dentro das primeiras 48 horas de admiss?o foram coletados. Desenvolvimento de eventos adversos foi acompanhado por um per?odo de 14 dias. Concentra??es plasm?ticas maternas de PlGF do momento da admiss?o foram mensuradas. Resultados ? 405 gestantes foram inclu?das no estudo. Entre as 351 mulheres inclu?das na an?lise do modelo fullPIERS, 20 (5%) desenvolveram pelo menos um evento adverso materno dentro de 14 dias de interna??o. O modelo fullPIERS teve pouca capacidade discriminativa para prever desfechos em 48 horas [AUC 0,639 (95% CI 0,458-0,819)]. A acur?cia do modelo foi ainda mais baixa dentro de sete semanas da admiss?o [AUC 0,612 (95% CI 0,440-0,783)]; a capacidade discriminativa manteve-se similar dentro de 14 dias da admiss?o [AUC 0,637 (95% CI 0,491-0,783)]. A calibra??o do modelo fullPIERS tamb?m foi ruim: inclina??o 0,35 (95% CI 0,08-0,62) e intercepto 1,13 (95%CI -2,4-0,14). A an?lise do PlGF incluiu 392 gestantes. PlGF <5? percentil esteve associados a eventos adversos maternos dentro de 48 horas em gestantes inclu?das antes de 35 semanas com sensibilidade de 0,80 (0,4-0,96), valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 0,98 (0,9-0,99) e AUC ROC de 0,672 (IC 95% 0,5-0,9). PlGF <100 pg/mL apresentaram sensibilidade de 0,8 (0,4-0,96), especificidade de 0,6 (0,5-0,7) e VPN de 0,99 (0,94-0,99) em mulheres ap?s 37 semanas de gravidez. PlGF apresentou bom desempenho para prever parto at? 14 dias em gestantes inclu?das antes de 35 semanas. PlGF <5? percentil esteve associado a rec?m-nascido pequeno para idade gestacional (PIG) com sensibilidade de 0,75 (0,6-0,9), especificidade 0,65 (0,5-0,7), NPV de 0,87 (0,79-0,94) e AUC ROC 0,698 (0,6-0,79), em gestantes com <35 semanas, a acur?cia diminuiu com o aumento das idades gestacionais. Conclus?es ? O modelo fullPIERS e a concentra??o de PLGF mostraram baixa acur?cia na predi??o de desfechos adversos maternos em mulheres com doen?a hipertensiva gestacional, incluindo pr?-ecl?mpsia. O modelo fullPIERS teve desempenho inferior na nossa amostra quando comparado com o estudo que validou este teste. O PLGF parece ser um biomarcador para uso como ferramenta adicional na predi??o de parto dentro de 14 dias e rec?m-nascidos PIG, especialmente em gestantes antes da 35? semana gestacional. / Introduction - Singling out high-risk patients from the diverse hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and not only preeclampsia, is a challenge for clinicians. The fullPIERS model is a simple and low-cost evaluation instrument using clinical variables to stratify the adverse outcomes probability of pregnant women with high-risk preeclampsia. Placental growth factor (PlGF) levels are reduced in preeclampsia and are increasingly being used as a biomarker in the assessment of this disease. Objectives - The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of the fullPIERS model and PlGF to predict adverse outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods - A prospective cohort study carried out at a teaching hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil enrolling pregnant women admitted with a systolic blood pressure ? 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ? 90 mmHg from the 20th week of gestation. First 48 hours of admission worst clinical and laboratory data were recorded and the development of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes scrutinised up to 14 days. Admission maternal plasma PlGF concentrations were measured. Results ? A total of 405 women were enrolled. From the 351 women included in the fullPIERS model analysis, 20 (5%) developed at least one of the combined maternal adverse outcomes. The fullPIERS model had poor outcomes discrimination at 48h [AUC 0.639 (95% CI 0.458-0.819)]. At the seventh admission day, the model?s accuracy was even lower [AUC 0.612 (95% CI 0.440-0.783)]; the model?s discriminative ability remained similar [AUC 0.637 (95% CI 0.491-0.783)] at 14 days. Calibration of the fullPIERS model was poor: slope - 0.35 (95% CI 0.08-0.62), intercept -1.13 (95%CI -2.4-0.14). PlGF analysis included 392 women. PlGF < 5th percentile predicted maternal adverse outcomes within 48h in women with gestation < 35 weeks with sensitivity of 0.80, NPV of 0.98 and AUC ROC of 0.672 (CI 95%0.5-0.9). The threshold of <100 pg/mL, had best accuracy in women after 37 weeks of pregnancy, sensitivity of 0.8, specificity of 0.6, negative predictive value of 0.99 and PPV of 0.04. PlGF had good performance to predict delivery within 14 days in women presenting before 35 weeks. PlGF <5th percentile predicted delivery of a SGA infant with sensitivity of 0.75, specificity 0.65, PPV of 0.45, NPV of 0.87, and AUC ROC 0.698, in women with gestation < 35 weeks, accuracy decreased at later gestational ages. Conclusion - In conclusion, in our sample the fullPIERS model and PlGF were limited predictors of maternal adverse outcomes in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia. The performance of the fullPIERS model in our sample was inferior to that of the original cohort. PlGF as a biomarker appears to be an additional tool to predict delivery within 14 days and SGA newborn in women before 35 weeks gestation.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-25T22:59:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o ELOISA.pdf: 2030502 bytes, checksum: a4a8929be70dd80d51288a3be186b9e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T22:59:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o ELOISA.pdf: 2030502 bytes, checksum: a4a8929be70dd80d51288a3be186b9e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Pregnancy in adolescence, especially in younger age groups and vulnerable population groups, can lead to health risks due to clinical and obstetric complications for pregnant, mother and newborn, as well as psychological and socioeconomic repercussions. Objective: To evaluate the possible associations between Hypertensive Syndrome in Pregnancy (HSP) and socio-demographic, pre-natal, and delivery characteristics of teenage and young adults attended to in the public and private health system of Brazil. Methods: An epidemiologic cross-sectional study, hospital-based data and regional level, using data from 54 municipalities of the Northeast region of Brazil from 2011-2012. The records used were obtained from the database of the National Survey on Labor and Delivery, ?Born in Brazil?. The theoretical model used had a three-level hierarchy, and HSP. The distal level included socio-demographic variables: age range, marital status, race/skin color, adequate schooling for age, paid employment, funding for pre-natal visits. The intermediate level included pre-natal variables: Adequacy of prenatal care, previous clinical risk factors and smoking in the first five months. The proximal level consisted of variables related to delivery characteristics: Source of payment of the birth. A multivariate analysis was performed, based on the results of the bivariate analysis and respective p-values with a significance level of <0.20 using the Wald test. Results: Of the 2960 adolescents and young adults, 4,6% (135) presented with Hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy. The mothers without a partner had 1.5 times the odds of developing one of the types of HSP (OR=1.52); those with inadequate schooling had a 1.9 times greater chance of developing HSP (OR = 1.86); and having a previous clinical risk factor resulted in over 21 times the odds of HSP in teenagers and young adults (OR=21.72). Conclusions: These results indicate that HSP may be associated with several determinants. Social (marital status and schooling) and biological (previous clinical risk factors) risk factors were identified. This underscores the importance of guaranteeing women, family support and access to healthcare aiming to guarantee access to pre-natal and delivery care with early diagnosis and treatment, in order to avoid complications and consequently maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. / Gravidez na adolesc?ncia, principalmente nas faixas et?rias precoces e em grupos populacionais vulner?veis, pode representar um risco ? sa?de pelas intercorr?ncias cl?nicas ou obst?tricas na gestante, pu?rpera e rec?m-nascido, assim como, repercuss?es psicol?gicas e socioecon?micas. Objetivo: avaliar poss?veis associa??es entre S?ndrome Hipertensiva Espec?fica da Gesta??o (SHEG) e caracter?sticas sociodemogr?ficas, do pr?-natal e do parto de adolescentes e adultas jovens, atendidas no Sistema de Sa?de, P?blico e Privado. M?todo: estudo transversal, de base hospitalar, ocorrido em 54 munic?pios da Regi?o Nordeste do Brasil, no per?odo de 2011 e 2012. Os registros utilizados foram obtidos do Inqu?rito Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento, ?Nascer no Brasil?. Foi estabelecido um modelo te?rico com tr?s n?veis de hierarquia, tendo a SHEG, como vari?vel desfecho. No n?vel distal, foram inclu?das vari?veis sociodemogr?ficas: faixa et?ria; situa??o conjugal; cor da pele; adequa??o da escolaridade com a idade; trabalho remunerado e financiamento para o pr?-natal; No n?vel intermedi?rio foram inclu?das vari?veis do pr?-natal: adequa??o da assist?ncia; antecedentes cl?nicos de risco e uso de fumo nos primeiros 05 meses. No n?vel proximal, ficaram vari?veis referentes ao parto: fonte de pagamento. An?lise multivariada foi realizada, a partir dos resultados das an?lises bivariadas e respectivos p valores, com n?vel de signific?ncia < 0,20, pelo teste de Wald. Resultados: Do total de 2960 adolescentes e adultas jovens, 4,6% (135) apresentaram SHEG. As pu?rperas sem companheiro apresentaram chance 1,5 vezes maior de desenvolver um dos tipos da SHEG (OR= 1,52); aquelas com escolaridade inadequada apresentaram chance 1,9 vezes maior de ocorr?ncia da SHEG (OR = 1,86); ter antecedente cl?nico de risco, aumentou em 21 vezes a chance de ocorrer SHEG nas adolescentes e adultas jovens (OR = 21,72). Conclus?es: os resultados apontaram que m?ltiplos determinantes podem estar associados ? SHEG. Foram identificados fatores de risco social (situa??o conjugal e escolaridade) e biol?gico (antecedentes cl?nicos de risco). Ressalta a import?ncia de garantir ?s mulheres, apoio familiar e assist?ncia ? sa?de, visando garantir o acesso ao pr?-natal e parto com diagn?stico e tratamento precoces, evitando complica??es e morbimortalidade materna e neonatal. Palavras-

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Objetivos: obter o perfil epidemiolÃgico e resultados perinatais de pacientes com diagnÃstico de hipertensÃo na gravidez. Analisar a hipertensÃo grave, presente nas patologias prÃ-eclÃmpsia grave, prÃ-eclÃmpsia superposta à hipertensÃo crÃnica, sÃndrome HELLP e eclÃmpsia, como fator de risco para complicaÃÃes maternas e neonatais em relaÃÃo a sÃndromes hipertensivas menos graves como prÃ-eclÃmpsia leve, hipertensÃo crÃnica e hipertensÃo gestacional. Sujeitos e mÃtodos: realizou-se estudo transversal na Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand entre junho de 2007 e agosto de 2008 com 201 pacientes com sÃndromes hipertensivas na gravidez. Agruparam-se pacientes com sÃndromes hipertensivas mais graves e seus desfechos perinatais usando o teste do qui-quadrado e seguiu-se anÃlise comparativa de suas caracterÃsticas sÃcio-demogrÃficas e obstÃtricas e resultados perinatais com mulheres com sÃndromes hipertensivas menos graves. Para mensurar a magnitude do risco foi calculado o odds ratio. Resultados: observaram-se 81,6% de pacientes pertencentes ao grupo da hipertensÃo mais grave, sendo 52,7% de prÃ-eclÃmpsia grave. As pacientes nulÃparas representaram 47%, sobrepeso 41% e obesidade 38%. Encontrou-se 44,2% de prematuridade, 37% recÃm-nascidos com peso abaixo de 2.500g e taxa de 65 Ãbitos por mil nascidos vivos. A anÃlise comparativa das caracterÃsticas das mulheres e resultados perinatais em sÃndromes hipertensivas graves em relaÃÃo as menos graves nÃo mostrou associaÃÃo significativa pelo odds ratio. ConclusÃo: o perfil das mulheres com sÃndromes hipertensivas graves foi similar ao de pacientes com quadros menos graves. Destacaram-se alta incidÃncia de prÃ-eclÃmpsia grave, sobrepeso e obesidade e altas taxas de prematuridade e de Ãbito neonatal. NÃo foi observada diferenÃa entre o comprometimento neonatal conforme os grupos de sÃndromes. / Objectives: To obtain epidemiological profile and perinatal outcome of patients diagnosed with hypertension in pregnancy. To analyze the severe hypertension, present in the pathologies pre-eclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, HELLP syndrome and eclampsia as a risk factor for maternal and neonatal complications for hypertensive disorders and less severe mild preeclampsia, chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension. Subjects and methods: cross-sectional study was carried out in Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand between June 2007 and August 2008 with 201 patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Patients with more severe hypertensive disorders and their perinatal outcomes were grouped using the chi-square test and followed up a comparative analysis of their socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric and perinatal outcomes of women with less severe disorders. To measure the magnitude of risk was calculated odds ratio. Results: there were 81.6% of patients in the group of more severe hypertension, and 52.7% of pre-eclampsia. The nulliparous patients accounted for 47%, 41% overweight and obesity 38%. It was found 44.2% of preterm births, 37% of newborns weighing less than 2500g and the rate of 65 deaths per thousand live births. The comparative analysis of characteristics of women and perinatal outcome in severe hypertensive disorders in relation to less serious showed no significant association by odds ratio. Conclusions: The profile of women with severe hypertensive disorders was similar to patients with less severe disorders. Of note is the high incidence of severe preeclampsia, overweight and obesity and high rates of prematurity and neonatal deaths. No difference was observed between the impairment groups as neonatal syndromes.

Introdução: A principal causa de mortes maternas no Brasil são as Síndromes Hipertensivas na Gravidez (SHG). Estudos têm focado nos fatores de risco para essas síndromes, entretanto são pequenos e localizados. Um estudo de maior abrangência poderia encontrar valores mais precisos e diferenças entre seus estratos. Objetivo: Estimar a frequência das SHG na região sudeste do Brasil. Descrever e analisar os fatores associados às síndromes hipertensivas na gravidez. Método: Este é um estudo transversal, parte integrante do Nascer no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre Fevereiro de 2011 e Julho de 2012. A amostra do estudo foi composta por todas as mulheres entrevistadas pelo inquérito em toda a região Sudeste do Brasil, totalizando 10154 pares de mulheres e conceptos. Resultados: As mulheres tinham entre 10 e 54 anos, predominantemente pardas/mulatas/morenas, não possuíam ensino superior, pertenciam à classe econômica C, tiveram seus bebê em hospitais das capitais e possuíam companheiro(a). De todos os nascimentos, 52,1 por cento ocorreram por cesariana, e destas 69,2 por cento sem que a mulher entrasse em trabalho de parto. Quase metade (43,9 por cento) dos nascimentos aconteceram antes que a gestação completasse 39 semanas. 77,7 por cento das mulheres relatam ter um acompanhante ao seu lado em algum momento durante o trabalho de parto/parto. As SHG acometeram 17,6 por cento de todas as mulheres. Destas, 3,4 por cento possuíam hipertensão crônica e a incidência de eclâmpsia foi de 1,6 por cento. Após análise multivariada, permaneceram independentemente associadas às SHG as variáveis cor preta (OR 1,4), histórico pessoal de eclâmpsia (OR 2,8), primiparidade (OR 1,6), diabetes (OR 2,3), mulheres com sobrepeso (OR 1,8), obesidade (OR 4,4) e gestação múltipla (OR 2,9). As mulheres com baixo peso apresentaram associação protetora (OR 0,6) Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que o histórico pessoal de eclâmpsia, diabetes, obesidade e gestação múltipla foram as variáveis que apresentaram maior associação com as SHG / Introduction: The main cause of maternal deaths in Brazil is hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy (HSP). Studies have focused on risk factors for these syndromes, however most are small-scaled and localized. A population-based study on the other hand, could potentially find more accurate results and differences between strata. Objective: To describe and analyze the incidence of HSP and the occurrence of associated factors in the Southeast of Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, part of \"Birth in Brazil: National Survey into Labor and Birth\" a national epidemiological survey on birthing in Brazil. Data collection took place between February 2011 and July 2012. The study sample consisted of all women interviewed for the survey across the southeastern region of Brazil, totaling 10,154 pairs of women and fetuses. Results: The women were between 10 and 54 years of age, predominantly brown skinned, with no graduation, in economic class C, had their babies in the hospitals placed on the capital cities and had a partner. 52.1 per cent of births occurred by cesarean section, 36 per cent without the woman going into labor. Almost half (43.9 per cent) of births occurred before 39 weeks of completed gestation. 77.7 per cent of women reported having a companion only sometimes during labor/delivery. HSP occurred in 17.6 per cent of all women, 3.4 per cent had chronic hypertension and the incidence of eclampsia was 1.6 per cent. After multivariate analysis, the independent variables associated with HSP is black skin (OR 1.4), personal history of preeclampsia (OR 2.8), primiparity (OR 1.6), diabetes (OR 2.3), underweight (OR 0.6), overweight (OR 1.8), obesity (OR) and multiple gestations (OR 2.9). Conclusion: The population-based data shows that a personal history of eclampsia, diabetes, obesity and multiple pregnancies were the variables with greater association with HSP

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and a major contributor to preterm birth and neonatal mortality. Literature suggests that several modifiable psychosocial and health behavioral factors may play significant roles in the development of PIH. However, interrelationships among these factors and their collective impact on PIH are not well understood. Objectives: This study aims to: 1) Examine the relationship between pre-pregnancy physical activity and risk of PIH, 2) Determine the association between prepregnancy depression and PIH and the role of race/ethnicity in this association, 3) Evaluate the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) in women before and/or during pregnancy and PIH, and the role of utilization of prenatal care (PNC) as a mediator in this association. Methods: This study utilized the national Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey data (years 2009-2015). The outcome variable PIH was defined as a dichotomized variable (Yes; No) utilizing a birth certificate variable data. Domain-adjusted multiple logistic regression, multiple logistic regression with stratification, and structural equation modeling analyses were used to investigate the study aims. Results: No significant reduced risk of PIH was observed in women who were physically active prior to pregnancy compared to sedentary women. However, women with prepregnancy depression were more likely to have PIH compared to women without prepregnancy depression and this association was significant for non-Hispanic White women when stratified by race/ethnicity. Further, PNC utilization was a significant mediator in the association between IPV before and/or during pregnancy and PIH. However, IPV had no direct or total effect on PIH in this study. Conclusions: Public health professionals and health care providers should be aware of the relationships between prepregnancy depression, race/ethnicity, IPV, and prenatal care utilization, and PIH, and utilize the information in risk profiling, screening, early detection and intervention in women at risk of PIH.

Introduction: The measurement of placental thickness can constitute an important clinical marker for newborns prediction affected by the restriction of uteroplacental blood flow. With a simple and inexpensive technique after birth, and with ultrasonographic findings obtained previously during pregnancy, it adds up an inexpensive and effective method in perinatal propaedeutics, adding greater security in the management of these high-pregnant women risk suffering from hypertension, diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Objectives: To study the placental thickness in low-risk pregnant women and women with hypertensive syndromes of pregnancies, IUGR and diabetes mellitus; search for possible associations between placental thickness diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography and immediately after birth; seek possible association between placental thickness and perinatal outcomes. Methodology: Cross-sectional, prospective, observational study of a group of pregnant women with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restriction to be compared to a control group. Such a study was carried out between the months of October 2013 and February 2015. The first group consisted of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, the second group consisted of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the third group consisted of pregnant women with IUGR and the fourth group, of low-risk pregnant women. During the hospitalization of the patient, six measures of placental thickness were performed by ultrasound examination. The placentas were examined macroscopically right after birth, to evaluated the placental thickness, performing five cuts transversely. With a total of six slices, the thickness measurement was performed with a digital equipment at the center point of each slice. Results: Total sample of this study consisted of 83 patients, 30 healthy patients with low-risk pregnancy, 20 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, 17 with diabetes and 16 women with intrauterine growth restriction, and of these, eight had also pre-eclampsia associated with. Evaluating the correlation between measures of placental thickness of each slice, mesuared by ultrasound and macroscopic examination, there was a significant but weak correlation between the first (r = 0,26; p = 0,02) and sixth (r = 0,28; p<0,01) slices and a significant and moderate correlation between the third (r = 0,33; p = 0,02), fourth (r = 0,41; p<0,0001) and fifth (r = 0,38; p<0,0001) slices. As to the correlation between the average thickness at the macroscopic to the average thickness at ultrasound, separeted by groups, there was a significant correlation in the IUGR group (r = 0,60; p<0,05). Conclusions: measures of placental thickness evaluated by antepartum ultrasound and macroscopic examination of the placenta after birth, have a positive and significant correlation, regardless of the diseases of pregnant women prior or during pregnancy; there was no correlation between the average thickness of the placenta in postpartum measures with the average thickness of the antepartum ultrasound measures in groups of BXR, SHG and DM, but there was moderate correlation in the IUGR group; the division of the placenta into slices both ultrasound examination as at the macroscopic examination after delivery showed a low but significant correlation between the third slices and a positive and significant correlation between the first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth slices between the methods of measurement. There was no correlation between the measurements of placental thickness antenatal or postnatal with perinatal outcomes. By the findings of this study, it is recommended that the placental thickness measurement by ultrasound should be performed in the center of the placental disk, corresponding to the third or fourth slice. / Introdução: A medida da espessura placentária pode se constituir em um marcador clínico importante para a predição de recém-nascidos afetados pela restrição de fluxo sanguíneo uteroplacentário. Com estabelecimento de técnica simples e barata, após o nascimento, e de posse de resultados ultrassonográficos obtidos previamente durante a gestação, acrescenta-se mais um método de baixo custo e eficácia preditiva acurada na propedêutica perinatal, adicionando maior segurança no manejo destas gestantes de alto risco portadoras de doença hipertensiva, diabetes melito e crescimento intrauterino restrito (CIUR). Objetivos: Estudar a espessura placentária em gestantes de baixo risco e portadoras de Síndromes Hipertensivas da Gestações, CIUR e Diabetes melito; buscar possíveis associações entre a espessura placentária diagnosticada ao exame ultrassonográfico pré-natal e imediatamente após o nascimento; buscar possível associação entre a espessura placentária e desfechos perinatais. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, prospectivo e observacional de um grupo de gestantes portadoras de doença hipertensiva, diabetes melito e crescimento intrauterino restrito que foi comparado a um grupo controle. Tal estudo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de outubro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2015. O primeiro grupo foi constituído de gestantes portadoras de diabetes mellitus gestacional, o segundo grupo, foi constituído de gestantes portadoras de síndromes hipertensivas da gestação, o terceiro grupo foi constituído por gestantes portadoras de CIUR e, o quarto grupo, por gestantes de baixo risco. Durante a internação hospitalar da parturiente foram realizadas seis medidas de espessura placentária pelo exame de ultrassonografia. As placentas foram examinadas macroscopicamente logo após o nascimento sendo avaliada a espessura placentária, realizando-se cinco cortes no sentido transversal da placenta. Com um total de seis fatias, a medida da espessura foi realizada com um especímetro digital no ponto central de cada fatia. Resultados: amostra total deste estudo foi constituída por 82 pacientes, sendo 29 pacientes hígidas, com gestação de baixo risco, 20 portadoras de síndromes hipertensivas da gestação, 17 portadoras de diabetes melito e 16 portadoras de crescimento intrauterino restrito, sendo que dessas, 8 apresentavam, também, PE associada. Quando se buscou a correlação entre as medidas das espessuras placentárias de cada fatia, avaliadas pela ecografia e macroscopia, houve correlação fraca porém significante entre as primeiras (r = 0,26; p = 0,02) e sextas fatias (r = 0,28; p<0,01) e correlação moderada e significante entre as terceiras (r = 0,33; p = 0,02), quartas (r = 0,41; p<0,0001) e quintas (r = 0,38; p<0,0001) fatias. Quando buscou-se a correlação entre a espessura média na macroscopia com a espessura média na ecografia, por grupos de estudo, observou-se correlação moderada e significante no grupo de crescimento restrito (r = 0,60; p<0,05). Conclusões: as medidas da espessura placentária avaliadas pela ultrassonografia anteparto e ao exame macroscópico da placenta após o nascimento, possuem uma correlação positiva e significante, independente de as gestantes serem ou não portadoras de patologias prévias ou durante a gravidez; não houve correlação entre a espessura média da placenta na macroscopia pós-parto com a espessura média à ecografia nos grupos de BXR, SHG e DM, porém houve correlação moderada no grupo de CIUR; a divisão da placenta em fatias tanto no exame de ultrassonografia como no exame macroscópico após o parto mostrou uma correlação positiva e significante entre as primeiras, terceiras, quartas, quintas e sextas fatias, entre os métodos de medida; não houve correlação entre as medidas da espessura placentária antenatal e pós-natal com as diversas variáveis perinatais. Pelos achados do presente estudo, recomenda-se que de forma sistemática a medida da espessura placentária pela ultrassonografia seja realizada no centro do disco placentário, ou seja, na terceira ou quarta fatia.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-03T17:07:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dulcinea Luzia de Oliveira Lima Marques.pdf: 1782106 bytes, checksum: 004f6a4a517b9e777f74bc04168ea7c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T17:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dulcinea Luzia de Oliveira Lima Marques.pdf: 1782106 bytes, checksum: 004f6a4a517b9e777f74bc04168ea7c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / As atividades desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro nos Bancos de Sangue de Cordão Umbilical Placentário demanda alta complexidade assistencial e funcional, fato que imputam a responsabilidade de identificar situações que devam ser avaliadas, pesquisadas e reformuladas, como por exemplo os critérios de doação de sangue de cordão umbilical e placentário (SCUP), critérios de inclusão e exclusão de doadoras, padronização de técnicas e demais situações que envolvem a atuação do enfermeiro. A celularidade tem sido alvo de atenção por parte dos enfermeiros, devido a necessidade de obtenção de um número adequado células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Este estudo objetivou discutir a associação entre a celularidade do sangue do cordão umbilical e placentário e a hipertensão arterial e; traçar perfil das gestantes com hipertensão arterial e sem hipertensão arterial. A metodologia correspondeu a um estudo observacional do tipo caso-controle. O local da pesquisa foi o Hospital Maternidade Oswaldo de Nazareth e o Laboratório de Processamento e Criopreservação do Instituto Nacional de Câncer e os sujeitos do estudo foram setenta de três gestantes internadas, e que tiveram o sangue de cordão umbilical e placentário coletados após a dequitação. A análise estatística foi processada pelo software estatístico SAS® System, versão 6.11 e o critério de determinação de significância adotado foi o nível de 5%. A análise estatística apresentou resultados satisfatórios, constatamos que a celularidade inicial do sangue do cordão umbilical de gestantes hipertensas não apresentou diferença significativa comparado com a celularidade de gestantes não-hipertensas. Das bolsas de SCUP coletas de gestantes hipertensas, 80% apresentou celularidade ≥ 5 x 108 e 20% celularidade < 5 x 108 (de acordo com padrão estabelecido pela RDC 56). A partir deste estudo, podemos concluir que gestantes com hipertensão arterial apresentaram uma quantidade adequada no total de células nucleadas, atendendo aos critérios estabelecidos pela RDC 56. Com base nestes resultados e com a intensificação de pesquisas neste campo, sugerimos a reavaliação dos critérios de doação do sangue do cordão umbilical e placentário das gestantes com hipertensão arterial. A celularidade do SCUP apresentou uma relação positiva com alguns fatores neonatais e características da placenta/cordão, o conhecimento destes fatores permitirá as equipes dos BSCUP, a identificação de características importantes relacionadas à mãe, ao recém-nascido e as características da placenta e do cordão que possam otimizar o quantitativo de células obtidas do SCUP. / The activities performed by nurses in the Blood Banks Umbilical Cord Placental high demand and functional complexity of care, a fact that indirectly responsible to identify situations that should be evaluated, researched and reworked, such as the criteria for donation of umbilical cord blood and placental (SCUP), inclusion and exclusion criteria for donors, standardization of techniques and other situations that involve the performance of nurses. WBC has been the subject of attention from nurses, due to the need to obtain an adequate number of hematopoietic stem cells. This study aimed to discuss the relation between cellularity and cord blood and placental and hypertension, a profile of pregnant women with hypertension and no hypertension. The methodology corresponded to an observational case-control. The research site was the Maternity Hospital and Oswaldo de Nazareth Processing and Cryopreservation Laboratory of the National Cancer Institute and the study subjects were pregnant women admitted seventy three, and had the blood of the umbilical cord and placenta collected after dequitação. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS ® System software, version 6.11 and the criterion for determining significance was set at 5%. Statistical analysis showed satisfactory results, we found that the initial cellular cord blood of pregnant women with hypertension showed no significant difference compared with the cellularity of pregnant women not hypertensive. SCUP collections of the stock of pregnant women with hypertension, 80% had WBC ≥ 5 x 108 and 20% cellularity <5 x 108 (according to standards established by the DRC 56). From this study, we conclude that pregnant women with hypertension had an adequate amount of total nucleated cells, meeting the criteria established by the RDC 56. Based on these results and the intensification of research in this field, we suggest a reassessment of the criteria for donation of umbilical cord blood and placenta of pregnant women with hypertension. The cellularity of the SCUP presented a positive relationship with some factors and characteristics of neonatal placental / cord, the knowledge of these factors will allow teams of BSCUP, the identification of important features related to the mother, the newborn and the characteristics of the placenta and umbilical that can optimize the quantity of cells obtained from SCUP.