Depuis la loi de l’hôpital, patient, santé et territoire (HSPT), les établissements de santé français ont montré de plus en plus d’intérêt à une meilleure offre de soin. L’utilisation des philosophies et des techniques d’amélioration de processus inspirée par le nouveau management public a été considérée comme un moyen d’augmenter la qualité des soins et de diminuer la durée d’hospitalisation. La télémédecine est une forme de pratique médicale à distance utilisant les technologies de l’information et de la communication et pouvant être considérée comme une innovation de processus dans le but d’améliorer le système de prestation de soins. Malgré l’intérêt apporté par les hôpitaux publics français à la mise en œuvre de la télémédecine, les facteurs de réussite et les obstacles influençant son implantation restent à développer. À travers cette thèse, nous tentons d’apporter les réponses à cette problématique par une recherche qualitative dans le secteur public de la santé. / Since the French law of the hospital, patients, health and territory (HSPT), the healthcare institutions have shown their interest for a better healthcare provision. The use of philosophies and process improvement techniques inspired by the new public management was seen as a way to increase the quality of care and reduce the length of hospital stays. Telemedicine is a kind of remote medical practice based on information technology and communication which can be considered as an innovation process in order to improve the healthcare delivery system. Despite the interest shown by the French public hospitals in implementing the telemedicine, success factors as well as barriers influencing its implementation need to be developed. By this work, we try to provide some answers to this problem by a qualitative research in the public healthcare sector.

In today’s competitive market, a company will not succeed unless they stand out in other ways than pure benefits with its products. This can be reached by in some way altering the process currently in place. One way, is by introducing process innovation. Advantages related to the adoption of process innovation has been found in literature, for example by increase competitiveness, increase productivity, and increase plant visibility. However, process innovation evokes uncertainty. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) models has in previous research been suggested as a tool to reduce uncertainty at manufacturing companies when they are undergoing changes. However, the study of change in process innovation setting has been largely ignored. By acknowledging this gap in current research, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the use of DES models are able to reduce uncertainties in process innovation. The study is guided by three research questions: 1. What are the characteristics of process innovation introduction in a production process context? 2. How is the production process at manufacturing companies affected by process innovation related uncertainties? 3. How can the usage of DES contribute to reduction of uncertainties during the introduction of process innovation at manufacturing companies? In order to answer these questions, a research methodology consisting of a literature review and a case study including the usage of DES were applied. In this thesis the case study is conducted at a manufacturing company, presented with the goal of making a modification in the production. This is done in an attempt to make it more environmental friendly while also establish a competitive edge over the rivals. To reach this, an implementation of a process innovation technology is under planning, but introducing something new creates numerous uncertainties. To be able to implement this process innovation, uncertainty reduction is crucial. By identify literature within the field, and compare with findings from interviews and workshops at the studied company, process innovation characteristics and how process innovation evokes uncertainties were identified. From the usage DES in this thesis, uncertainties were reduced, partly reduced and identified while some uncertainties remain unresolved. Moreover, the findings point to the creation of the simulation model working as a visualisation of the current production and the possible future, which generates a discussion platform for all stakeholders involved. / I den nuvarande konkurrenskraftiga marknaden har ett företag många utmaningar ifall de vill lyckas. Det räcker nämligen inte längre med att ha bra produkter utan de måste också förbättras på andra sätt. Ett sätt att uppnå detta på, är att genomföra förändringar i den nuvarande produktionen, en metod för detta är introducera en processinnovation på företaget. Under detta arbete har fördelarna relaterade till processinnovation upptäckts i befintlig litteratur, till exempel genom att ökad konkurrentskraftighet, produktivitet och synlighet för fabriken. Dessvärre framkallar implementeringen av en processinnovation osäkerheter. Diskret händelse simulering (DES) modeller har i tidigare forskning föreslagits som ett verktyg för at minska osäkerheter i tillverkningsföretag, medan de planerar att genomgår en förändring. Forskning om hur simulering hanterar fabriker som genomgår en processinnovation har i hög grad ignorerats. De här studien har för avsikt att undersöka just det området där nuvarande forskning brister, nämligen om ifall DES modeller kan minska osäkerheter i processinnovationer. Tre forskningsfrågor har tagits fram för att styra arbetet: 1. Vilka kännetecken har introduktionen av processinnovation i en produktionsprocess kontext? 2. Hur påverkas produktionsprocess hos tillverkande företag av de osäkerheter som processinnovation medför? 3. Hur kan DES användas för att bidra till minskandet av osäkerheter i tillverkande företag som introducerar processinnovation? För att besvara dessa frågor genomfördes an litteraturstudie och en fallstudie som innehöll simulering. Fallstudien som utfördes på ett tillverkningsföretag som är i planeringsstadiet för att införa en processinnovation. Innovationen har för avsikt att göra produktionen mer miljövänlig och samtidigt skapa en fördel över konkurrenterna. Nuvarande planering är fylld av osäkerheter eftersom tillägget av någonting nytt alltid gör det. Därför är reduceringen av osäkerheter avgörande för att en implementering ska kunna genomföras Genom att identifiera forskning inom området, och jämföra den med resultat från företagsrelaterade intervjuer och workshops, identifierade kännetecken på processinnovation och hur processinnovation skapar osäkerheter. Genom att använda DES i examensarbetet, minskades antalet osäkerheter, till fullo och delvis, och nya osäkerheter identifierades. Dessutom visar resultat på studien att simulering kan användas som ett visualiseringsverktyg för att skapa en diskussionsplattform angående framtida förändringar i produktionen.

Diploma thesis deals with SCRUM methodology and its uses in innovation management. The main objective of the thesis is creation of a specific framework which will enable to use SCRUM methodology in the innovation process. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part presents theoretical framework important for the main research. This part contains literature review and research dedicated to the SCRUM methodology and innovation process. The second part of the thesis deals with mapping of the SCRUM methodology to Hladik's innovation process. This part also contains own design of the innovation management process. The third part of the thesis is dedicated to the case study. The case study uses described innovation management process for verification of the hypothesis saying that is possible to use SCRUM methodology in the innovation process. The author's contribution lies in creation of a framework which provides agile alternative to the classical innovation management models.

This thesis is focused on the meaning and importance of innovations for small and medium sized businesses. The theoretical part deals with the terms necessary to understand this issue, such as the definition of small and medium sized enterprises; the definition of innovations; and their connection with the strategy and competitiveness of the organisation. Also, the innovation processes, methods, techniques and the support for basic innovation within the EU is described here. In the practical part of my diploma thesis, research on a selected sample of small and medium firms is conducted. This research is concerned with the level of innovations these particular companies are focusing on; in which area of business activities are they innovating; what sources of financing they're reporting in their results.

Aus der Einführung: "Die Informationstechnik ist seit den Anfängen von CAD vor ca. 50 Jahren ein wesentlicher Impulsgeber für die Produktentwicklung und hat maßgeblichen Anteil an Prozessinnovationen wie dem Global Engineering oder der Digitalen Fabrik. Längst geht es aber heute nicht mehr allein um die Geometriebeschreibung zukünftiger Produkte, sondern um die möglichst umfassende Begleitung und Ergänzung des realen Produkts durch das virtuelle Produkt: von der ersten Idee bis zum Recycling. Die umfassende Vision des virtuellen Produkts als Pendant zum realen Produkt (Spur & Krause 1997) ist untrennbar mit dem Fortschritt der Informationstechnologie verbunden."

Background There exist an external demand forcing the manufacturing industry to increase their sustainable practice. For manufacturing companies to stay competitive it is necessary for them to transform their organization and operation to be more sustainably responsive. To meet the external demand for sustainable practice in the manufacturing industry, companies need to find new innovative solutions for their production processes.  Implementing new process innovations in production processes can be an uncertain task for companies to manage. To reduce the uncertainty, it is important to experiment with different solutions before implementation. To conduct experiments in an efficient and safe way, companies can use the tool simulation to validate process innovations before implementation.  There exist different simulation methods a company can use. Physical simulations are used when a company have production processes that cannot be simulated through a computer. Physical simulations are conducted in test facilities where companies can analyze material behavior in a laboratory scale production process.  Research questions RQ1: What need exists for test facilities in manufacturing companies?  RQ2: What benefits can be obtained using test facilities?  Aim A1: Identify stakeholder needs and based on these needs develop a conceptual test facility adapted to the case company.  Method To answer the research questions and fulfill the aim of the study, a literature review and a case study was conducted. The literature review explored the need and benefits of conducting physical simulations in test facilities when implementing new innovations in production processes to meet the demand for sustainability.  The case study was conducted at Volvo Construction Equipment in Hallsberg where the need to implement a test facility for their chemical production process was explored together with the benefits such a facility might contribute with. The case study also entailed information with stakeholder’s need for the development of a conceptual test facility to fulfill to the aim of the thesis.  Findings The findings suggest that there exists a need for implementing test facilities in manufacturing companies with chemical production processes. To transform production processes to meet external demands, companies must experiment with new innovations before implementation. A test facility could increase the efficiency when transforming and improving chemical production processes as well as strengthen the knowledge within the company for organizational development.  Furthermore, findings contributed with the development of a conceptual test facility adapted to the case company’s chemical production process. This facility was constructed increase the company’s ability for conducting quality and development test of their current state production process. / Bakgrund Det existerar ett yttre krav som tvingar tillverkningsindustrin att öka sin hållbarhet. För att tillverkande företag ska förbli konkurrenskraftiga är det nödvändigt att omvandla sin organisation och verksamhet för att bli mer hållbart lyhörd. För dem att bemöta de yttre kraven på hållbart utövande inom tillverkningsindustrin behöver företag hitta nya innovativa lösningar för sina produktionsprocesser.  Att implementera nya processinnovationer i produktionsprocesser kan vara en osäker uppgift för företag att hantera. För att minska osäkerheten är det viktigt att experimentera med olika lösningar innan implementering. För att genomföra experiment på ett effektivt och säkert sätt kan företag använda simulering för att validera processinnovationer innan implementering.  Det finns olika simuleringsmetoder som ett företag kan använda. Fysiska simuleringar används när ett företag har produktionsprocesser som inte kan simuleras via en dator. Fysiska simulering genomförs i testanläggningar där företag kan analysera materialbeteende i produktionsprocess i laboratorieskala.  Forskningsfrågor F1: Vilket behov för testanläggningar existerar i tillverkningsföretag?  F1: Vilka fördelar kan erhållas genom att använda testanläggningar?  Mål M1: Identifiera intressentbehoven och utifrån dessa behov utveckla en konceptuell testanläggning anpassad till företaget.  Metod För att svara på forskningsfrågorna och uppfylla målet med studien genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie. Litteraturstudien undersökte behovet och fördelarna med att utföra fysiska simuleringar i testanläggningar när nya innovation i produktionsprocesser ska implementeras för att möta hållbarhetskraven.  Fallstudien genomfördes på Volvo Construction Equipment i Hallsberg där behovet av att implementera en testanläggning för deras kemiska produktionsprocess undersöktes tillsammans med vilka fördelar en sådan anläggning kan bidra med. Fallstudien medförde också information med intressenters behov vid utvecklingen av en konceptuell testanläggning för att uppfylla avhandlingens mål.  Resultat Resultaten tyder på att det finns ett behov av att implementera testanläggningar i tillverkande företag med kemiska produktionsprocesser. För att omvandla produktionsprocesser för att bemöta de yttre kraven måste företag experimentera med nya innovationer innan de implementeras. En testanläggning skulle kunna öka effektiviteten vid omvandling och förbättring av kemiska produktionsprocesser samt stärka kunskapen inom företaget för utveckling av organisationen.  Dessutom bidrog resultaten till utvecklingen av en konceptuell testanläggning anpassat till det studerade företagets kemiska produktionsprocess. Denna anläggning konstruerades för att öka företagets förmåga att genomföra kvalitets- och utvecklingstest av deras nuvarande produktionsprocess.

New technology, which has emerged as a part of the new industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, is changing the reality ofmanufacturing companies. Manufacturing companies are perplexed on which technologies to adopt in their productionprocesses, and when is the right time. This can be defined as a company’s ability to prepare for the future, andespecially, for these future technological challenges. A large part of being able to adopt these technologies into theproduction processes is related to the company’s ability to be innovative in their production processes. This is known asprocess innovation. Therefore, this thesis investigates how a production unit within a manufacturing company canmanage process innovation to prepare for future technological challenges. This purpose has been achieved by conducting a single case study, where the case company’s process innovation abilitieswere assessed, and combined with necessary tools to prepare the case company for the future. The case company chosenfor this thesis was Scania. They are a world-leading manufacturer of heavy trucks, buses, and engines. The case studyfocused on one of their productions units, which produce gearboxes and axles. The data for the study was collectedthrough qualitative interviews with members of the case company. The results indicate that the case company needs toimprove their process innovation abilities in order for them to be able to adopt new technologies in their productionprocess. They need a definition of innovation, and a strategy that includes innovation so that it is prioritized andviewed as important. Furthermore, management needs to encourage innovation, and increase their level of risk-taking sothat the culture of the case company is compatible with innovation. Finally, the results show that the case companymay need to redefine or reconsider their fundamental management principle “continuous improvement” to further givepriority to innovation in their production process. Furthermore, an overview of the necessary tools for preparing for thefuture are also covered. These are trend analysis, scenario planning, benchmarking, and technological roadmap. Usingthese four tools can help the company when making strategic decisions about the implementation of new technologies. Finally, this thesis contributes to science by providing empirical research on the topic of process innovation and gives aninteresting perspective on how it can be used to prepare for the future.

關於產品創新的研究，絕大多數學者均以B2C的企業產品作為研究探討的對象，強調以新的產品設計帶給消費者全新的生活體驗與感受。相較之下B2B的企業產品，特別是客製化零組件產品，業者大多只能以改善製程生產效率、提升良率等手法來維持競爭力。印刷電路板業即為上述B2B客製化零組件產品在台灣地區的代表性產業。本研究即以我國印刷電路板業A公司軟硬複合板的開發為例，探討此種B2B企業的客製化產品之產品創新模式。 本研究由相關文獻探討，推展出以「新產品開發管理」、「製程技術開發管理」與「組織文化」此三個構面的研究架構來探討印刷電路板業在產品創新活動的關鍵因素與管理項目，採個案研究法深入訪談個案公司的高階主管，以瞭解其產品創新過程的實務作為。由個案分析與研究發現得出研究結論如下: 結論一：在B2B企業的客製化產品開發過程中，明確的產品策略，具體的產品概念，和互動良好的客戶參與，是新產品開發成功的關鍵因素。 結論二：機器設備的開發與實驗活動，對B2B製造業的製程技術開發占有關鍵地位。 結論三：有效的知識管理及技術開發人員的管理與領導，是B2B客製化產品企業之製程開發活動中重要的管理項目。 結論四：差異化的企業組織策略，創新的價值觀與高階主管對創新活動的支持，對產品技術創新的成功有正面的影響。 / Regarding product innovation, a lot of studies did focus on B2C business, try to find a way to create “new feeling” product for consumers. For B2B business, especial for customization product, most firms do effort for production efficiency increasing, yield rate improvement, and cost reduction to maintain the competition. Printed circuit board (PCB) is this kind of industry in Taiwan typically. This research bases on a PCB company (A-company) rigid-flex PCB development case, to study B2B business’s product innovation model. The three major constructs of the research framework include new product development and its management, new process development and its management, and organizational culture. This research adopts case-study method to analysis the practice actions in A-company. The research results as below: 1. Clear product strategy, solid product concept, and good customers’ join, are the key points to get new product development success. 2. Equipment development and experiment actions are very important factors for process technology development in B2B firms. 3. Well knowledge management, good R&D people management and leadership, are the important management items for process technology development in B2B firms. 4. Differentiation strategy, innovation value, and top managers’ attitude for innovation action supporting, will lead product technology innovation success.

The presented thesis deals with creativity, creative thinking and its support in managerial practice. Creative thinking and innovations are very sought after these days, that's why it is important to understand how they relate to corporate governance and how management should support their employees in this field. The goal of this thesis was find out, how analyzed company supports creative thinking of their employees and how management contributes to creating an environment that supports creativity. To fulfill the goal of the thesis, research was undertaken in the form of analyzing the company's documents, observation, interviews and a questionnaire. Based on the discovered results, it will be possible to identify the current state of the company and then put together recommendations and proposals for changes. These changes should be helpful to improve creativity amongst employees and hence improve the company's economic effectiveness.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-07-17T12:15:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Chris Manuel Fritsche - 2017.pdf: 3056666 bytes, checksum: d6efbaf4a79cea3f7d6b1c15feb77c12 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-18T10:39:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Chris Manuel Fritsche - 2017.pdf: 3056666 bytes, checksum: d6efbaf4a79cea3f7d6b1c15feb77c12 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T10:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Chris Manuel Fritsche - 2017.pdf: 3056666 bytes, checksum: d6efbaf4a79cea3f7d6b1c15feb77c12 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / This study identifies the occurrence of product / service and processes innovation, in the context of public educational institutions, by means of tests of hypotheses applied on a set of responses of 474 respondents, through the adoption of a free software, called Plataforma Certificado Livre. This is managerial software, which brings strong changes in the process of issuing certificates to institutions, to their customers. The changes in process and product/service offered by one technological tool are analyzed under the principles of innovation, such as quality improvements, increase of production capacity, cost reductions, among others, presenting a parallel between theory and practice. Ten hypotheses were elaborated, of which eight could be confirmed, allowing to conclude that, taking into account, mainly, the public sector, the adoption of the studied software impacts on innovation. The study also shows that, with the advancement of computer networks and technology as a whole, important technological innovations become possible to be implemented by the simple adoption of software by its managers, even when these tools were not developed by those who implement it. / Este estudo identifica, por meio de testes de hipóteses aplicados sobre um conjunto de respostas de 474 entrevistados, a ocorrência de inovação de produto/serviço e processos, no âmbito de instituições públicas de ensino, por meio da adoção de um software, denominado Plataforma Certificado Livre. Trata-se de um software gerencial, que traz fortes mudanças no processo de emissão de certificados por parte das instituições, aos seus clientes. As alterações no processo e produto/serviço oferecidos por uma ferramenta tecnológica são analisadas sob os princípios da inovação, como melhorias de qualidade, aumento da capacidade de produção, reduções de custo, entre outras, apresentado um paralelo entre a teoria e a prática. Dez hipóteses foram elaboradas, das quais oito puderam ser confirmadas, permitindo concluir que, tendo-se em vista, principalmente, o setor público, a adoção do software estudado impacta em inovação. O estudo demonstra ainda que, com o avanço das redes de computadores e, da tecnologia como um todo, importantes inovações tecnológicas passam a ser possíveis de serem implementadas pela simples adoção de softwares, por parte de seus gestores, mesmo quando estas ferramentas não foram desenvolvidas por aqueles que a implementam.