隨著產業與經濟的全球化的浪潮下，「研發」與「創新」成為我國科技產業對抗全球的競爭壓力與推動組織營運的重要後盾，在新產品不斷推陳出新的帶動下，愈來愈短的產品生命週期，以及愈來愈多變的顧客需求，「速度」成為企業取得競爭優勢的關鍵因素，因此，我國企業紛紛透過導入產品生命週期管理（PLM）系統以縮短產品開發時程，使企業掌握新產品上市的先機。此外，透過PLM系統快速連結與蒐集研發知識，有助於企業實踐知識管理，加速組織與科技的融合與智慧財產的傳承，二十一世紀是知識經濟時代，企業能活用個人與組織內、外部的知識，則可創造價值並提昇企業競爭力。PLM系統使組織內研發之知識可有效的管理，並運用逐漸累積的資源形成的珍貴之研發知識，有效整合與串連成組織重要的知識資產；然而，知識管理之推展除資訊系統外，亦需要組織活動的配合。 本研究同時從組織與資訊科技（PLM）兩構面來探討研發單位的知識管理活動，旨在剖析台灣科技公司採用PLM系統下的知識管理活動，並瞭解影響研發知識管理的關鍵因素。本研究採個案研究法，首先經由文獻回顧導出實證研究的觀念性架構，再以此理論觀念模式為主軸進行個案訪談，實地深入訪談四家科技公司，瞭解其研發知識管理活動及運作模式。 本研究所得到的初步研究發現包括：（1）在研發知識管理推行實務上，企業需同時重視組織與資訊科技兩構面的作為，並將兩者平衡使知識管理達到真正的效益；（2）企業的知識分享文化與高階領導者態度等內部因素，對於研發人員的知識管理活動具關鍵影響力；（3）績效評估制度知識管理目標的配合，有助於知識管理效益的提昇；（4）企業研發創新的程度影響其知識創造的來源；（5）企業透過供應鏈的多元合作關係，形成知識創造的網路關係；因此，品牌廠商與代工廠商兩者的知識管理活動具有相依性；（6）企業透過PLM系統的採用將知識管理結合於作業流程之中，並使研發過程中個人之知識轉化為組織之知識；（7）企業的知識管理策略影響其知識擴散之作為。本研究最後並對企業經理人與後續研究者分別提出實務上與研究上之建議。 / Taiwanese high-tech industry has been emphasized the value of R&D innovation since 2000 in order to survive under the strong competition in globalization environment. The capability of innovation and efficiency of product development have been on the highly priority of companies. Hence, Taiwanese companies implement the product lifecycle management (PLM) system to improve product development schedule. Knowledge is an important intangible asset for companies in the 21th century. Because of PLM system, companies could manage R&D knowledge through collecting and linking R&D project or event. However, the promotion of knowledge management could not exist without the information systems and organization activities. This article considers the knowledge management activities from organizational and technical aspects. The purpose of the research is to examine the knowledge management of R&D division under the implementation of PLM system, and find out the key factors which influent R&D knowledge management. The research adopts four Taiwanese high-tech companies as Case Studies and has interviews with managers to understand knowledge management in R&D division under the implementation of PLM system. By knowing inside information of knowledge management in the R&D division of companies would make my research more practical and well-organized to give examples and facts to the future implementation of PLM system for Taiwan industries.

In order to gain competitive advantages in markets, companies have provided a variety of customized products to satisfy customer-specific requirements, leading to not only a large amount of product data but also high cost, long lead-time and complexity of quality control. Efficient product data management throughout the product lifecycle has become increasingly crucial, of which product structure management is regarded as the most important constituent.  The study took ABB Mine Hoist system as a case to investigate how to construct a generic product structure model fit for engineer-to-order system offerings with the consideration of their sales-delivery product lifecycle. The aim of the model is to facilitate the product-related information sharing and reuse across a company, and the integration of different business operations throughout the entire product lifecycle as well. Based on the current situation analysis of product data management on ABB Mine Hoist, three major issues were identified which need to be addressed in the formulation of a generic structure model: namely the integration of requirements of multiple disciplines; the consistency of product information throughout the product lifecycle; and the constant update of product repository. Through illustrating the formulation of ABB Mine Hoist generic structure model, the method of how to construct a generic product structure model for engineer-to-order system product was presented. The model was achieved by applying the framework of the step-based product model and was regarded as a result of integrating domain-specific requirements. The adaptive generic product structure model was then employed to display the role of this generic model in the different phases of a sales-delivery lifecycle. The model could serve as a “master concept” to transfer common product information in the product lifecycle. It’s expected to benefit the business of engineer-to-order system product through improving the integration of different disciplines, enhancing information exchange and reuse. It could also provide an abstract and conceptual basis for potential product repository to reinforce data consistency and completeness.

A partir dos anos 2000 houve uma significativa mudança no cenário global da manufatura, no sentido de induzir as empresas a trabalhar dentro de ambientes colaborativos, os quais necessitam de soluções mais integradas ao \'modelo de empresa estendida\' para colaborar a organização como um todo, incluindo parceiros, fornecedores e clientes. Na atualidade, as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento dos processos de manufatura necessitam levar em consideração a dispersão de recursos (do ponto de vista sistema), que engloba inclusive o conhecimento e a informação. Um problema de grande importância está na \'conexão\' (interface) entre as engenharias, os ambientes de produção e os ambientes de operações comerciais, principalmente na precisão do compartilhamento de dados. Como proposta de solução deste problema a pesquisa tem como contribuição a criação do modelo de referência denominado PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), suportado pelas iniciativas da manufatura digital DM (Digital Manufacturing) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), que envolvem \'simulação\' e \'procedimentos colaborativos\', principalmente para as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura, consideradas o \'elo\' entre o desenvolvimento de produtos, o gerenciamento do chão de fábrica e o planejamento e controle da produção. O modelo de referência PLM2M tem como objetivo integrar as áreas que participam do processo de manufatura. Está fundamentado em um conjunto de procedimentos que explora estratégias de modelagem de fluxos de trabalho WfMS (Workflow Management System) e arquitetura TIC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação), a modelagem de processos de negócios, as definições de produto, o layout de plantas industriais, os recursos (máquinas e dispositivos, matéria-prima e pessoas), o sequenciamento das operações de produção (que releva a demanda e envolve volume, variedade e prazos), e ainda, o controle e gerenciamento das informações de chão de fábrica. O modelo PLM2M estabelece relação com a gestão de portfólio de programas e projetos no ciclo de vida de produtos (PLM) e tem o propósito de oferecer melhoria de produtividade, ajuste de capacidade de produção e melhor reuso dos ativos da planta, proporcionando melhores \'time-to-market\' de produtos. Para implementar o modelo PLM2M considera-se a hipótese de que esse modelo deve ser aplicado em cenários de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura para ambientes complexos e dispersos e que estejam engajados dentro de critérios de avaliação (assessment) de modelos de maturidade e capabilidade em relação ao uso do PLM e Manufatura Digital. / Since 2000, there has been a significant change in the global scenario of manufacturing, in order to induce companies to work within collaborative environments, which require more integrated solutions to the \'extended enterprise model\' to collaborate the organization as a whole, including partners, suppliers and customers. In the current days, the activities of manufacturing process planning and management need to take into account the dispersion of resources (from the point of view system), which includes the knowledge and information. A problem of great importance is the \'connection\' (interface) among the engineering, the production environments and the commercial operations environments, mainly in the accuracy of the data sharing. As a proposal for solve this problem the research presents as a contribution the creation of the reference model called PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), supported by initiatives of Digital Manufacturing (DM) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), that involves \'simulation\' and \'collaborative procedures\', principally for activities of manufacturing processes planning and management, considered the \'link\' among the products development, the shop floor management and the production planning and control. The PLM2M reference model has as objective to integrate the areas that participate in the manufacturing process. It is based on a set of procedures that explores workflows modeling strategies WfMS (Workflow Management System) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) architecture, the business processes modeling, the product definitions, the layout of industrial plants, the resources (machines and devices, raw materials and people), the sequencing of production operations (which takes into account the demand and involves volume, variety and lead-time), and yet, the shop floor information control and management. The PLM2M model establishes relationship with the portfolio management of programs and projects in the product lifecycle management (PLM) and has the purpose to provide productivity improvement, adjustment of production capacity and better reuse of plant assets, providing better \'time-to-market\' of products. To implement the PLM2M model, it is important to consider the hypothesis that this model should be applied in manufacturing process planning and management scenarios for complex and dispersed environments and that are engaged within assessment criteria of maturity and capability models in relation to the use of PLM and Digital Manufacturing.

A partir dos anos 2000 houve uma significativa mudança no cenário global da manufatura, no sentido de induzir as empresas a trabalhar dentro de ambientes colaborativos, os quais necessitam de soluções mais integradas ao \'modelo de empresa estendida\' para colaborar a organização como um todo, incluindo parceiros, fornecedores e clientes. Na atualidade, as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento dos processos de manufatura necessitam levar em consideração a dispersão de recursos (do ponto de vista sistema), que engloba inclusive o conhecimento e a informação. Um problema de grande importância está na \'conexão\' (interface) entre as engenharias, os ambientes de produção e os ambientes de operações comerciais, principalmente na precisão do compartilhamento de dados. Como proposta de solução deste problema a pesquisa tem como contribuição a criação do modelo de referência denominado PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), suportado pelas iniciativas da manufatura digital DM (Digital Manufacturing) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), que envolvem \'simulação\' e \'procedimentos colaborativos\', principalmente para as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura, consideradas o \'elo\' entre o desenvolvimento de produtos, o gerenciamento do chão de fábrica e o planejamento e controle da produção. O modelo de referência PLM2M tem como objetivo integrar as áreas que participam do processo de manufatura. Está fundamentado em um conjunto de procedimentos que explora estratégias de modelagem de fluxos de trabalho WfMS (Workflow Management System) e arquitetura TIC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação), a modelagem de processos de negócios, as definições de produto, o layout de plantas industriais, os recursos (máquinas e dispositivos, matéria-prima e pessoas), o sequenciamento das operações de produção (que releva a demanda e envolve volume, variedade e prazos), e ainda, o controle e gerenciamento das informações de chão de fábrica. O modelo PLM2M estabelece relação com a gestão de portfólio de programas e projetos no ciclo de vida de produtos (PLM) e tem o propósito de oferecer melhoria de produtividade, ajuste de capacidade de produção e melhor reuso dos ativos da planta, proporcionando melhores \'time-to-market\' de produtos. Para implementar o modelo PLM2M considera-se a hipótese de que esse modelo deve ser aplicado em cenários de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura para ambientes complexos e dispersos e que estejam engajados dentro de critérios de avaliação (assessment) de modelos de maturidade e capabilidade em relação ao uso do PLM e Manufatura Digital. / Since 2000, there has been a significant change in the global scenario of manufacturing, in order to induce companies to work within collaborative environments, which require more integrated solutions to the \'extended enterprise model\' to collaborate the organization as a whole, including partners, suppliers and customers. In the current days, the activities of manufacturing process planning and management need to take into account the dispersion of resources (from the point of view system), which includes the knowledge and information. A problem of great importance is the \'connection\' (interface) among the engineering, the production environments and the commercial operations environments, mainly in the accuracy of the data sharing. As a proposal for solve this problem the research presents as a contribution the creation of the reference model called PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), supported by initiatives of Digital Manufacturing (DM) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), that involves \'simulation\' and \'collaborative procedures\', principally for activities of manufacturing processes planning and management, considered the \'link\' among the products development, the shop floor management and the production planning and control. The PLM2M reference model has as objective to integrate the areas that participate in the manufacturing process. It is based on a set of procedures that explores workflows modeling strategies WfMS (Workflow Management System) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) architecture, the business processes modeling, the product definitions, the layout of industrial plants, the resources (machines and devices, raw materials and people), the sequencing of production operations (which takes into account the demand and involves volume, variety and lead-time), and yet, the shop floor information control and management. The PLM2M model establishes relationship with the portfolio management of programs and projects in the product lifecycle management (PLM) and has the purpose to provide productivity improvement, adjustment of production capacity and better reuse of plant assets, providing better \'time-to-market\' of products. To implement the PLM2M model, it is important to consider the hypothesis that this model should be applied in manufacturing process planning and management scenarios for complex and dispersed environments and that are engaged within assessment criteria of maturity and capability models in relation to the use of PLM and Digital Manufacturing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3829.pdf: 4230286 bytes, checksum: 57d5e0c531823572429b3f117b7809fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / A necessary condition for the economic efficiency of modern plants is the ability to adjust - as quickly and effectively as possible - the performance of manufacturing process for demand request decisions. In this sense, the research emphasized the importance of understanding the best practices in Information Technology (IT) and the trade scenario of solutions using shopfloor real data in virtual environments for simulation and many achieved benefits. The highlights of this research focused on exploring the collaboration (practice of skills for the achievement of mutually beneficial results) between the MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) and the digital manufacturing systems (also called virtual manufacturing systems) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), in a scenario where the manufacturing processes require high flexibility, reliability and lower delivery times, extensive combination of variants and lower life-cycle of products. The research - in an exploratory and descriptive way, which identified the available knowledge on the subject more sharply between the years 2006 and 2010 - was grounded in the practices of world-renowned companies and institutions and considered opinions and evaluations of renowned researchers and professionals with expertise in initiatives to support the use of MES solutions data in systems of digital manufacturing of PLM to manufacturing processes planning. As a result of the studied scenarios and covered concepts, the research has consolidated a "diagram of information collaboration", with the aim of providing better decision choices within the framework of shop-floor project, processes planning and production management. The research also concluded that the MES systems may have their value extended if integrated within the characteristics of functionalities of the PLM concept. It also brought some recommendations and limitations on the portability of information, commented on the learned lessons and suggestions for future tasks that include the BPM (Business Process Management). / Uma condição necessária para a eficiência econômica das fábricas modernas é a habilidade de adequar - de forma mais rápida e melhor possível - o desempenho dos processos de manufatura às decisões de solicitação de demanda. Nesse sentido, ressaltou-se a importância de compreender as melhores práticas de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e o cenário comercial de soluções que utilizam dados reais de chão-de-fábrica em ambientes virtuais de simulação e os vários benefícios obtidos. O destaque desta pesquisa ficou por conta de explorar a colaboração (prática de competências para a obtenção de resultados mutuamente vantajosos) entre os sistemas MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) e os sistemas de manufatura digital (também chamada fábrica virtual) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), num cenário onde os processos de manufatura impõem alta flexibilidade, confiança e menores tempos de entrega, ampla combinação de variantes e menores ciclos de vida de produtos. A pesquisa - de forma exploratória e descritiva, que identificou o conhecimento disponível sobre o tema mais acentuadamente entre os anos de 2006 e 2010 - foi embasada nas práticas de instituições e empresas mundialmente reconhecidas, e considerou opiniões e avaliações de profissionais e pesquisadores renomados nas iniciativas que apóiam a utilização de dados das soluções MES em sistemas de manufatura digital do PLM para o planejamento de processos de manufatura. Como resultado dos cenários estudados e conceitos abordados, a pesquisa consolidou um diagrama de colaboração da informação , com o propósito de auxiliar melhores tomadas de decisão no âmbito do projeto de chão-de-fábrica, planejamento de processos e gerência da produção. A pesquisa ainda concluiu quanto os sistemas MES podem ter seu valor ampliado se integrados dentro das características de funcionalidades do conceito PLM, trouxe algumas recomendações e limitações sobre a portabilidade das informações, comentou sobre as lições aprendidas e apresentou sugestões de trabalhos futuros que inclui o gerenciamento de processos de negócios BPM (Business Process Management).

As questões ambientais são variáveis estratégicas para as organizações do século XXI, pois pressionadas pela legislação ambiental com nível de exigência crescente - exigindo responsabilidades cada vez maiores para as fases finais do ciclo de vida dos produtos - e a sociedade não mais aceitando os custos dos impactos ambientais causados pela ação industrial - as externalidades - impulsionam as empresas a melhorar o desempenho ambiental de seus produtos e processos. É neste ambiente de mudanças que se torna necessário aos gestores e àqueles que tomam decisões conhecer e evidenciar os gastos ambientais em todo o ciclo de vida dos produtos comercializados. Por estes motivos apresentados é que este trabalho trata da evidenciação dos gastos ambientais no ciclo de vida do produto através da aplicação do método de custeio baseado em atividades e subsidiada pela realização de uma pesquisa-ação em uma empresa do setor eletrônico. A escolha do setor eletrônico se deve ao fato de que ao longo dos últimos 5 anos a legislação ambiental internacional de forma impositiva obrigou as companhias a alterar a composição de produtos - pelo banimento de diversas substâncias tóxicas, e a mudar processos - instituição obrigatória de índices de reciclagem por exemplo. Toda esta revolução foi acompanhada de perto pelo pesquisador, por isso a escolha da pesquisa-ação como metodologia, pois propiciou a modelagem de uma proposta de um método para a evidenciação dos gastos ambientais em todo o ciclo de vida do produto. / The environmental questions are strategical variables for the organizations in this century, therefore pressured by the increasing requirement level of the environmental legislation - which demands more responsibilities from the final phases of the products lifecycle - and the society, which is no longer accepting the costs of environmental impacts caused by the industrial actions - the externalities -, stimulating the companies to improve their products and processes environmental performance. This changing situation is the place where managers and other decision makers are asked to know and to evidence the environmental costs in all their traded products. It is because of these reasons that this work deals with the discovery of evidences of environmental costs in products lifecycle, by means of an application of the activity-based cost method, carried out according to the action research methodology in a company of the electronic segment. The choice of the electronic segment is due to the fact that in the last five years the international environmental legislation compelled these companies to change their products composition - by means of banishment of diverse toxic substances, and also to change their processes - by means of the institution of higher recycling rates, for example. All this revolution was closely followed by the researcher. This fact can explain the choice of action research methodology, which provided the proposal of a method for the evidence discovery of environment costs in the product lifecycle.

Semantic interoperability (SI) of a product model refers to automatic exchange of meaning associated with the product data, among applications/domains throughout the product development cycle. In the product development cycle, several applications (engineering design, industrial design, manufacturing, supply chain, marketing, maintenance etc.) and different engineering domains (mechanical, electrical, electronic etc.) come into play making the ability to exchange product data with semantics very significant. With product development happening in multiple locations with multiple tools/systems, SI between these systems/domains becomes important. The thesis presents a feature-based framework for shape model to address these SI issues when exchanging shape models. Problem of exchanging semantics associated with shape model to support the product lifecycle has been identified and explained. Different types of semantic interoperability issues pertaining to the shape model have been identified and classified. Features in a shape model can be associated with volume addition/subtraction to/from base-solid, deformation/modification of base-sheet/base surface, forming of material of constant thickness. The DIFF model has been extended to represent, classify and extract Free-Form Surface Features (FFSFs) and deformation features in a part model. FFSFs refer to features that modify a free-form surface. Deformation features are created in constant thickness part models, for example, deformation of material (as in sheet-metal parts) or forming of material (as in injection molded parts with constant thickness), also referred to as constant thickness features. Volumetric features covered in the DIFF model have been extended to classify and represent volumetric features based on relative variations of cross-section and PathCurve. Shape feature ontology is described based on unified feature taxonomy with definitions and labels of features as defined in the extended DIFF model. Features definitions are used as intermediate and unambiguous representation for shape features. The feature ontology is used to capture semantics of shape features. The proposed ontology enables reasoning to handle semantic equivalences between feature labels, and is used to map shape features from a source to target applications. Reasoning framework for identification of semantically equivalent feature labels and representations for the feature being exchanged across multiple applications is presented and discussed. This reasoning framework is used to associate multiple construction paths for a feature and associate applicable meanings from the ontology. Interface is provided to select feature label for a target application from the list of labels which are semantically equivalent for the feature being exchanged/mapped. Parameters for the selected feature label can be mapped from the DIFF representation; the feature can then be represented/constructed in the target application using the feature label and mapped parameters. This work shows that product model with feature information (feature labels and representations), as understood by the target application, can be exchanged and maintained in such a way that multiple applications can use the product information as their understandable labels and representations. Finally, the thesis concludes by summarizing the main contributions and outlining the scope for future work.

Ce travail s'intéresse à la gestion d'information techniques et connaissances métiers issues de la production pour assurer l'interopérabilité et la continuité de la chaîne numérique. Dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue et de développement des technologies de l’information pour l'usine du futur, l'industrie aéronautique s'oriente vers une intégration flexible et agile des phases de conception et fabrication pour l'obtention de pièces bonnes du premier coup. C'est pour assurer la maîtrise des processus et la capitalisation des savoir-faire métier issus de la fabrication que ces travaux adressent la problématique suivante : comment élaborer un modèle d'interopérabilité de la chaîne numérique d'industrialisation, pour assurer une intégration agile de la conception et de la fabrication ? Pour ce faire, nous définissons deux propositions : OntoSTEP-NC pour permettre l'extraction et la structuration des données issues de la fabrication et Closed-Loop Manufacturing pour permettre l'intégration et la réutilisation des connaissances métiers capitalisées au niveau de l'industrialisation. Les apports de ces propositions se retrouvent dans la définition d'un cadre d'interopérabilité pour l'usine du futur mais également dans les enjeux tels que la définition de bonnes pratiques pour l'entreprise étendue en vue d'une harmonisation des processus de fabrication. Ces travaux ont été validés au travers d'un démonstrateur sur un cas d'étude industriel comportant plusieurs scénarii. / This work focuses on the knowledge and the data management extracted from the manufacturing to ensure the interoperability in the digital chain. According to the extended enterprise and the factory of the future context, the aeronautics manufacturers tend to a design and manufacturing integrated platform in order to get a right part the first time.This work focus on manufacturing process control and capitalization of know-how from the manufacturing aiming at answering the following issue : How to enable interoperability for the digital production process in order to ensure an integrated and agile design and manufacturing ? This issue is addressed with two proposals : OntoSTEP-NC which focuses on how to model and structure the manufacturing knowledge from the CNC machine and Closed-Loop Manufacturing which focuses on how to re-use and integrate the information feedback from manufacturing to process engineering. Both combined those two proposals address the main issue of this work defining an interoperability framework for the factory of the future and address trends like the definition of guidelines for manufacturing in extended enterprise context. This work has been validated through a demonstrator and an industrial case study with various scenarios.

As questões ambientais são variáveis estratégicas para as organizações do século XXI, pois pressionadas pela legislação ambiental com nível de exigência crescente - exigindo responsabilidades cada vez maiores para as fases finais do ciclo de vida dos produtos - e a sociedade não mais aceitando os custos dos impactos ambientais causados pela ação industrial - as externalidades - impulsionam as empresas a melhorar o desempenho ambiental de seus produtos e processos. É neste ambiente de mudanças que se torna necessário aos gestores e àqueles que tomam decisões conhecer e evidenciar os gastos ambientais em todo o ciclo de vida dos produtos comercializados. Por estes motivos apresentados é que este trabalho trata da evidenciação dos gastos ambientais no ciclo de vida do produto através da aplicação do método de custeio baseado em atividades e subsidiada pela realização de uma pesquisa-ação em uma empresa do setor eletrônico. A escolha do setor eletrônico se deve ao fato de que ao longo dos últimos 5 anos a legislação ambiental internacional de forma impositiva obrigou as companhias a alterar a composição de produtos - pelo banimento de diversas substâncias tóxicas, e a mudar processos - instituição obrigatória de índices de reciclagem por exemplo. Toda esta revolução foi acompanhada de perto pelo pesquisador, por isso a escolha da pesquisa-ação como metodologia, pois propiciou a modelagem de uma proposta de um método para a evidenciação dos gastos ambientais em todo o ciclo de vida do produto. / The environmental questions are strategical variables for the organizations in this century, therefore pressured by the increasing requirement level of the environmental legislation - which demands more responsibilities from the final phases of the products lifecycle - and the society, which is no longer accepting the costs of environmental impacts caused by the industrial actions - the externalities -, stimulating the companies to improve their products and processes environmental performance. This changing situation is the place where managers and other decision makers are asked to know and to evidence the environmental costs in all their traded products. It is because of these reasons that this work deals with the discovery of evidences of environmental costs in products lifecycle, by means of an application of the activity-based cost method, carried out according to the action research methodology in a company of the electronic segment. The choice of the electronic segment is due to the fact that in the last five years the international environmental legislation compelled these companies to change their products composition - by means of banishment of diverse toxic substances, and also to change their processes - by means of the institution of higher recycling rates, for example. All this revolution was closely followed by the researcher. This fact can explain the choice of action research methodology, which provided the proposal of a method for the evidence discovery of environment costs in the product lifecycle.

Le déploiement du développement durable passe par des enjeux de transition sociétale et technique auxquels cherche à répondre le Design for Sustainability (DfS). Dans le cadre de la conception des systèmes de production, et en particulier pour les produits manufacturés, les impacts environnementaux que ce soit en termes de consommation de ressources ou de rejets (déchets, émissions) doivent être intégrés comme des paramètres de conception. L’évaluation des impacts environnementaux (par exemple par l’Analyse de Cycle de Vie, ACV) doit donc s’articuler avec la gestion du cycle de vie des produits (PLM). L’inventaire de cycle de vie, ICV est un élément central du lien entre le système de production et son environnement, caractérisé par des informations géographiques et spatiales sur l’écosphère. Le travail de thèse proposé stipule que les impacts environnementaux des systèmes conçus dépendent de cette caractérisation géographique. Les approches d’écoconception et de DFS doivent donc intégrer ces informations géographiques ce qu’elles ne font que très peu, ces informations n’étant pas intégré dans les outils de conception. La thèse propose donc une approche de modélisation pour intégrer les informations relatives au produit et son système de production (via le PLM), l’évaluation de son potentiel d’impact environnemental (via l’ACV et en particulier l’ICV), et les informations géographiques en conception. Pour cela, les informations géographiques à associer sont identifiées et des cas d’études illustratifs sont construits pour montrer l’impact de ces informations sur la définition des produits / There are different approaches to implement sustainability and Design for Sustainability (DfS) is the one that give more accurate result by considering both global and regional scales. Integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an example of tool integration to support sustainability. In LCA framework, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) is the quantified and classified list of input and output flow of the LCA model that is a model of the product system, linking the technological system to the ecosphere (Environment system). As each region has a unique environmental system, design characteristics and specifications of technological system should be modified and adopted based on these differences. Implementation of this approach will require geographical information of interacted environmental systems, which is a kind of new strategy in DfS. Therefore, we tested the interest of the integration of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with PLM to support geographical considerations during product development activities. The main research question of this research work is then how to propose this PLM-GIS integration for DfS. Thus, we conducted that literature review on existing data models about product, environment, geography and their combination is a key to prove the link among them