Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie des graphes, et porte plus particulièrement sur des problèmes de coloration de graphes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'utilisation et au développement de la méthode de déchargement, un argument de comptage qui exploite fortement la structure du graphe. Cette méthode est décisive dans la preuve du Théorème des Quatre Couleurs. Nous donnons d'abord une vue d'ensemble des outils de déchargement que nous utilisons dans ce travail, entre les méthodes élégantes mises en application, et les astuces développées. Dans le cadre de la coloration d'arêtes par liste, nous résolvons la Conjecture de Coloration par Liste faible dans le cas des graphes planaires de degré maximum 8, en prouvant qu'on peut colorier par liste les arêtes de ces derniers avec 9 couleurs seulement. Ceci améliore un résultat de Borodin de 1990. Enfin, nous présentons nos résultats dans le cadre de la coloration de carrés, où il s'agit de colorier les sommets sans qu'il y ait deux sommets adjacents ou avec un voisin commun qui soient de la même couleur. On s'intéresse en particulier à des conditions suffisantes sur la densité du graphe (c-à-d le degré moyen maximum d'un sous-graphe) pour qu'on puisse colorier son carré avec peu de couleurs. / This thesis falls within graph theory, and deals more precisely with graph coloring problems. In this thesis, we use and develop the discharging method, a counting argument that makes strong advantage of the graph structure. This method is decisive in the proof of the Four Color Theorem. We first give an illustrated overview of the discharging tools that are used for this work: nice methods that we apply, and handy tricks that we develop. In the realm of list edge coloring, we most notably prove that the weak List Coloring Conjecture is true for planar graphs of maximum degree 8 (i.e. that they are edge 9-choosable), thus improving over a result of Borodin from 1990. We finally present our results about square coloring, where the goal is to color the vertices in such a way that two vertices that are adjacent or have a common neighbor receive different colors. We look in particular into sufficient conditions on the density of a graph (i.e. the maximum average degree of a subgraph) for its square to be colorable with few colo

Previous researchers conducted activity schedule studies and used them on unstructured areas such as the playground. This study investigates the ability of fading procedures on the effects of using activity schedules on the playground. This study displayed that fading procedures can be used and determined based on the level of the individual. The results showed that two participants were able to fade to more portable forms of activity schedules from the typical activity schedule binder. This study provides many possibilities for conducting future research involving the use of fading procedures on activity schedules.

An informational source where teachers and teacher-candidates could gain a functional knowledge of contingency management techniques had not been developed. A programed text was written to provide this source. Five teachers and teacher-candidates were exposed to the text for a period of three days. As a result of this exposure, learning gains, significant at the 0.01 level, were found in the students' abilities (a) to write behavioral prescriptions and (b) to write the principles of contingency management when presented with open-ended questions pertaining to these principles.

La facilitation est un élément central dans une prise de décision de groupe surtout en faisant l'usage des outils de nouvelle technologie. Le facilitateur, pour rendre sa tâche facile, a besoin des solutions de vote pour départager les décideurs afin d'arriver à des conclusions dans une prise de décision. Une procédure de vote consiste à déterminer à partir d’une méthode le vainqueur ou le gagnant d’un vote. Il y a plusieurs procédures de vote dont certaines sont difficiles à expliquer et qui peuvent élire différents candidats/options/alternatives proposées. Le meilleur choix est celui dont son élection est acceptée facilement par le groupe. Le vote dans la théorie du choix social est une discipline largement étudiée dont les principes sont souvent complexes et difficiles à expliquer lors d’une réunion de prise de décision. Les systèmes de recommandation sont de plus en plus populaires dans tous les domaines de science. Ils peuvent aider les utilisateurs qui n’ont pas suffisamment d’expérience ou de compétence nécessaires pour évaluer un nombre élevé de procédures de vote existantes. Un système de recommandation peut alléger le travail du facilitateur dans la recherche d’une procédure vote adéquate en fonction du contexte de prise de décisions. Le sujet de ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le champ de l’aide à la décision de groupe. La problématique consiste à contribuer au développement d’un système d’aide à la décision de groupe (Group Decision Support System : GDSS). La solution devra s’intégrer dans la plateforme logicielle actuellement développée à l’IRIT GRUS : GRoUp Support. / Facilitation is a central element in decision-making, especially when using new technology tools. The facilitator, to make his task easy, needs voting solutions to decide between decision-makers in order to reach conclusions in a decision-making process. A voting procedure consists of determining from a method the winner of a vote. There are several voting procedures, some of which are difficult to explain and which may elect different candidate/options/alternatives proposed. The best choice is the one whose election is easily accepted by the group. Voting in social choice theory is a widely studied discipline whose principles are often complex and difficult to explain at a decision-making meeting. Recommendation systems are becoming more and more popular in all fields of science. They can help users who do not have sufficient experience or competence to evaluate large numbers of existing voting procedures. A recommendation system can lighten the facilitator's workload in finding an appropriate voting procedure based on the decision-making context. The objective of this research work is to design such recommendation system. This work is in the field of group decision support. The issue is to contribute to the development of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS). The solution will have to be integrated into the software platform currently being developed at IRITGRUS: GRoUp Support.

The articles in this portfolio provide an account of research, which for the purposes of this thesis is divided into two broad categories: teacher professional development, and the support of teacher education in literary and performing arts pedagogy. Within this context three issues are addressed. The study can be categorised under research into teacher professional education.Action research and reflective practitioner research methodology were adopted, as this schema is recognised as being highly appropriate to preservice and inservice development of teachers, and to the improvement of teaching approaches and skills especially in the development of new methods of learning.The research has its theoretical foundations in interactive, child-centred theories of education, performance semiotics and psycholinguistic theories of reading. It is also committed to enabling teachers and students to engage creatively and interpretively in the comprehension of artistic texts and the performing arts. / Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

In the Canadian universal healthcare system, public access to care is not limited by monetary or social economic factors. Rather, waiting time is the dominant factor limiting public access to healthcare. Excessive waiting lowers quality of life while waiting, and worsening of condition during the delay, which could lower the effectiveness of the planned operation. Excessive waiting has also been shown to carry economic cost. At the core of the wait time problem is a resource scheduling and management issue. The scheduling of medical procedures is a complex and difficult task. The goal of research in this thesis is to develop the foundation models and algorithms for a resource optimization system. Such a system will help healthcare administrators intelligently schedule procedures to optimize resource utilization, identify bottlenecks and reduce patient wait times. This thesis develops a novel framework, the MPSP model, to model medical procedures. The MPSP model is designed to be general and versatile to model a variety of different procedures. The specific procedure modeled in detail in this thesis is the haemodialysis procedure. Solving the MPSP model exactly to obtain guaranteed optimal solutions is computationally expensive and not practical for real-time scheduling. A fast, high quality evolutionary heuristic, gMASH, is developed to quickly solve large problems. The MPSP model and the gMASH heuristic form a foundation for an intelligent medical procedures scheduling and optimization system.

Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka olika rutiner vid hantering av skeppsapotek ur säkerhetssynpunkt och hur sjukvårdarsansvariga upplever rutiner kring hantering av skeppsapotek. Undersökningen bygger på intervjuer och enkätundersökningar från sjukvårdsansvarigbefäl. 19 enkäter delades ut till en klass med sjukvårdare i Kalmars sjöfartshögskola via en kontaktperson, av dessa intervjuades fyra personer. Enkäter av samma slag skickades även ut via internet. Undersökningens resultat visar på att det saknas tydliga riktlinjer för hur rutiner vid hantering av skeppsapotek ska skötas. Dock ur säkerhetssynpunkt upplevde sjukvårdarna inte detta som något problematiskt. Dessutom kunde man identifiera tre olika rutiner som användes ute till sjöss, nämligen rutiner med hjälp av Excell dokument, journalföring med papper och penna och rutiner med hjälp av underhållsprogrammet AMOS. När det gäller samarbete mellan fartyg och läkemedelsleverantörer upplever respondenterna att det genomgående fungerar bra. Dock att det förekomma problem, t.ex. fel beställningar eller att läkemedelsleverantörer skickar läkemedel med kort utgångsdatum. / The purpose of this study was to investigate different routine for handling ship´s pharmacy from a safety point of view and how the paramedics experience the routine procedures regarding the handling of ship's pharmacy. The survey was based on interviews and surveys from medical responsible officers. 19 questionnaires were distributed to a class of paramedics in Kalmar Maritime Academy via a contact person, of those 19 four people were interviewed. Surveys of the same nature were also sent out via the internet. The survey results show that there are no clear guidelines on how procedures for handling ship’s pharmacy must be maintained. However, from safety point of view paramedics did not see this as somewhat problematic. In addition, the study could identify three different routine procedures that were used at sea, namely routines using Excell documents, keeping a journal and routines with the help of the maintenance program AMOS. In terms of cooperation between the ship and drug suppliers are experiencing respondents that consistently works well. However, there exist problems such as wrong orders or drug suppliers send drugs with short expiry dates.

Syfte: Att beskriva dagkirurgiska patienters upplevelse av att bli utskrivna hem samma dag efter operation utförd i generell anestesi. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Elva patienter som har opererats via en handkirurgisk mottagning i mellersta Sverige har intervjuats utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Sju kvinnor och fyra män i åldrarna mellan 28-71 år har deltagit i studien. Innehållsanalys användes för analys av materialet. Resultat: Patienterna upplevde hemgången som väldigt positiv. De faktorer som bidrog till en lyckad hemgång var framförallt; Patientens goda grundhälsa, en trygg hemmiljö att återvända till och återhämta sig i, samt att patienterna får sina frågor och funderingar besvarade inför hemgången, och stöd från anhöriga. Vårdpersonalens bemötande och professionella förhållningssätt bidrog till att patienterna upplevde en känsla av trygghet som skapade en förutsättning för delaktighet.  Resultatet visar även att patienter önskar mer information om det postoperativa förloppet. Slutsats: Att skrivas ut och komma hem efter ett dagkirurgiskt ingrepp är en positiv upplevelse för patienterna, dock behöver informationen inför hemgången samt möjligheten till stöd från den dagkirurgiska enheten efter hemgången förbättras. / Aim: To describe the day-surgery patients´ experience to be discharge the same day after surgery in general anesthesia. Methods: Qualitative interview study with inductive approach. Eleven patients, operated by a hand surgical receptions in central Sweden were interviewed, using a semi- structured interview guide. Seven women and four men between 28-71 years participated in the study. Content analysis was used for analysis of the material. Result: Patients experienced the discharge as very positive. The factors which contributed to a successful discharge was above all, patient good basic health, a safe home to return to and recover in, and that the patients have their questions and concerns answered before discharge, and the support from relatives. Health professionals' reception and professional approach helped the patients to feel a sense of security that created a condition for participation. The results also show that patients want more information about the postoperative recovery. Conclusions: To be discharged, and come home, after day surgery procedures is a positive experience for patients, however, the information at discharge and the possibility of support from the day surgery unit after discharge needs to improve.

The present study discusses some of the culture-specific and name issues encountered during a translation from English into Swedish of the walking guide Leisure walks for all ages - The Lake District. Peter Newmark’s model of translation procedures forms the basis for the analysis and a variety of his translation procedures are examined in relation to the two specific aspects – culture-specific phenomena and names. The results show in reference to culture-specific phenomena that whenever a cultural word in the source text did not seem to have an established translation in the target language, either the cultural equivalent-, functional equivalent-, descriptive equivalent- or the additions translation procedure were used. With reference to names, Newmark’s transference translation procedure was used. If the name merely served as a label or was likely to be understood by the target reader transference alone was used. However, when the purpose of the name was to explain the way or a place, or if it was likely that the geographical feature might be unknown to the target reader, transference was used with a classifier.   : culture,

In the Canadian universal healthcare system, public access to care is not limited by monetary or social economic factors. Rather, waiting time is the dominant factor limiting public access to healthcare. Excessive waiting lowers quality of life while waiting, and worsening of condition during the delay, which could lower the effectiveness of the planned operation. Excessive waiting has also been shown to carry economic cost. At the core of the wait time problem is a resource scheduling and management issue. The scheduling of medical procedures is a complex and difficult task. The goal of research in this thesis is to develop the foundation models and algorithms for a resource optimization system. Such a system will help healthcare administrators intelligently schedule procedures to optimize resource utilization, identify bottlenecks and reduce patient wait times. This thesis develops a novel framework, the MPSP model, to model medical procedures. The MPSP model is designed to be general and versatile to model a variety of different procedures. The specific procedure modeled in detail in this thesis is the haemodialysis procedure. Solving the MPSP model exactly to obtain guaranteed optimal solutions is computationally expensive and not practical for real-time scheduling. A fast, high quality evolutionary heuristic, gMASH, is developed to quickly solve large problems. The MPSP model and the gMASH heuristic form a foundation for an intelligent medical procedures scheduling and optimization system.