Since the year of 2000, some of the country and city governments had already established regulations or sent out official documents to encourage the schools under them to implement ¡§Primary School After-School-Care Service¡¨. 2003, it is officially classified into Children and Youth Welfare Act as a part of the law, and established ¡§After-School-Care services for Primary schools and staff qualification standards¡¨ to propose to the whole country. Its goal is to encourage women to give birth and to enable the parents to work without burdens, especially for those families who are receiving double-income, so that their children can grow up healthy. Also, schools which are located in the mountains, remote areas, or islanders, aborigines have the privilege to establish first, and the care service have to match the work hours of the parents. This research is taking Zuo-Zheng, Tainan as sample, and is researching on the conditions of remote primary schools¡¦ After-School-Care Service. We interviewed the principals of the primary schools, the head of administrative organizations and unofficial groups, and also did survey on the parents. We used descriptive statistics to analyze, and make discusses on if it is correspondent with the needs and goals, if gaps are found during the execution of the policy, and related advices are made for references. The conclusion of the founding are listed below: 1. After-School-Cares at remote areas cannot meet the needs. 2. After-School-Cares at remote areas are facing difficulties. 3. After-School-Cares at remote areas did not practice well. 4. The idea of After-School-Care is lack of cognition. 5. The policy of After-School-Care is complex and lack of continuity. At last according to the founding, we came up with advices for government organization of education: 1. Establish supplementary measures according to different regions. 2. Enhance the propaganda of the policy to enable the establishment of common views.

published_or_final_version / Surgery / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

This work addresses the education of 7–8 years old children in the way of learning science, especially the moment called ”Årstidsväxlingar i naturen” (Seasonal changes in nature) in the curriculum Lgr11 from the ”Core content” and how this subject is taught in a Swedish first grade in primary school. The investigation was aimed to try to find out which methods the teachers are using and what kind of material and technical devises they use, what kind of teaching/learning styles they advocate and how much time they spend for the different moments of teaching in the classroom as well as outdoors. This has been investigated by observation of a first grade class in a Stockholm suburb. The time spent for every moment has been measured and analyzed after notes and sound recordings have been taken. These results are presented in fig. 1–3 where every moment of the classes also is shown. Additional interviews have been conducted with three different teachers, teaching this subject to first graders. The results of these interviews are presented in tab. 1 and appear to be very different from each other. The reasons of these differences are discussed and several hypotheses are proposed.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to describe how the activity is arranged for a student with learning disablities. I have used an method based on etnografic influences. I made observations in a school for three days I took notes during the observations. I made one interview with the teacher where I used open fomulatet questions. This study is based on activity theory and one of my results is that teachers in primary school did not have the competence to meet all childrens needs. I found that many things in the activity affected the students in it and that the purpose of the activity changed according to the activity in it. Primary school as activity seemed to push the student with learning disabilities towards special school since it was in special school the comptence and the ability to arrange the activity to meet the needs the student had in a better way. / Denna studie handlar om skolan som verksamhet och hur verksamheten arrangeras för att svara upp mot elevers behov. Jag har tittat specifikt på en verksamhet där en elev med inlärningssvårigheter finns och där eleven får stöd av grundsärskolans verksamhet. Jag har använt mig av ett förhållningssätt som inspirerats av etnografin som metod där jag använt intervju och deltagande observationer som verktyg. Eleven når inte kunskapskraven för grundskolan men hör heller inte till verksamheten grundsärskola. Detta gör att eleven står emellan verksamheter. Verksamheten grundskola som ska ge elever det stöd de har behov av men som inte riktigt förmår och verksamheten grundsärskola som eleven inte tillhör där kompetens att möta eleven och resurser att möta eleven finns. Mina frågeställningar handlade om vilka handlingar för att nå målen i verksamheten som synliggörs och vad samverkan mellan grundskola och grundsärskola innebär? Jag har kommit fram till att de handlingar som synliggörs i verksamheten grundskola inte leder eleven mot målen för verksamheten. Grundskolan har gjort sig beroende av grundsärskolans verksamhet för att ge elven det stöd eleven behöver.

This thesis is about the process of becoming, or not becoming, a primary school mathematics teacher. The aim is to understand and describe the professional identity development of novice primary school mathematics teachers from the perspective of the novice teachers themselves. The study is a case study with an ethnographic direction where seven novice teachers have been followed from their graduation and two years onwards. The ethnographic direction has been used to make visible the whole process of identity development, both the individual and the social part. The empirical material in the study consists of self-recordings made by the respondents, observations and interviews. The empirical material is analysed in two different but co-operating ways. First a conceptual framework was developed and used as a lens. Second, methods inspired by grounded theory are used. The purpose of using them both is to retain the perspective of the respondents as far as possible. At the time of graduation the respondents are members in a community of reform mathematics teaching and they want to reform mathematics teaching in schools. In their visions they strive away from their own experiences of mathematics in school and practice periods. Four cases are presented closely in the thesis as they show four various routes into, and out of, the teaching profession. These four cases make visible that the respondents’ patterns of participation regarding teaching mathematics changes when they become members in new communities of practice with mathematics teaching as part of the shared repertoire. But, the four cases also make visible that the existence of such communities of practice seems to be rare and that the respondents’ different working conditions limit their possibilities of becoming members in those that exist. During the time span of this study, the respondents hardly receive any feedback for their performance as mathematics teachers. Even if they teach mathematics they don´t teach it as they would like to and they don´t think of themselves as mathematics teachers. Two years after graduation none of the respondents has developed a professional identity as primary school mathematics teacher. A primary school teacher in Sweden is a teacher of many subjects but they are the first teachers to teach our school children mathematics. For the respondents to develop a sense of themselves as a kind of primary school mathematics teacher, mathematics teaching has to become part of their teacher identities. For this to become possible, mathematics must become a part of their image of a primary school teacher as an image of a primary school mathematics teacher. Furthermore memberships in communities of practice with mathematics in the shared repertoire must be accessible, both during teacher education and after graduation. Then professional identity development as a primary school teacher would include becoming and being a teacher of mathematics.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Για τις ανάγκες της παρούσας ερευνητικής εργασίας σχεδιάστηκε ένα εκπαιδευτικό σενάριο το οποίο εμπλέκει τις έννοιες του αρχείου, το προγράμματος και της αρχειοθέτησης με σκοπό να εφαρμοστεί σε μαθητές προσχολικής ηλικίας. Αφορμή για την επιλογή του θέματος στάθηκε το Πιλοτικό Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών για την Πληροφορική στην προσχολική ηλικία αλλά και η έλλειψη παρόμοιων ερευνητικών εργασιών. Η εργασία αποτελεί μία μελέτη περίπτωσης (case study). Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να διαφανεί σε πρώτο επίπεδο η ενδεχόμενη μαθησιακή πρόοδος των μαθητών ως προς τις έννοιες αλλά και σε δεύτερο επίπεδο να εξεταστεί αν μπορούν να τις χειριστούν εννοιολογικά. Οι τεχνικές συλλογής δεδομένων είναι το παιδικό σχέδιο, η συνέντευξη και η ηχογράφηση. Μέσα από την εφαρμογή του εκπαιδευτικού σεναρίου παρατηρείται γνωστική πρόοδος στους μαθητές ως προς τις έννοιες οι οποίες εμπλέκονται σε αυτό. / For the purposes of this research was designed an educational scenario that involves the concepts of the file archiving program designed to apply to preschool students . The reason for choosing the topic was the Pilot Program for Information Technology in preschool age and the lack of similar research . This work is a case study (case study). The purpose of this study was to emerge in the first instance any learning progress of students to the concepts and on a second level to consider whether you can handle them conceptually . The data collection techniques are the children's plan , interviewing and recording. Through the implementation of the educational scenario we observed cognitive progress the students to the concepts that are involved in it.

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας ερευνητικής εργασίας ήταν η δημιουργία ενός ψυχοεκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος για την πρόληψη και μείωση του άγχους εξέτασης μαθητών της Ε΄και ΣΤ΄τάξης Δημοτικού Σχολείου, το οποίο θα προσέφερε την ευκαιρία σε κάθε εκπαιδευτικό να το εφαρμόσει στην τάξη με τους μαθητές του. Στη συνέχεια το ολοκληρωμένο και σχεδιασμένο πρόγραμμα υλοποιήθηκε και ελέγχθηκε πειραματικά ως προς συγκεκριμένες υποθέσεις με σκοπό αυτή η έρευνα να οδηγήσει στην αξιολόγηση του προγράμματος και της αποτελεσματικότητας του ως προς την πρόληψη/ μείωση του άγχους εξέτασης. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν μαθητές της Ε΄και ΣΤ΄τάξης του 1ου 12/θ Δημοτικού Σχολείου Σκάλας Λακωνίας. Ο αριθμός των συμμετεχόντων στο πρόγραμμα ψυχοεκπαίδευσης ανέρχεται συνολικά σε 56 υποκείμενα. Τριάντα (30) μαθητές, εκ των οποίων 15 αγόρια και 15 κορίτσια, χωρίστηκαν σε δύο υποομάδες ως προς την τάξη φοίτησής του με αποτέλεσμα να προκύψει η πειραματική ομάδα Ε΄τάξης και η πειραματική ομάδα ΣΤ΄τάξης με 15 μέλη έκαστη. Οι υπόλοιποι 26 μαθητές (11 αγόρια και 15 κορίτσια) σχημάτισαν την ομάδα ελέγχου. Τα μέλη της πειραματικής ομάδας συμμετείχαν σε οκτώ συναντήσεις (μία συνάντηση/ εβδομάδα), βασισμένες σε συγκεκριμένες θεματικές και με συγκεκριμένους στόχους η καθεμιά, το χρονικό διάστημα Φεβρουάριος 2014- Απρίλιος 2014. Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν κατάλληλα εργαλεία μέτρησης και κλίμακες αξιολόγησης. Σύμφωνα με τις ερευνητικές υποθέσεις, τα μέλη της πειραματικής ομάδας θα δήλωναν λιγότερο άγχος εξέτασης μετά το πέρας της ψυχοεκπαίδευσης εν συγκρίσει με την ομάδα ελέγχου. Επίσης, τα μέλη της πειραματικής ομάδας θα εμφάνιζαν λιγότερο κοινωνικό άγχος/ φόβο αρνητικής αξιολόγησης εν συγκρίσει με την ομάδα ελέγχου μετά τη λήξη του προγράμματος και τα μέλη της πειραματικής ομάδας θα παρουσίαζαν μειωμένα καταθλιπτικά συμπτώματα σε σχέση με την ομάδα ελέγχου. Ως προς το άγχος εξέτασης, βρέθηκε πως τα μέλη της πειραματικής ομάδας εμφάνισαν τάση για μείωση σε δύο υπο-κλίμακες (σωματικά συμπτώματα και άσχετες ως προς το έργο συμπεριφορές ) έως και ένα μήνα μετά το πέρας του ψυχοεκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος ενώ στην υπο- κλίμακα (σκέψεις) δε βρέθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά. Τέλος, ως προς το κοινωνικό άγχος και τα καταθλιπτικά συμπτώματα δεν επιβεβαιώθηκαν οι υποθέσεις. / The purpose of this research was the creation of a psychoeducational programme for the prevention and reduction of test anxiety among students in the fifth and sixth year of Primary School. This programme would offer teachers the opportunity to apply it in class with their students. The complete and designed programme was conducted and checked on an experimental basis according to certain suppositions in order for this research to lead to the evaluation of the programme and its efficiency for the prevention of test anxiety The sample of the research were students of the fifth and sixth year of the 1st Primary School in Skala, Lakonia. The number of the participants in the psychoeducational group is totally 56 students. Thirty (30) students of whom 15 were boys and 15 were girls, were divided into two subgroups according to their class. As a result two experimental groups were created the group of the fifth year and with group of the sixth year with 15 members each. The remaining 26 students (11 boys and 15 girls) formed the checking group. The members of the experimental group took part in eight meetings (one meeting per week) based on specific topics and specific goals each, the time being February 2014 to April 2014. For the data collection suitable measurement tools and scales of evaluation were used. According to the research suppositions, the members of the group would show less test anxiety after the end of psychoeducation compared to the checking team. Moreover, the members of the group would show less fear of negative evaluation compared to the checking group after the end of the programme and they would show less symptoms of depression compared with the checking group. As for the test anxiety, it was found that the members of the group showed a tendency of reduction into two sub-scales (autonomic reactions and off- task behaviors) up to one month after the end of the psychoeducational programme while no significant differences were found statistically in the sub-scale (thoughts). Finally concerning the fear of negative evaluation and the symptoms of depression suppositions were not confirmed.

Syftet med den här studien är att utforska hur några musiklärare anser att de skapar förutsättningar för elever att uppnå kunskapskraven i musik. Vilka redskap beskriver några musiklärare att de använder sig av för att eleverna ska uppnå kunskapskraven i musik? Hur anser lärare att de formar undervisningsmiljön för att mediering av kunskap ska kunna ske? Tre musiklärare verksamma i årskurs 1-6 och med lång erfarenhet av musikläraryrket har intervjuats. Studiens metod är kvalitativ intervju och dess teoretiska utgångspunkt sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet presenteras med hjälp av följande teman: Redskap som möjliggör eller begränsar där det framgår att respondenterna ges varierade förutsättningar när det gäller tillgång till pedagogiska redskap och Formande av undervisningsmiljön där respondenterna ger sin syn på betydelsen av musiklärares personliga förutsättningar för elevers lärande. I diskussionskapitlet diskuteras resultatet utifrån följande teman: Förutsättningar, Bedömning, Pedagogiska handlingar samt Sociokulturella begrepp där tillgång till musiksalar, instrument och tid lyfts fram som viktiga faktorer för musiklärarnas möjlighet att mediera kunskap. / The aim of this study is to investigate how some music teachers considers they are creating conditions for their pupils to achieve the knowledge requirements in the school subject music. What tools do some music teachers describe that they use for the pupils to achieve the knowledge requirements in music? How do teachers consider they are creating teaching environment for mediation of knowledge? Three music teachers with long experience working from first to sixth grade in primary school have been interviewed. The method of this study is qualitative interviews and the theoretical point of view is a socio cultural perspective. The result is presented in the following themes: Tools that enables where differences are shown in the respondents access to pedagogical tools, Shaping the teaching environment where the respondents describe the importance of music teachers personal circumstances. In the discussion chapter the result is discussed by the following themes: Conditions, Assessment, Teaching approaches and Sociocultural concepts where access to a music hall, instruments and time are highlighted as important factors for the music teachers possibility to mediate knowledge.