Socialstyrelsen menar att primärvården står inför en utmaning att tillgodose tillgänglig psykologisk behandling till ett växande behov. Ett möjligt tillvägagångssätt skulle kunna vara Integrerad beteendehälsa som eftersträvar att kunna erbjuda korta psykologiska interventioner med hög tillgänglighet. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att jämföra två varianter av Integrerad beteendehälsa; ett sedvanligt upplägg med Brief Interventions och ett upplägg med utökad bedömning och möjligheten till vägledd självhjälp för ett specifikt problem. Det här med avseende på generella symtom och symtom specifika för just det problem som patienter erhållit självhjälp för, alternativt bedömts skulle ha passat för självhjälp avseende ett specifikt problem. Resultaten visade att den generella symtomnivån förbättrades för gruppen som helhet, samt inom respektive grupp. Den problemspecifika symtomnivån sjönk för både patienter som erhållit vägledd självhjälp och för patienter som erhållit Brief Interventions men vars problemprofil visat att de hade passat för en specifik självhjälpsmanual. Någon signifikant skillnad i symtomförändring, oavsett generell eller problemspecifik, kunde inte hittas. I diskussionen problematiseras bland annat den interna validiteten och den naturalistiska miljön lyfts som en styrka. / The national board of health and wellfare are stating that primary care faces a major challenge in providing available psychological treatment to an increasing need. One possible approach is Integrated Behavioral Health, which strives towards offering brief psychological interventions with great access. The purpose of the following study was to compare two different methods of Integrated Behavioral Health; an ordinary set up with Brief Interventions and one set up with extended assesment and the possibility of guided self-help treatment for a particular problem. This regarding general as well as specific symptoms for the particular problem the patient has received guided self-help for, or considered to have been suited for. The results showed that the general level of symptoms improved for all patients, merged into one group, and within the respective group. The level of the problem-specific symptom decreased for patients who received guided self-help and for patients who received Brief Interventions, but whose problem profile showed that they had fit for a specific self-help manual. No significant difference in symptom change, regardless of general or problem- specific, could be found. In the discussion, the internal validity is discussed, and the naturalistic environment is described as a strength.

Primärvårdens uppdrag innefattar behandling av psykisk ohälsa och för närvarande överstiger behandlingsbehovet vårdnivåns resurser. Integrerad beteendehälsa (IBH) är en organisationsmodell för primärvård som tidseffektivt tillgängliggör psykologisk behandling. Föreliggande pilotstudie ägde rum under perioden januari till april 2019 på vårdcentralen Centrum, som arbetade enligt modellen för IBH. Syftet för studien var att utvärdera effekterna av behandling med Brief Interventions (BI) respektive vägledd självhjälp avseende patienternas vardagliga funktionsnivå, livskvalitet och symtom. Mätningar genomfördes innan behandling påbörjades, efter fyra veckor samt efter åtta veckor. Vidare undersöktes processfaktorer, så som hur stor andel av patienterna som skulle kunna tillgodogöra sig behandling med självhjälp, samt huruvida införande av en sådan behandling skulle kunna vara motiverad i primärvårdsmiljö utifrån tidseffektivitetsperspektiv. Totalt randomiserades 41 patienter mellan behandling med BI respektive en utökad bedömning följt av behandling med vägledd självhjälp. De patienter som vid den utökade bedömningen inte befanns lämpliga för vägledd självhjälp fick behandling med BI. Sammantaget fullföljde 29 patienter behandling inom ramen för studien. Resultaten visade att både BI och självhjälp förbättrade patienternas vardagliga funktionsnivå, livskvalitet och symtomnivå, samt att det fanns få skillnader i behandlingsutfall mellan grupperna. Tidsåtgången för personalen var större för behandling med självhjälp jämfört med BI. Vidare forskning behövs för att utvärdera psykologisk behandling anpassad till primärvården. / A commitment of primary care is mental health treatment. At present the need for treatment exceeds accessible resources. Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) is a model of organization of primary care with the aim to make access to mental treatment from a time-efficiency perspective. The present study was conducted between January and April 2019 at Vårdcentralen Centrum, a primary care unit organized in accordance with PCBH. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with Brief Interventions (BI) and guided self-help regarding daily functioning, quality of life and aggregate level of symptoms. Self-assessments were filled out by the patients before treatment, at FU4 and at FU8. Furthermore, proportion of patients suitable for self-help treatment was examined, and whether introduction of such a treatment might be justified in the context of primary care on basis of time effectiveness approach. In overall, 41 patients were randomized to two conditions: BI treatment and, respectively, extended assessment with subsequent self-help treatment. Participants, not found suitable for self-help at the extended assessment, got treatment with BI. Within the study, 29 patients went through treatment. The results showed that groups treated with BI and self-help had improved significantly between before treatment and FU8 regarding daily functioning, quality of life and level of symptoms. There were in general little differences in improvement between the two groups. Furthermore, timescale for the group that got extended assessment and subsequent self-help treatment, was significantly larger than timescale for the group that got BI treatment. For future research, evaluation of short-term forms of mental treatment in primary care ought to be relevant.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2015-04-30T12:12:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Vieira Cariry.pdf: 1014562 bytes, checksum: 695277f43d05386551478d66ceda3c29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-30T12:12:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Vieira Cariry.pdf: 1014562 bytes, checksum: 695277f43d05386551478d66ceda3c29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-05 / Introduction: The expansion of Family Health Estrategy in Brazil requires a construction of indicators that will evaluate the coherence of the approach effectively carried through and their guiding principles. The register in patient records is important for managers in health because it represents an indicator of quality in primary care. It can also work as an instrument of legal and ethical support for the professionals in charge of patient care, and helps in diagnosis and choosing of treatment. Objective: Evaluate the use of patient records by employees and managers of Primary Care in cities of hinterland of Paraiba state. Methodology: A semi-structured questionnaire with questions about biodemographic data and practical actions of healthcare professionals and managers towards the use of patient records was applied. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. Results: From analysis of the questionnaires, seven thematic categories that reflects the position of the group on the use of health records and their variables emerged: the need for a computerized system; incentive for use of records and information system; insatisfaction with manual registers; lack of knowledge of information systems; desire to classify all phases of care; uncertainty with regard to computerized system; and devaluation of records in Health. Conclusion: Managers and professionals must understand the importance of the use of patient records, in all their forms of presentation, for the process of health assistance managing as well as they should develop the stimuli in themselves and in their colleagues to make correct use of this instrument. / Introdução: A expansão da Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Brasil torna necessária a construção de indicadores que avaliem a coerência da abordagem efetivamente realizada e os seus princípios orientadores. O registro em prontuário é importante para os gestores em saúde, pois representa um indicador de qualidade da atenção básica. Também pode se constituir em instrumento para respaldo ético e legal aos profissionais responsáveis pelo cuidado ao paciente, bem como auxiliar na construção de diagnósticos e escolha de tratamentos empregados. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de prontuários pelos profissionais e gestores da Atenção Básica em municípios do sertão paraibano. Metodologia: Foi aplicado entre os participantes um questionário semiestruturado com perguntas sobre dados biodemográficos e questões relacionadas a atitudes práticas do profissional de saúde ou gestor frente à utilização do prontuário. Foi realizada a análise descritiva de todas as variáveis. Resultados: Emergiram da análise sete temáticas de discussão que refletem o posicionamento dos grupos pesquisados sobre o uso de registros e saúde e suas variáveis: necessidade de sistema informatizado, incentivo para o uso do prontuário e sistema informatizado; insatisfação com o registro manual; pouco conhecimento sobre sistemas de informação; desejo de classificar todas as fases do atendimento, insegurança quanto ao sistema informatizado; e desvalorização dos registros em saúde. Conclusão: Gestores e profissionais devem compreender a importância de uso do prontuário, nas suas mais diferentes formas de apresentação, para o processo de gestão da assistência na saúde, bem como devem desenvolver estímulo em si mesmos e nos seus colegas para a correta utilização desse instrumento.

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Despite its importance, mental health provisions are often limited. In 2015, Indonesia had only 773 psychiatrists for 250 million residents. This shortage of specialist mental health professionals is shared by most Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and is reflected in the Treatment Gaps in this region indicating the very small proportion of people who receive adequate mental health care for their needs. While the median worldwide Treatment Gap for psychosis is 32.2% (Kohn et al., 2004), in Indonesia it is more than 90%. Experts suggested integrating mental health care into primary care, to help bridge this gap (Mendenhall et al., 2014). The systematic introduction of the World Health Organization Mental Health Gap Action Programme into primary care clinics across Indonesia and the presence of a 15-year-old co-location of Clinical Psychologists in Yogyakarta province's primary care clinics presented an opportunity to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of both frameworks. Methods This research ("the trial") set out to develop an approach, and then implement it, to compare the adapted WHO mhGAP framework with the existing specialist framework within primary mental health services in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through a pragmatic, two-arm cluster randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. This design enabled an examination of patients derived from whole populations in a 'real world' setting. The trial involved two phases: a pilot study in June 2016 with the objectives to refine data collection procedures and to serve as a practice run for clinicians involved in the trial; as well as a substantive trial beginning in December 2016. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was established as a 'fairly accurate' screening tool using a Receiver Operating Curve study. Using the GHQ scoring method of 0-0-1-1, a threshold of 1/2 was identified for use in clinical setting, i.e. the context of the trial. The primary outcome was the health and social functioning of participants as measured by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) and secondary outcomes were disability as measured by WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), quality of life as measured by European Quality of Life Scale (EQ‐5D-3L), and cost of intervention evaluated from a health services perspective, which aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of both frameworks at six months. Results During the recruitment period, 4944 adult primary care patients attended 27 participating primary care centres. Following screening (n=1484) and in-depth psychiatric interviews (n=394), 174 WHO mhGAP arm and 151 Specialist arm participants received a formal diagnosis and were recruited into the trial. The number of required participants per treatment arm, to provide statistical power of 0.80 and statistical bilateral significance value of 0.05 was estimated to be 96. A total of 153 participants of the WHO mhGAP arm and 141 of the Specialist arm were followed-up at six months, representing 90.8% of all participants diagnosed. At follow-up, 82% (n=126) participants of the WHO mhGAP arm indicated they had attended at least one treatment session during the trial, significantly more than in the Specialist Arm (69%; n=97), 2 = 7.364, p=0.007. The WHO mhGAP arm was proven to be statistically not inferior to the Specialist arm in reducing symptoms of social and physical impairment, reducing disability, and improving health-related quality of life at six months. Cost-effectiveness analyses show that the Specialist arm was dominant for a unit of improvement in patient outcomes at six months. While the framework is more expensive for the Health System, participants in the Specialist arm were found to have larger improvements. Conclusion Given that both frameworks yielded positive patient outcomes, there is no immediate need to increase the absolute number of specialist mental health professionals in community psychiatry (i.e. replicate the specialist framework outside Yogyakarta). As most psychologists and psychiatrists in Indonesia reside in large cities, the current systematic roll-out of the adapted WHO mhGAP framework might address the need to strengthen non-stigmatising mental health care within community contexts, reflecting the preferences of primary care patients. In districts or provinces which could afford the additional cost, however, the Specialist framework was shown to be better at improving patient outcomes than the adapted WHO mhGAP framework. Existing resources for specialist care can be arranged in a hub-and-spoke (step-up care) model where higher-level interventions are provided for those with greater needs. The proposed model would free-up resources for advanced clinical training of the specialist workforce in key areas of need while keeping specialist services accessible. Trial Registration This trial has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov since 25 February 2016, NCT02700490. Ehical Standards Full ethics approval from the University of Cambridge, UK was received on 15 December 2015 (PRE.2015.108) and from Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia on 14 April 2016 (1237/SD/PL.03.07/IV/2016). A condition of ethics approval from the University of Cambridge is that the investigator is covered by indemnity insurance and that participants are insured for the period of their participation. This was provided by the University of Cambridge Trial Insurance Office (609/M/C/1510). Ethics approval from all the clusters was not required as each cluster (Puskesmas) is a local GP surgery which does not have its own ethics committee. Instead, approval to conduct research at the province of Yogyakarta including all five districts: Kota Yogyakarta, Sleman, Gunung Kidul, Kulon Progo, Bantul Districts was obtained from the Provincial Government Office (070/REG/V/625/5/2016) following ethics approvals. Written consent to participate was obtained from clinicians taking part as well as all patient-participants.

CARNEIRO, Carlos César de Oliveira. Avaliação da Saúde Bucal no Programa de Saúde da Família no Município de Maracanaú-CE. 2012. 117f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-01T13:16:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-CCOCARNEIRO.pdf: 2853631 bytes, checksum: 5347c91e8f04eac9e2e649c70783959b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-01T14:15:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-CCOCARNEIRO.pdf: 2853631 bytes, checksum: 5347c91e8f04eac9e2e649c70783959b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-01T14:15:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-CCOCARNEIRO.pdf: 2853631 bytes, checksum: 5347c91e8f04eac9e2e649c70783959b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The focus of the present study addresses the process of analysis of oral health in Maracanaú after deployment BRASILSORRIDENTE, 2006-2011. The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the oral health through the ESB in PSF Maracanaú, the period mentioned in the perspective of a political consolidation integral primary. The study was characterized as a case study, analytical - critical, including retrospective construction, within the general logic of the historical method. The research adopted the following analytical categories: Public Health Policies, Primary Health, Family Health and Primary Oral Health Collective. In the field phase, was used primarily to documentary research, which were verified aspects of the deployment of the ESB in the municipality studied, complemented by analysis of the effects of the program, using epidemiological indicators based on data already available in the period from 2006 to 2011. We conclude that the local political power is preponderant in the definitions of stocks despite any rule or note issued by the federal level, becoming a fruitful field of dispute to the various social actors and, in the case studied, has fluctuated between the pioneering ideas and archaism deployments. / O foco do presente estudo dirige-se ao processo de analise da saúde bucal no município de Maracanaú após a implantação do BRASILSORRIDENTE, de 2006 a 2011. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é analisar a saúde bucal através das ESB no PSF em Maracanaú, no período citado, na perspectiva de consolidação de uma política integral de atenção primária. O estudo caracterizou-se como estudo de caso, analítico - crítico, incluindo construção retrospectiva, dentro da lógica geral do método histórico. A pesquisa adotou as seguintes categorias analíticas: Políticas Públicas de Saúde, Atenção Primária a Saúde, Saúde da Família e Atenção Primária em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. Na fase de campo, foi utilizada, basicamente, a pesquisa documental, onde foram verificados aspectos relativos à implantação das ESB no município pesquisado, complementada por análise dos efeitos do programa, utilizando-se de indicadores epidemiológicos com base em dados já disponíveis no período de 2006 a 2011. Conclui-se que o poder político local é preponderante nas definições das ações do setor a despeito de qualquer norma ou apontamento emanado do nível federal, constituindo-se em campo fértil de disputa para os diversos atores sociais e que, no caso estudado, tem oscilado entre o pioneirismo das idéias e o arcaísmo das implantações.

Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-06-20T19:05:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Mayrene Dias de Sousa Moreira.pdf: 1457869 bytes, checksum: 99a599405c967bb7f509dcee86cae6e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-06-20T19:07:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Mayrene Dias de Sousa Moreira.pdf: 1457869 bytes, checksum: 99a599405c967bb7f509dcee86cae6e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-20T19:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Mayrene Dias de Sousa Moreira.pdf: 1457869 bytes, checksum: 99a599405c967bb7f509dcee86cae6e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / FAPEMAT / A consulta de enfermagem à criança na atenção básica é o momento oportuno para que o enfermeiro realize ações voltadas à promoção da saúde infantil, visto que possibilita conhecer os problemas de saúde da criança e desenvolver ações que podem impactar em sua saúde, por meio de um cuidado que a valorize como um cidadão que possuí direitos e que deve ser visto em sua totalidade e em seu modo particular de ser e estar no mundo. Considerando a importância da promoção da saúde para o desenvolvimento de uma vida saudável à criança, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as ações do enfermeiro na consulta de enfermagem à criança menor de dois anos na Estratégia Saúde da Família, na perspectiva da promoção da saúde. Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou o banco de dados da Pesquisa matricial “Avaliação da atenção à criança na Rede Básica de Saúde de Cuiabá- MT, com ênfase em sua organização e assistência e nas práticas de enfermagem”, desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (GESCA), da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Os sujeitos de estudo foram quatro enfermeiros(as) que realizaram consulta de enfermagem à criança no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2010, em quatro unidades de saúde da família de Cuiabá-MT. Os resultados foram analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo do tipo temática e estabeleceu-se 3 categorias temáticas: (1) Contexto de vida e ambiente familiar: aspectos considerados e desconsiderados pelo enfermeiro na consulta, (2) Interação do enfermeiro com a criança, mãe/família na consulta e (3) Abordagem das linhas de cuidado realizada pelo enfermeiro na consulta à criança. Observou-se neste estudo que os enfermeiros pouco atuaram de forma a promover a saúde infantil, com ações centradas no modelo biomédico, sem considerar na maioria das vezes, o contexto de vida e familiar da criança. As suas condutas pautaram-se em atitudes prescritivas e impositivas, sem favorecer a autonomia para o cuidado e as ações preventivas estavam centradas em prescrição de cuidados e mudanças de comportamento, e as poucas ações educativas oferecidas privilegiaram a transmissão de conhecimentos pontuais. O enfermeiro necessita repensar suas ações durante a consulta de enfermagem à criança, de modo que extrapole o modelo biomédico ainda hegemônico, e desenvolva a prática voltada à promoção da saúde infantil. / The appointment of nursing to the child in the basic attention is the appropriate moment so that the nurse makes actions towards the promotion of the infantile health, considering that it allows to know the health problems of the child and to develop actions that may impact in his/her health, through a care that values him/her as a citizen who has rights and who should be seen in his/her totality and in his/her private way of being in the world. Considering the importance of the promotion of health to the development of a healthy life to the child, this research aims analyze the actions of the nurse in the nursing appointment to the child younger than two years old in the Strategy Family Health, in the perspective of promotion of health. It is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, which used the data bank of the matrix research “Evaluation to the attention to the child in the Basic Net of Health in Cuiabá-MT, with emphasis in the organization and assistance and in practices of nursing”, developed by the Research Group Studies of Health of Child and of the Adolescent (GSHCA), of Nursing College of Federal University of Mato Grosso. The subjects of the study were four nurses who made nursing appointments to child in the period of January to February 2010, in four units of family health of Cuiabá-MT. the results were analyzed by the method of thematic content analysis and established 3 thematic categories: (1) Context of life and family environment: aspects considered and disregarded by the nurse during the appointment; (2) Interaction of the nurse with the child, mother/family during the appointment; and (3) Approach of the care line made by the nurse during the appointment to the child. It was observed in this study that the nurses had little actions in a way of promoting the infantile health, with actions centered in the biomedical model, without considering, most of the time, the context of life and family of the child. Their conducts were ruled in prescriptive and imposing attitudes, without favoring the autonomy to the care. The preventive actions were centered in prescription of cares and changes of habits and few educative actions offered favored the transmission of punctual knowledge. The nurse needs to rethink his/her actions during the nursing appointment to child, in a way in which extrapolates the biomedical model still hegemonic and develops a practice toward the promotion of infantile health.

nÃo hà / O foco do presente estudo dirige-se ao processo de analise da saÃde bucal no municÃpio de Maracanaà apÃs a implantaÃÃo do BRASILSORRIDENTE, de 2006 a 2011. O objetivo geral desta dissertaÃÃo à analisar a saÃde bucal atravÃs das ESB no PSF em MaracanaÃ, no perÃodo citado, na perspectiva de consolidaÃÃo de uma polÃtica integral de atenÃÃo primÃria. O estudo caracterizou-se como estudo de caso, analÃtico - crÃtico, incluindo construÃÃo retrospectiva, dentro da lÃgica geral do mÃtodo histÃrico. A pesquisa adotou as seguintes categorias analÃticas: PolÃticas PÃblicas de SaÃde, AtenÃÃo PrimÃria a SaÃde, SaÃde da FamÃlia e AtenÃÃo PrimÃria em SaÃde Bucal Coletiva. Na fase de campo, foi utilizada, basicamente, a pesquisa documental, onde foram verificados aspectos relativos à implantaÃÃo das ESB no municÃpio pesquisado, complementada por anÃlise dos efeitos do programa, utilizando-se de indicadores epidemiolÃgicos com base em dados jà disponÃveis no perÃodo de 2006 a 2011. Conclui-se que o poder polÃtico local à preponderante nas definiÃÃes das aÃÃes do setor a despeito de qualquer norma ou apontamento emanado do nÃvel federal, constituindo-se em campo fÃrtil de disputa para os diversos atores sociais e que, no caso estudado, tem oscilado entre o pioneirismo das idÃias e o arcaÃsmo das implantaÃÃes. / The focus of the present study addresses the process of analysis of oral health in Maracanaà after deployment BRASILSORRIDENTE, 2006-2011. The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the oral health through the ESB in PSF MaracanaÃ, the period mentioned in the perspective of a political consolidation integral primary. The study was characterized as a case study, analytical - critical, including retrospective construction, within the general logic of the historical method. The research adopted the following analytical categories: Public Health Policies, Primary Health, Family Health and Primary Oral Health Collective. In the field phase, was used primarily to documentary research, which were verified aspects of the deployment of the ESB in the municipality studied, complemented by analysis of the effects of the program, using epidemiological indicators based on data already available in the period from 2006 to 2011. We conclude that the local political power is preponderant in the definitions of stocks despite any rule or note issued by the federal level, becoming a fruitful field of dispute to the various social actors and, in the case studied, has fluctuated between the pioneering ideas and archaism deployments.

Background: To be able to counter the increasing shortage of general practitioners (GPs) in many countries, it is crucial to remain up‑to‑date with the decisive reasons why young physicians choose or reject a career in this field. Materials and Methods: Qualitative content analysis was performed using data from a cross‑sectional survey among German medical graduates (n = 659, response rate = 64.2%). Subsequently, descriptive statistics was calculated. Results: The most frequent motives to have opted for a GP career were (n = 74/81): Desire for variety and change (62.2%), interest in a long‑term bio‑psycho‑social treatment of patients (52.7%), desire for independence and self‑determination (44.6%), positively perceived work‑life balance (27.0%), interest in contents of the field (12.2%), and reluctance to work in a hospital (12.2%). The most frequent motives to have dismissed the seriously considered idea of becoming a GP were (n = 207/578): Reluctance to establish a practice or perceived associated risks and impairments (33.8%), stronger preference for another field (19.3%), perception of workload being too heavy or an unfavorable work‑life balance (15.0%), perception of too low or inadequate earning opportunities (14.0%), perception of the GP as a \"distributor station\" with limited diagnostic and therapeutic facilities (11.6%), perception of too limited specialization or limited options for further sub‑specialization (10.6%), rejection of (psycho‑) social aspects and demands in general practice (9.7%), and perceived monotony (9.7%). Conclusion: While some motives appear to be hard to influence, others reveal starting points to counter the GP shortage, in particular, with regard to working conditions, the further academic establishment, and the external presentation of the specialty.

No description available.

O trabalho em saúde é uma prática social que sofre alterações do contexto e se conforma nos encontros entre usuário e trabalhador, e nesses encontros necessidades de saúde emergem, o que demanda a inserção de novos saberes e tecnologias. A fitoterapia é uma tecnologia que tem sido inserida nos serviços de saúde e constitui uma ferramenta para o trabalho, mesmo não fazendo parte das tecnologias do modelo biomédico. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os fatores envolvidos na implementação da política de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na rede de saúde que a fazem entrar ou não na rotina de trabalho dos profissionais da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que se deu em duas fases, análise documental e estudo de caso. Os materiais analisados na primeira fase foram: os planos de saúde e relatórios anuais de gestão, leis, portarias, e um trabalho de conclusão de curso, referentes aos municípios de Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro e Vitória. O estudo de caso foi realizado em Vitória, de janeiro a fevereiro de 2016, foram realizadas entrevistas em duas USFs com trabalhadores de ESF e usuários, além dos dois responsáveis técnicos do programa de fitoterapia do município, totalizando 41 participantes. O material obtido no estudo de caso foi submetido à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e discutido à luz do referencial conceitual, do trabalho em saúde como produção social. Os fatores que favorecem a implementação da fitoterapia segundo os dados encontrados foram: 1) Contexto favorável; 2) Ter governabilidade; 3) A perspectiva ampliada de saúde e do serviço; a percepção sobre o papel no trabalho e a percepção dos hábitos de cuidado da comunidade; 4) Ter conhecimento científico acerca do tema; ter conhecimento sobre o programa e a cultura/conhecimento familiar de utilização de plantas medicinais; 5) Identificar benefícios da fitoterapia e 6) Estrutura e insumos que viabilizem o programa. Os contextos internacional, nacional e municipal favoreceram a atuação de líderes/empreendedores na inserção da fitoterapia na saúde, e o encontro com gestores sensibilizados viabilizaram os programas. No campo da assistência, a fitoterapia consegue espaço no trabalho dos profissionais que têm percepção ampliada de saúde e que compreendem seu papel, e o da unidade no processo saúde-doença. A responsabilização pelo usuário e comunidade mobiliza o trabalhador a buscar ferramentas que respondam às suas necessidades de saúde, e é nesse contexto que a fitoterapia é acolhida como ferramenta de trabalho. O conhecimento sobre as ferramentas de saúde oferecidas pelo município, como a fitoterapia, e o conhecimento sobre a prática favorecem sua inclusão na rotina de trabalho. O interesse pela prática é influenciado por experiências de uso e emprego bem-sucedidos da prática. A fitoterapia não é uma ferramenta de trabalho típica do modelo biomédico, mesmo assim tem conseguido alcançar esse espaço de forma institucionalizada, tanto servindo à lógica daquele modelo ou sendo usada como um instrumento para o cuidado integral. A busca por ferramentas holísticas de cuidado em última instância são para contribuir na superação da lógica biomédica / The health work is a social practice subject to changes depending on the context, and is formed in the encounter between user and workers. In such encounters, health needs emerge, which requires the insertion of new technologies. The use of herbal medicines (phytotherapy) is a technology that has been inserted in health services and constitutes a tool for health work, even though it is not part of the set of health technologies of the biomedical model. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors involving the implementation of the policy related to the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in the health system, the factors that integrate or not its use in health professionals\' work project. It is a qualitative study that took place in two phases: documentary analysis and case study. The analyzed materials were health plans and annual management reports, laws, resolutions referring to the Brazilian municipalities of Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro and Vitória. The case study was carried out in the city of Vitória, from January to February 2016, and data were obtained through interviews conducted in two Family Health with workers from the Family Health Team and users attended at the unit. There were also two technicians responsible for the phytotherapy program in the municipality, totaling 41 participants. The material obtained in the case study was submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality and was discussed based on the conceptual framework of health work as social production. The factors favoring the implementation of herbal medicines in the health care were: 1) Favorable Context; 2) Having Governability; 3) The broader perspective of health and service; the perception about the role in work and the perception of the community care habits; 4) Having scientific knowledge about the subject; knowledge about the program and also the culture/family knowledge of the use of medicinal plants; 5) Identification of the benefits of herbal medicines and 6) Presence of structure and inputs that make the program possible.The international, national and municipal contexts favored the performance of leaders/entrepreneurs in the insertion of herbal medicines in the health care network, and the encounter with sensitized managers made possible the establishment of the programs. In the field of assistance, herbal medicines have conquered space in the work projects of professionals who have expanded perception of health and who understand the health service role and their own role. Knowledge about the health tools offered by the municipality, such as herbal medicine, along with the knowledge about its practice favors its inclusion in the work routine. Interest on the practice is influenced by experiences of use and successful practices. Phytotherapy is not a working tool from the biomedical model in health care, yet it has managed to achieve this space in an institutionalized way, either serving the logic of that model or being used as an instrument for the offer of comprehensive care