Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the process of vein pattern formation in plant tissues. The most widely accepted amongst biologists is the canalization hypothesis, derived from pea root and stem experiments. According to this hypothesis, a signal, thought to be the phytohormone auxin, is transported polarly from cell to cell from the shoot to the root and is canalized progressively into narrow channels of high auxin fluxes that later differentiate to become vascular tissue. In this project, we set out to test whether auxin canalization drives vein pattern formation, using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with increased auxin transport (max4-1, max3-9, max2-1 and max1-1). We predicted that the mutants would have distinct vein patterns and especially different angles between the primary and secondary veins, compared to the wild type. First rosette leaves of 15 plants per genotype were harvested for analysis each day from 7 to 17 days after sowing, giving a total of eight hundred twenty-five leaf samples to analyze. Venation patterns were extracted and analyzed using custom-made software written with Matlab. Overall, compared with the wild type, mutants with the highest auxin transport (max4-1 and max3-9) had different vein patterns at early developmental stages, confirming a role for auxin transport in vein patterning. However, veins of mutants and wild type connected at similar angles, which is not consistent with the auxin canalization hypothesis, as originally formulated.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the process of vein pattern formation in plant tissues. The most widely accepted amongst biologists is the canalization hypothesis, derived from pea root and stem experiments. According to this hypothesis, a signal, thought to be the phytohormone auxin, is transported polarly from cell to cell from the shoot to the root and is canalized progressively into narrow channels of high auxin fluxes that later differentiate to become vascular tissue. In this project, we set out to test whether auxin canalization drives vein pattern formation, using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with increased auxin transport (max4-1, max3-9, max2-1 and max1-1). We predicted that the mutants would have distinct vein patterns and especially different angles between the primary and secondary veins, compared to the wild type. First rosette leaves of 15 plants per genotype were harvested for analysis each day from 7 to 17 days after sowing, giving a total of eight hundred twenty-five leaf samples to analyze. Venation patterns were extracted and analyzed using custom-made software written with Matlab. Overall, compared with the wild type, mutants with the highest auxin transport (max4-1 and max3-9) had different vein patterns at early developmental stages, confirming a role for auxin transport in vein patterning. However, veins of mutants and wild type connected at similar angles, which is not consistent with the auxin canalization hypothesis, as originally formulated.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the process of vein pattern formation in plant tissues. The most widely accepted amongst biologists is the canalization hypothesis, derived from pea root and stem experiments. According to this hypothesis, a signal, thought to be the phytohormone auxin, is transported polarly from cell to cell from the shoot to the root and is canalized progressively into narrow channels of high auxin fluxes that later differentiate to become vascular tissue. In this project, we set out to test whether auxin canalization drives vein pattern formation, using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with increased auxin transport (max4-1, max3-9, max2-1 and max1-1). We predicted that the mutants would have distinct vein patterns and especially different angles between the primary and secondary veins, compared to the wild type. First rosette leaves of 15 plants per genotype were harvested for analysis each day from 7 to 17 days after sowing, giving a total of eight hundred twenty-five leaf samples to analyze. Venation patterns were extracted and analyzed using custom-made software written with Matlab. Overall, compared with the wild type, mutants with the highest auxin transport (max4-1 and max3-9) had different vein patterns at early developmental stages, confirming a role for auxin transport in vein patterning. However, veins of mutants and wild type connected at similar angles, which is not consistent with the auxin canalization hypothesis, as originally formulated.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Behrooz Abbasi, for the Master of Science Degree in Mining and Mineral Resources Engineering, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale TITLE: A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF MINE INTERSECTIONS AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR STABILITY MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Yoginder P. Chugh Back ground: Partial extraction room-and-pillar mining systems provide about 60 % of the underground coal mined in the USA. This mining system develops 3-way and 4-way intersections. Rock falls related to fatal and nonfatal injuries in the USA for the period 2002 to 2007 identified that about 70% of these falls occur at intersections even though they represent only about 20-25 % of the area mined. A recent study on 2004 to 2008 roof-falls data base (RFDB) for Illinois mines, found that over 80% of these falls occurred at intersections. Thus, there is a significant need to improve stability of coal mine intersections if fatal and nonfatal injuries are to be controlled. The overall goal of this research is to develop an improved scientific understanding of stress distribution and instability around a 4-way intersection. An additional goal is to evaluate primary and secondary support layouts for improved stability around 4-way intersections. The following specific tasks were established for this research. * Perform 3-D numerical analyses to develop a better understanding of stress, strain and displacement distributions and associated instabilities around a 4-way intersection to identify ground support requirements. * Identify primary and secondary supports systems that may be suited to meet ground support requirements in (1) above. * Perform numerical analyses with identified primary and secondary supports installed to assess improvements in stability around an intersection. Analyses results show that pillar ribs across an intersection fail first and lead to progressive failure of immediate roof layers. The failure of immediate roof layers extends about 1.8m. In detail, coal ribs around the intersection corners mostly fail due to tensile stress, while roof and floor strata fail due to shear stresses and rib center fail due to combination of shear and tension mechanism. Primary supports significantly improve stability, but they are not adequate to ensure stability of four-way intersections. Secondary supports are needed to further improve stability of intersections. Also, based on the failure analysis a new secondary support system plan was proposed and analyzed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12525.pdf: 1055344 bytes, checksum: ae0cd6613d1acfbee910348baac5b53f (MD5) / Introdução: No ambiente escolar o professor, além de ser importante modelo, é aliado potencial na construção de conhecimentos sobre temas da área de nutrição. Objetivo: Conhecer as concepções e práticas de professores de ciências do ensino fundamental sobre alimentação e nutrição. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em seis escolas do ensino fundamental do Município de Santos, São Paulo. Utilizou-se questionário para coleta de dados onde as informações foram preenchidas por docentes dos 4º e 5º anos. Resultados e discussão: A totalidade de participantes da pesquisa n = 32 é do sexo feminino e tem idade entre 29 e 67 anos, 29 docentes possuem nível superior. Em relação à concepção dos docentes sobre alimentação e nutrição, observaram-se conceitos inadequados sobre alimentos substitutos ou equivalentes. Além disto, a interpretação sobre alimentação saudável mostrou-se equivocada, pois condicionou presença de restrições alimentares. Entre as estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas para a abordagem do tema alimentação saudável na prática docente, se encontrou: leitura e pesquisas em jornais e revistas, livros didáticos, discussões, diálogos, conversas informais, entrevistas, confecção de cartazes, montagem de painéis, utilização de outros recursos áudio-visuais, laboratório de informática, dramatização, experiências e vivências de cada um. Sobre experiências das professoras em relação ao uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação se observou que a percepção das mesmas sobre o uso do ambiente virtual é propícia a trocas de experiências, representando um local que permite aprendizagens para a formação das docentes e enriquecendo e auxiliando na aquisição de seus conhecimentos. Considerações finais: Observou-se nesse estudo que alguns conteúdos sobre alimentação e nutrição se mostraram equivocados na concepção dos docentes, refletindo na necessidade de processo de formação destes. Em relação às práticas pedagógicas relatadas, estas se apresentaram bastante diversificadas para a abordagem do tema. Porém, há necessidade de realizar mais pesquisas incluindo outras populações que possam orientar o processo de ensino aprendizagem, para os 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental, na construção de conhecimentos sobre alimentação e nutrição de alunos e professores. Palavras chave: alimentação saudável, professores de ciências, prática docente e ensino fundamental. / Introduction: The teacher in the school environment, besides being an important model, is a potential ally to the knowledge construction on topics of nutrition area. Objective: Cognize the conceptions and practices of science teachers of elementary school about food and nutrition. Methodology: This is a transversal study with qualitative methodological strategy, realized in six elementary schools in Santos city, São Paulo. It was used a questionnaire to collect data where the information was filled by 4th and 5th years teachers. Results and Discussion: All participants of the survey n = 32 are female and aged between 26 and 67 years old, where 29 have higher education. Considering the teachers knowledge about food and nutrition, it was observed inappropriate concepts about food substitutes or equivalent. Beside, the interpretation of healthy feeding habits proved to be wrong, by using feeding restrictions. Among the teaching strategies used to approach the topic healthy eating in teaching practice, we found: reading and researches on the newspaper and magazines, didactic books, discussion, dialog, informal conversations, interviews, posters, panels, multi-media resources, computer laboratory, theater, personal experiences exchange. About the teachers experiences in the use of Information and Communication Technologies, their perceptions was that the virtual ambient can be an experience trade, representing a learning local of teachers formation enriching and helping the knowledge acquisition. Final considerations: Was observed in this study that some content about food and nutrition was proved wrong in teachers conceptions, reflecting the necessity of a formation process to them. And the pedagogical practices reported by the teachers was proved very diversified to show the theme. But, more researches are necessary, including other populations that may guide the process of teaching, for 4th and 5th years of environmental education in the knowledge construction about food and nutrition for students and teachers. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Submitted by Priscila Nascimento (pnascimento@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2013-04-04T18:30:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANA_GARRIDO.pdf: 1844143 bytes, checksum: d5871c9bb040b9ff2d7d874fe8830d3f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Priscila Nascimento(pnascimento@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2013-04-04T19:13:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANA_GARRIDO.pdf: 1844143 bytes, checksum: d5871c9bb040b9ff2d7d874fe8830d3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-04T19:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANA_GARRIDO.pdf: 1844143 bytes, checksum: d5871c9bb040b9ff2d7d874fe8830d3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Esse estudo teve como objetivo apresentar os resultados sobre a discussão da percepção de meio ambiente apresentada por alunos dos 1º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola da rede pública do município de Duque de Caxias no estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2011. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram a elaboração de desenhos, entrevistas e análise de gravuras. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos de 1º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental apresentam uma percepção naturalista de meio ambiente. Entretanto, os alunos também demonstraram perceber problemas ambientais presentes no cotidiano. Portanto, os resultados apontaram que, embora os alunos ainda tenham percepção fragmentada de meio ambiente, eles percebem muitos aspectos relacionados às suas vidas. Esperamos que este estudo possa fomentar a discussão do trabalho efetivo sobre a Educação Ambiental Crítica desde os primeiros anos de escolaridade. / This study has the goal to present the results under discussion of the perception about the environment, produced by students of 1st and 5th years of elementary school. The study was conducted in a public school in the Duque de Caxias city, Rio de Janeiro state at a period of February to August 2011. The instruments of data collection were drawings, interviews and pictures. The results showed that students of 1st and 5th years of elementary school have a perception of naturalistic environment. However, students also demonstrated perceive environmental problems in the everyday. Therefore, we conclude that, although students still have fragmented perception of the environment, they perceive many aspects related with their lives. We hope this study will encourage discussion about the Critical Environmental Education from the earliest years of schooling.

Na atualidade do Brasil, os debates que versam sobre Direitos Humanos e aparato policial ganham maior força e evidência nas conversas informais, nas redes sociais, na mídia em geral e, também, nos bancos acadêmicos. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação, que se insere na linha de pesquisa que estuda violência, criminalidade e cidadania, visou saber quais são as práticas e as percepções sobre Direitos Humanos nas escolas de formação de praças no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Então, o objeto de estudo são os cursos da Brigada Militar, compostos por soldados e sargentos que estavam em curso de formação nas cidades de Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Montenegro e Esteio. A metodologia de pesquisa lançou mão de entrevistas abertas e grupos focais, na busca de dados qualitativos, e dessa forma visou uma amostra equitativa em cada escola. Assim, em cada uma delas foi entrevistado um grupo de alunos, e desse grupo alguns alunos foram convidados a participar do grupo focal. Foram aplicadas 83 entrevistas abertas, além de 23 participantes ouvidos com o mesmo roteiro nos grupos focais, totalizando 106 alunos. Além da pesquisa de campo, também foram realizados estudos a partir de referenciais teóricos que ajudaram a compreender o processo de formação a partir de uma ótica sociológica. Também foi possível conhecer a história da corporação com relação ao ensino em sua trajetória a partir da formação iniciada em 1982 e chegando aos dias atuais. Conceituar Direitos Humanos também foi um objetivo alcançado na dissertação, especialmente as três gerações que tratam de direitos individuais, direitos sociais e direitos transindividuais. Com base na pesquisa empírica, e tendo em mente as conceituações acima elencadas, foi possível verificar que considerável parcela dos alunos tem seus Direitos Humanos violados, figurando uma das respostas à pergunta de partida desta dissertação em sua última parte, sabendo como são as práticas e as percepções sobre Direitos Humanos nas escolas de formação de soldados e sargentos da Brigada Militar. / Currently in Brazil public debate on police work and Human Rights gain wider repercussion. This dissertation aims at making a contribution to the understanding of the practices and perceptions over Human Rights according to the views manifested by new police recruits to the Brigada Militar, the military police of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, while attending to mandatory formal training prior to their appointment on active duty from 11/09/12 to 19/04/13. A total of 106 students, comprehending private soldiers and sergeants, engaged in the research. This number encompasses part of the students who attended to training courses in the cities of Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Montenegro and Esteio. As a methodology to gather qualitative data for the purpose of the analysis, there have been employed an openended written questionnaire and focal groups. In total, 83 questionnaires and 23 focal groups have been conducted. The theoretical frame work entangles the sociological perspective over the material collected in the research field. From this study, it is possible to make known aspects of the institutional history with specific regard to the teaching within the police corporation in Rio Grande do Sul, from 1982 up to the present days. An effort has been made in conceptualizing Human Rights underits three generations: individual rights, social rights and transindividual rights. Based on the empirical research and bearing in mind the concepts listed above, there has been possible to address questions over the practices and perceptions about Human Rights as manifested by those police recruits of the Brigada Militar.

The title of the thesis is The Possibilities of Strategic Tourism Development in the Strakonice District and it was written in the academic year 2009/2010. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the primary and secondary potential of tourism development in the Strakonice district, to suggest the possibilities of strategic tourism development and define its priorities and precautions on behalf of the executed analysis. The partial aim of the thesis is defining the examined area and its situation analysis. The other part focuses on collecting the primary (questionnaire survey) and secondary (literature, internet, magazines...) data, SWOT analysis and problem analysis. The conclusion of the thesis is dedicated to evaluating these two analyses, explaining the priorities and measures, that should increase the numbers and level of tourism in given region. Nonetheless does the conclusion of the thesis include confirming or contradicting operational hypothesis set in advance. After evaluation of recent state of sights of culturally-historical interest, natural potential, accommodation and catering facilities, traffic and supporting infrastructure, economical situation, tourism organisations and SWOT analysis, a vision for the forthcoming period of time was set. According to this vision, the Strakonice district should, thanks to its varied places of attractiveness offer, become a competitive and prospering area in terms of tourism. For reaching this state, the conclusion sets four aims, which are further concretized in respective priorities and measures. These aims, priorities and measures are based on the conceptions of tourism evolution for both Czech Republic and South Bohemian Region. The given aims include development and improvement of tourism infrastructure and services, increasing the propagation of given district, improvement of the recent state and building a new traffic infrastructure and transport services. The last aim focuses on wider interconnection of tourism subjects, which requires opening a destination management office at first place.

The aim of this thesis was to formulate possibilities of strategic tourism development in the area Nová Paka. This region, although not one of the best known tourist destinations of the Czech Republic, it certainly has enough natural and cultural-historical potential for tourism necessary. In addition, it is situated in a strategic location between the Giant Mountains and the Bohemian paradise. In 2005 Novopacko also incorporated in Czech Paradise Geopark, which belongs to the European Geoparks Network. Tourism should become one of the priorities for the development of the territory and improvement of the situation of the population. This can be particularly achieved by effective use of primary and secondary upgrading of tourism potential. The information found on the basis of marketing research and a SWOT analysis were divided into three thematic units - the natural and cultural-historical potential, basic and accompanying infrastructure and promotion of the region. Subsequently a vision, priorities and measures for development of tourism in Nova Paka were established.

Na atualidade do Brasil, os debates que versam sobre Direitos Humanos e aparato policial ganham maior força e evidência nas conversas informais, nas redes sociais, na mídia em geral e, também, nos bancos acadêmicos. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação, que se insere na linha de pesquisa que estuda violência, criminalidade e cidadania, visou saber quais são as práticas e as percepções sobre Direitos Humanos nas escolas de formação de praças no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Então, o objeto de estudo são os cursos da Brigada Militar, compostos por soldados e sargentos que estavam em curso de formação nas cidades de Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Montenegro e Esteio. A metodologia de pesquisa lançou mão de entrevistas abertas e grupos focais, na busca de dados qualitativos, e dessa forma visou uma amostra equitativa em cada escola. Assim, em cada uma delas foi entrevistado um grupo de alunos, e desse grupo alguns alunos foram convidados a participar do grupo focal. Foram aplicadas 83 entrevistas abertas, além de 23 participantes ouvidos com o mesmo roteiro nos grupos focais, totalizando 106 alunos. Além da pesquisa de campo, também foram realizados estudos a partir de referenciais teóricos que ajudaram a compreender o processo de formação a partir de uma ótica sociológica. Também foi possível conhecer a história da corporação com relação ao ensino em sua trajetória a partir da formação iniciada em 1982 e chegando aos dias atuais. Conceituar Direitos Humanos também foi um objetivo alcançado na dissertação, especialmente as três gerações que tratam de direitos individuais, direitos sociais e direitos transindividuais. Com base na pesquisa empírica, e tendo em mente as conceituações acima elencadas, foi possível verificar que considerável parcela dos alunos tem seus Direitos Humanos violados, figurando uma das respostas à pergunta de partida desta dissertação em sua última parte, sabendo como são as práticas e as percepções sobre Direitos Humanos nas escolas de formação de soldados e sargentos da Brigada Militar. / Currently in Brazil public debate on police work and Human Rights gain wider repercussion. This dissertation aims at making a contribution to the understanding of the practices and perceptions over Human Rights according to the views manifested by new police recruits to the Brigada Militar, the military police of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, while attending to mandatory formal training prior to their appointment on active duty from 11/09/12 to 19/04/13. A total of 106 students, comprehending private soldiers and sergeants, engaged in the research. This number encompasses part of the students who attended to training courses in the cities of Porto Alegre, Santa Maria, Montenegro and Esteio. As a methodology to gather qualitative data for the purpose of the analysis, there have been employed an openended written questionnaire and focal groups. In total, 83 questionnaires and 23 focal groups have been conducted. The theoretical frame work entangles the sociological perspective over the material collected in the research field. From this study, it is possible to make known aspects of the institutional history with specific regard to the teaching within the police corporation in Rio Grande do Sul, from 1982 up to the present days. An effort has been made in conceptualizing Human Rights underits three generations: individual rights, social rights and transindividual rights. Based on the empirical research and bearing in mind the concepts listed above, there has been possible to address questions over the practices and perceptions about Human Rights as manifested by those police recruits of the Brigada Militar.