Research in corrective feedback (CF) has developed over thirty years; however, little is known about how metalinguistic corrective feedback (MCF) assists the development of procedural knowledge. This quasi-experimental study sought to evaluate and compare the roles of oral MCF in proceduralizing English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ declarative knowledge of gender referents and morphosyntactical structure—third person singular -s. Sixty college EFL learners participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. All learners participated in 14 communicative form-focused activities that elicited the use of gender referents and third person singular morpheme -s in regular classes over 14 weeks. The experimental group received MCF on errors in use of the target structures. The control group received no MCF in use of the target structures. Pretests, posttests, and long delayed posttests administered 20 weeks after the instructional treatment assessed the participants’ declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge of both target structures. The metalinguistic knowledge test was employed to measure declarative knowledge. The elicited oral imitation test was adopted to measure procedural knowledge. Repeated measures ANOVA results indicated that the MCF group significantly increased their procedural knowledge of both target structures. Cohen’s effect size d revealed that MCF exerted a bigger effect on proceduralizing EFL learners’ knowledge on third person singular morpheme –s than on gender referents. These results also demonstrated a relationship between the efficacy of oral MCF and the target structures as well as the interactional effect of test formats tapping into declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge. These findings shed light on the learnability of difficult structures through MCF and the necessity to employ metalanguage in EFL classrooms.

140 f. / Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-24T16:32:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 570251 bytes, checksum: da58ce8fb8a845db22799d44a879b0ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura(anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-24T16:33:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 570251 bytes, checksum: da58ce8fb8a845db22799d44a879b0ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T16:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 570251 bytes, checksum: da58ce8fb8a845db22799d44a879b0ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o perfil do direito à cidade sustentável no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, tendo como referência a sustentabilidade ambiental como fator preponderante para a garantia da dignidade da pessoa humana, bem como de sadia qualidade de vida. A coexistência equilibrada destes direitos dependem diretamente da existência de ambiente sociojurídico aberto para essa realidade, legislação garantista contemple o direito à idade sustentável, a função social da propriedade e da cidade, a participação democrática da sociedade, o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, serviços públicos que gerem infra-estrutura urbana adequada, moradia digna, transporte público eficiente, trabalho, lazer, entre outros. Num cenário em que a população urbana é maior parte no planeta Terra e também no Brasil, torna-se indispensável que todas as cidades realizem o seu planejamento urbano mediante leis que organizem a utilização dos espaços e propriedades públicas e privadas. Entre elas a que mais se destaca como importante instrumento de reforma urbana é o Plano Diretor. São muitos os argumentos que podem ser utilizados para justificar a necessária influência do Direito para esta questão, inclusive no Judiciário nacional, de forma a sustentar a ideia de que a efetivação plena do direito à cidade sustentável, aliado ao exercício da cidadania, podem trazer dignidade à vida das pessoas no espaço urbano. / Salvador

There are many researchers that emphasize the importance of how teachers’ knowledge will affect students’ learning. However, not much research is focused on an international comparison between preservice mathematics teachers’ procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge. There were 91 preservice mathematics teachers involved in this study. A test on the operations on fractions, decimals, percentages, and integers knowledge showed a) the significant differences between the United States and Chinese preservice teachers’ (PTS) procedural knowledge, b) the significant differences between the United States and Chinese PTS’ conceptual knowledge, and c) the relationships between the United States and Chinese PTS’ procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge. By comparing the results, the researcher determined the strengths and weaknesses of preservice mathematics teachers in the two countries. The researcher will provide PTS some information based on the results of the knowledge test.

A Teoria Geral Direito é uma ciência jurídica universal, que estuda os conceitos jurídicos fundamentais. É nela que encontramos a premissa magna desta dissertação: o conceito de situação jurídica. Como gênero que é, situação jurídica admite divisões. Uma nos interessa: as situações jurídicas simples. A mais importante delas a capacidade jurídica é a aptidão genérica conferida pelo ordenamento jurídico para que um ente fático possa titularizar alguma situação jurídica e, desse modo, ser sujeito de direito. Todas as outras capacidades existentes no mundo jurídico são decorrências da capacidade matriz (jurídica) e servem para o exercício válido de direitos. Dada essa noção, pode-se erigir uma teoria das capacidades em direito: eis a segunda premissa maior do trabalho. O direito processual, como ramo jurídico que é, não poderia ficar fora do alcance da Teoria Geral do Direito. Logo, toda a fundamentação supra é-lhe aplicável: eis a premissa menor do trabalho. No bojo da relação processual estão algumas situações jurídicas simples, dentre elas: a capacidade postulatória (aptidão para que os sujeitos processuais exerçam validamente alguns atos do processo). Pois bem, depois de feita esta breve resenha, podese afirmar que o objeto da presente dissertação é estudar os aspectos formais e conceituais da capacidade postulacional, enquadrando-a numa teoria das capacidades em direito, utilizando, antes de tudo, a noção de situação jurídica fornecida pela Teoria Geral do Direito / The general theory of Law is an universal legal science, which studies the fundamental legal concepts. This theory helps to find the main premise of this dissertation: the concept of legal situation. This legal situation permits divisions. One of those is relevant to us: the simple legal situations. The most important of it the legal capacity is the generic suitability given by the legal planning for a fact person to name some legal situation and, this way, be character of Law. All the existing capacities in the legal scenario, comes from a matrix capacity (legal) and are useful to the Laws valid practice. Given this notion, its possible to make a theory of the Laws capacities: this is the second main premise of this essay. The procedural Law, like a legal extension, could not be out of the reach of the general theory of Law. So, all that was reasoned before is applicable: this is the minor premise of this essay. In the procedural relation, some simple legal situation, for example: the postulator capacity (ability to the procedural characters to practice validly some acts of the lawsuit). After writing this brief, it is possible to affirm that the objective of the essay is to study the formals aspects and concepts of the postulator capacity, characterizing in a theory of Laws capacity, using the notion of the legal situation given by the general theory of Law

abstract: ABSTRACT Many studies testing the effects of procedural justice judgments rely on cross-sectional data. The shortcomings of such a strategy are clear and alternative methodologies are needed. Using a factorial vignette design, this study tests a variety of hypotheses derived from the process-based model of regulation, most of which involve the posited outcomes of procedural justice judgments during police-citizen encounters. This technique allows the researcher to manipulate police process during citizen encounters via hypothetical scenarios. Experimental stimuli are used as independent variables in the regression models. The results show that participants who were administered vignettes characterized by procedural injustice had lower levels of encounter satisfaction, decision acceptance, immediate compliance and greater expectations that police handle similar situations in the future differently relative to individuals who did not receive the negative stimulus. These effects are statistically significant across encounters involving traffic stops and noise complaints. As anticipated, the effect of procedural injustice often proved more salient regardless of whether participants were administered vignettes where they received a citation. Given the utility of the vignette design, future researchers are encouraged to apply the design to additional causal questions derived from the process-based model. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

abstract: Procedural justice has become a widely researched topic in the criminological field with applicability to multiple arenas, including policing, corrections, and courts. Its main tenents suggest that through fair treatment, respectful dialogue and being given a proper voice, citizens will view their experiences with authority more justly. However, though the literature regarding procedural justice has grown immensely, it is still unclear whether certain characteristics of individuals, such as gender and mental health, play a role in their perceptions of procedural justice. Using secondary data originally collected for Rossman, Roman, Zweig, Rempel and Lindquist’s Multi-Adult Drug Court Evaluation (MADCE), an attempt is made to address the previously neglected association between procedural justice, gender, mental health and the added aspect of specialized drug court participation. Results suggest that both gender and mental health, namely depression, play a significant role in predicting procedural justice. Additionally, being a drug court participant was significantly related to higher levels of perceived procedural justice. Implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

abstract: Recently, there has been an upsurge in highly publicized negative police-citizen encounters, contributing to the current crisis in police legitimacy. These encounters, mostly filmed and disseminated by citizens, provide a new type of vicarious experience through which the viewer can assess police-citizen interactions, potentially shaping their perceptions of the police. These recordings have sparked national conversations and protests regarding police behavior and treatment of minority citizens. An area that has received less attention, however, is what effect viewing video recordings of less contentious police-citizen interactions has on public perceptions of police. To that end, this study seeks to address the knowledge gap through experimental methodology. Using actual footage of a variety of police-citizen encounters, this study examines the impact of viewing videos of police encounters on individuals' perceptions of police legitimacy, procedural justice, estimates of police misconduct, and their willingness to cooperate with police. Also examined are the impact these videos have on support for officer body-worn cameras and willingness to film the police. The findings indicate the impact of viewing police-citizen encounters on individual perceptions and attitudes are primarily linked to the content – whether positive, negative or neutral – of the video. Specifically, positive videos depicting procedurally just encounters increased perceptions of procedural justice, decreased estimations of police misconduct and increased support for officer body-worn cameras. Viewing negative videos, however, decreased perceptions of police legitimacy, distributive fairness, and procedural justice while increasing estimations of police misconduct and willingness to film the police in the future. The effects of the video encounters on perceptions of police were not lasting and were not stable when respondents were surveyed again two weeks later. Lasting effects were found for individuals’ self-reported willingness to film the police in the future. Given these findings, the process-based model of policing should consider also incorporating digital vicarious experiences when examining factors impacting perceptions of police. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017

abstract: The role of the American police is to work for and with the communities they serve. The relationship between police and community, however, has not always been a positive one. In recent decades, police organizations throughout the United States have attempted various approaches to addressing the problem. Most recently, they have been focused on improving that relationship by enhancing their legitimacy. This practice is commonly known as the process-based model of policing: theoretically, a procedurally just interaction will enhance legitimacy, which in turn will enhance willingness to cooperate with the police. The benefit for police agencies in enhancing legitimacy lies in the idea that when the police are perceived as a legitimate entity, the public will be more likely to cooperate with them. Enhancing police legitimacy also offers benefits for the public, as this is preceded by a procedurally just interaction. The goal of this dissertation is to assess the applicability of the process-based model of policing to an under-studied population: Hispanics and undocumented immigrants residing within Maricopa County, Arizona. The analysis for this dissertation uses data from two different sources: a sample of Maricopa County residents (n=854) and a sample of Maricopa County arrestees (n=2268). These data are used to assess three research questions. The first research question focuses on assessing the applicability of the process-based model of regulation as a theoretical framework to study this population. The second research question compares Hispanic and White respondents’ views of procedural justice, police legitimacy, and how these perceptions relate to their willingness to cooperate with the police. The last research question examines the differences between undocumented immigrants’ and U.S. citizens’ perceptions of procedural justice, police legitimacy, and how these perceptions relate to their willingness to cooperate with the police. In doing so, this study examined the convergent and discriminant validity of key theoretical constructs. Among several notable findings, the results show that the process-based model of regulation is a promising framework within which to assess perceptions of the police. However, the framework was only supported by the sample of arrestees. Implications for theory, practice, and suggestions for future research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2017

Studien gick ut på att undersöka huruvida animationskurvor kunde användas för att generera slagrörelser som var användbara i spel samt om dessa uppfattades som tilltalande av en publik. Det undersöktes även i vilken utsträckning animationskurvor och rörelsekurvor kan användas för att generalisera animationsfenomen. / The purpose of the study was to examine whether animation curves could be used to generate punching movements useful in games, and if an audience perceived these movements as appealing. It also held the purpose of investigating to which extent movement curves and animation curves can be used to generalize animation phenomena.

Procedurally implemented synthetic audio could offer greater interactive potential for audio in games than the currently popular sample based approach does. At the same time, synthetic audio can reduce storage requirements that using sample based audio results in. This study examines these potentials, and looks at one game interaction in depth to gain knowledge around if players prefer and chooses objects with interactive sounds generated through procedurally implemented modal synthesis, over objects with traditionally implemented sample based sound. An in-game environment listening test was created where 20 subjects were asked to throw a ball, 35 times, at a wall to destroy wall tiles and reveal a message. For each throw they could select one of two balls; one ball had a modal synthesis sound that varied in pitch with how hard the ball was thrown, the other had a traditionally implemented sample based sound that did not correspond with how hard it was thrown but one of four samples was called at random. The subjects were then asked questions to evaluate how realistic they perceived the two versions to be, which they preferred, and how they perceived the sounds corresponding to interaction. The results show that the modal synthesis version is preferred and perceived as being more realistic than the sample based version, but wether this was a deciding factor in subjects’ choices could not be determined.