"FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA: Espaços e Dimensoes de Práticas Educativas" tem como objetivo central acompanhar a trajetória formativa do profissional do ensino de História. Entendendo que a formação do profissional ocorre em diversos espaços e dimensões da vida do sujeito em questão, a pesquisa buscou acompanhar esses diferentes aspectos. Dessa forma, debruçou um olhar sobre cursos universitários de História (FAFICH/UFMG; PUC Minas; UNICENTRO Newton Paiva e UNI-BH) e alguns espaços de formação continuada tais como cursos de pós-graduação em Educação (especialização, mestrado, doutorado) e atividades oferecidas pelos Centros de Formação das Secretarias Municipal e Estadual de Educação (CAPE e CERP, respectivamente). Além de levantamento bibliográfico e documentação institucional (histórico, projetos curriculares; publicações; regime de trabalho e titulação do corpo docente; programações; sistema de avaliação) foram fontes as entrevistas com coordenadores, professores e ex-alunos dos cursos, assim como a análise de questionários aplicados a alunos no início e término dos cursos de História. O recorte espacial para tal pesquisa foi a cidade de Belo Horizonte e o recorte temporal privilegiado o período compreendido desde os anos 80 do século passado até os dias de hoje. / The main purpose of Teacher's education and the teaching of history: spaces and dimensions of educational practices is to investigate the educational experience of student teachers of history. Assuming that professional education accurs in many diferent spaces and dimensions of a person's life, this research attempted to understand these different aspects. Thus, it focused on graduation courses of history (FAFICH/UFMG; PUC Minas; UNICENTRO Newton Paiva e UNI-BH) and some spaces of continuing professional education such as post-graduation courses in education (specialization, master’s degree and doctor's degree) and activities offered by Professional Development Centers of local and state Departments of Education (CAPE and CERP, respectively). Besides bibliographical and institutional documentation survey (historical, curricular projects, publications, work regulation, teachers' titles, programs, evaluation system), interviews with coordinators, professors and former pupils have been used as sources of data, as well as analysis of questionnaires applied to students who are beginning and ending their history courses. This research took place in Belo Horizonte and the period of time considered extends from the 80's up to the present.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of Mutual collegial support in the Step by Step program. It examines how this support is implemented at a selected innovative school. In the theoretical part describes the professional development of a teacher, mutual collegial support, mentoring in teaching and mentor quality. It focuses on the educational activities of Step by Step Czech Republic. In the case study, the research part describes the realization of collegiate support, especially in the form of mentoring. This research method is based on participating observations, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, material and video analysis. A portrait of a mentor, which depicts her style of work, is created in the form of a metaphorical comparison. And it also describes individual forms of collegial support and its benefits or possible constraints. Key words Collegial support, professional development of teachers, Step by Step program, mentoring in teacher education, mentoring relationship

"FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA: Espaços e Dimensoes de Práticas Educativas" tem como objetivo central acompanhar a trajetória formativa do profissional do ensino de História. Entendendo que a formação do profissional ocorre em diversos espaços e dimensões da vida do sujeito em questão, a pesquisa buscou acompanhar esses diferentes aspectos. Dessa forma, debruçou um olhar sobre cursos universitários de História (FAFICH/UFMG; PUC Minas; UNICENTRO Newton Paiva e UNI-BH) e alguns espaços de formação continuada tais como cursos de pós-graduação em Educação (especialização, mestrado, doutorado) e atividades oferecidas pelos Centros de Formação das Secretarias Municipal e Estadual de Educação (CAPE e CERP, respectivamente). Além de levantamento bibliográfico e documentação institucional (histórico, projetos curriculares; publicações; regime de trabalho e titulação do corpo docente; programações; sistema de avaliação) foram fontes as entrevistas com coordenadores, professores e ex-alunos dos cursos, assim como a análise de questionários aplicados a alunos no início e término dos cursos de História. O recorte espacial para tal pesquisa foi a cidade de Belo Horizonte e o recorte temporal privilegiado o período compreendido desde os anos 80 do século passado até os dias de hoje. / The main purpose of Teacher's education and the teaching of history: spaces and dimensions of educational practices is to investigate the educational experience of student teachers of history. Assuming that professional education accurs in many diferent spaces and dimensions of a person's life, this research attempted to understand these different aspects. Thus, it focused on graduation courses of history (FAFICH/UFMG; PUC Minas; UNICENTRO Newton Paiva e UNI-BH) and some spaces of continuing professional education such as post-graduation courses in education (specialization, master’s degree and doctor's degree) and activities offered by Professional Development Centers of local and state Departments of Education (CAPE and CERP, respectively). Besides bibliographical and institutional documentation survey (historical, curricular projects, publications, work regulation, teachers' titles, programs, evaluation system), interviews with coordinators, professors and former pupils have been used as sources of data, as well as analysis of questionnaires applied to students who are beginning and ending their history courses. This research took place in Belo Horizonte and the period of time considered extends from the 80's up to the present.

This interpretive study investigated the process of radical change for a collaborative team of investigators in an allied health school at the University of South Australia. Specifically, it investigated the process of developing and implementing a fully-integrated problem-based learning curriculum across the entire undergraduate curriculum for the School of Medical Radiation. The study examined the richness and complexity of the change process for this team of educators over a two year time period. The research builds on understandings of change derived from three main bodies of literature: the school-based educational change literature; the problem-based learning literature; and the organisational change literature. It interweaves knowledge gained from each of these areas to develop a new perspective from which to consider radical educational change in higher education. Much of the previous research into change ignores the participant experience, and particularly the emotional dimension of this experience. This study redresses that gap by exploring the human dimension of the change process. This study has provided an authentic and inclusive representation of participants' experience of radical educational change. It has shown that participants not only undergo considerable cognitive dissonance when implementing major change, they also undergo significant emotional dissonance. Thus, if we are to improve the outcomes of educational innovation, we need to develop change management practices that not only recognise but also support the emotional dimension of the change process.

This interpretive study investigated the process of radical change for a collaborative team of investigators in an allied health school at the University of South Australia. Specifically, it investigated the process of developing and implementing a fully-integrated problem-based learning curriculum across the entire undergraduate curriculum for the School of Medical Radiation. The study examined the richness and complexity of the change process for this team of educators over a two year time period. The research builds on understandings of change derived from three main bodies of literature: the school-based educational change literature; the problem-based learning literature; and the organisational change literature. It interweaves knowledge gained from each of these areas to develop a new perspective from which to consider radical educational change in higher education. Much of the previous research into change ignores the participant experience, and particularly the emotional dimension of this experience. This study redresses that gap by exploring the human dimension of the change process. This study has provided an authentic and inclusive representation of participants' experience of radical educational change. It has shown that participants not only undergo considerable cognitive dissonance when implementing major change, they also undergo significant emotional dissonance. Thus, if we are to improve the outcomes of educational innovation, we need to develop change management practices that not only recognise but also support the emotional dimension of the change process.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a popular curricular approach in medical education. This thesis asks the question: How does PBL teach medical students about what matters in medicine using qualitative methods. The research demonstrates that PBL contributes to the on-going marginalisation of social issues in medical education.

Although the Internet is widely used in many areas, its use in school mathematics is at best in its infancy. Studies show that Mathematics teachers have fewer uses for the Internet than teachers of other disciplines. Hence, this research adopted a mixed method approach to investigate what mathematics materials are on the Internet, how teachers are teaching mathematics with the Web and mathematic students' perceptions and engagement with the Internet. This research reviewed the World Wide Web for mathematics materials and found three major groupings of online resources namely interactive resources, non-interactive resources, and communications possibilities. A typology of Web objects was constructed and a database based on a Task-Web object approach was proposed for teacher use. A broad survey was used to elicit information about Internet usage among mathematic teachers. A total of 103 mathematics teachers responded and 15 were interviewed to gain further insight into their usage. Observations of Internet use were also conducted in the classrooms of 4 teachers. The results show that most teachers would like to use the Internet more in their teaching of mathematics but many do not know where and how to do so in an effective way. Statistics, Business Mathematics and Number operations appear to be the more popular topics. Using statistics data from the Web seem to be the Web feature that is most common followed by using the Internet as a resource centre for word problems. Web communications are seldom used. Common constraints teachers face include lack of time, difficulty in planning, lack of knowledge of good Web sites that map to curricula, slow download times, and limited booking times. Students perceive doing activities on the Internet as better than from the textbook because of the amount and variety of information, the better explanations and the change in mode of presentation. Students who have a low comfort level with mathematics wish their teachers would use the Internet. The power of interactive activities on the Internet to engage and motivate these students is due to a variety of reasons such as the element of game play, a change from the routine, its ability to present different conceptual visuals, the independent self paced learning, and quick feedback that came with the use of the Internet. The Internet also enabled students to access difficult to find information and saved them time. The findings also suggest that teachers' persistence in using the Internet could bring about a routine that helps students settle down to the task and stay on task. Teachers' choice and discernment of Web-based activities that are engaging and motivating are paramount to the success of this learning tool. Four Web-based strategies for teaching mathematics were documented and a model of underlying knowledge for teacher practice with the Web was suggested.

abstract: In this study, the Arizona State University Mathematics and Science Teaching Fellows 2010 program was analyzed qualitatively from start to finish to determine the impact of the research experience on teachers in the classroom. The sample for the study was the 2010 cohort of eight high school science teachers. Erickson's (1986) interpretive, participant observational fieldwork method was used to report data by means of detailed descriptions of the research experience and classroom implementation. Data was collected from teacher documents, interviews, and observations. The findings revealed various factors that were responsible for an ineffective implementation of the research experience in the classroom such as research experience, curriculum support, availability of resources, and school curriculum. Implications and recommendations for future programs are discussed in the study. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2012

The path taken along this research had the objective of analyzing the relationship of the Pedagogical Coordinator with the Continued Training of Teachers in Service in the State Public Schools of Sergipe. With the backing of the line of thought of renowned authors such as Bernard Charlot and Maria Amélia do Rosário Santoro Franco, we chose our direction, and to build our conception of Ongoing Teacher Training, we have taken steps in the theories of Imbernón (2010), Tardif 2002, 2007) and Perrenoud (2001, 2002). As this conception of Continuing Formation brings in itself a specific Pedagogical Coordinator profile, we walk side by side with the ideas of Almeida and Placco (2005) and Domingues (2014). We also have documentary sources for the theoretical reference of this work. As a qualitative study, based on a survey conducted with schools in the capital and the region of Greater Aracaju, we conducted a documentary analysis and a semi-structured interview with ten Pedagogical Coordinators, selected by schools with a larger number of students in the year of 2016 In some moments, we can also observe formations promoted by the SEF - Service of Elementary Education, sector that is part of the DED - Department of Education, SEED - Secretary of State for Education. These observations were from the formative meetings with a much larger audience, and in several regional directorates of the State. For data analysis, we use Bardin's theory (2008), considering the statements of the Pedagogical Coordinator what their perceptions and knowledge about the Continued Training of Teachers in Service. What we can see from what has been covered is that the Pedagogical Coordinators of schools in the State of Sergipe have a conflictive relationship with the Continuing Education of Teachers in Service, since they can not develop a trainer profile due to the demands of the other assignments and to the functional structure of the Magisterium in the State. However, positively, the data show that these coordinators wish to develop this training profile and recognize the need for continuous training that promotes the professional development of teachers / O caminho percorrido ao longo dessa pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a relação do Coordenador Pedagógico com a Formação Continuada de Professores em Serviço nas Escolas Públicas Estaduais de Sergipe. Com respaldo na linha de pensamento de autores consagrados como Bernard Charlot e Maria Amélia do Rosário Santoro Franco, escolhemos nossa direção e, para construir nossa concepção de Formação Continuada de Professores em Serviço, demos passos firmados nas teorias de Imbernón (2010), Tardif (2002; 2007) e Perrenoud (2001; 2002). Como essa concepção de Formação Continuada traz em si um perfil específico de Coordenador Pedagógico, caminhamos lado a lado com as ideias de Almeida e Placco (2005) e Domingues (2014). Contamos também com fontes documentais, para o referencial teórico desse trabalho. Por ser uma caminhada qualitativa, trilhada a partir da pesquisa participante, baseada numa amostragem realizada com escolas da capital e da região da Grande Aracaju, fizemos uma análise documental e uma entrevista semiestruturada com dez Coordenadores Pedagógicos, selecionados por escolas com maior quantitativo de alunos no ano de 2016. Em alguns momentos, podemos também observar formações promovidas pelo SEF – Serviço de Ensino Fundamental, setor que faz parte do DED - Departamento de Educação da SEED – Secretaria de Estado da Educação. Essas observações foram dos encontros formativos com um público bem maior e em diversas diretorias regionais do Estado. Para análise dos dados, utilizamos a teoria de Bardin (2011), considerando as falas do Coordenador Pedagógico, quais as percepções e saberes destes sobre a Formação Continuada de Professores em Serviço. O que podemos constatar do que foi percorrido é que os Coordenadores Pedagógicos de escolas do Estado de Sergipe possuem uma relação conflituosa com a Formação Continuada dos Professores em Serviço, visto que não conseguem desenvolver um perfil de formador devido às demandas das demais atribuições e à estrutura funcional do quadro do Magistério no Estado. Contudo, positivamente, os dados revelam que esses coordenadores desejam desenvolver esse perfil formador e reconhecem a necessidade de uma formação continuada que promova o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. / São Cristóvão, SE

[pt] Esta tese tem por finalidade compreender o sentido do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores alfabetizadores em dois municípios de Minas Gerais de pequeno e grande porte: Matias Barbosa e Juiz de Fora. Ademais, procuramos entender que ações gestoras foram realizadas para que o PNAIC fosse implementado e chegasse até aos professores e às salas de aula de contextos tão diferentes. Nesse sentido, investigamos o PNAIC a partir das vozes não silenciadas dos professores alfabetizadores, procurando identificar as suas concepções e ações, no que tange à alfabetização, à formação continuada e à própria docência. O procedimento adotado foi a pesquisa qualitativa. Os instrumentos utilizados para a obtenção dos dados foram a aplicação de questionários com perguntas fechadas e abertas, assim como a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com diferentes atores (coordenadores locais, orientadores de ensino, professores-alfabetizadores, secretárias de educação e professores-formadores) que participaram do PNAIC em Matias Barbosa e Juiz de Fora, no período de 2013 a 2015. Além disso, recorremos aos documentos oficiais orientadores do PNAIC como fonte de dados sobre o desenho estrutural desse programa de formação. A análise dos dados da pesquisa mantém diálogo com pesquisadores dos campos da alfabetização (Mortatti, Carvalho, Soares); da formação e do desenvolvimento profissional (Tardif, Nóvoa, Gatti, André, Formosinho, García, Day). Os professores-alfabetizadores entrevistados apontam que a experiência com o PNAIC possibilitou o desenvolvimento profissional pelos fatores: troca de experiência, material rico para estudo e pesquisa, presença de atividades práticas e inovadoras. Pudemos constatar, através dos relatos, que a mudança da prática docente não afetou todos os professores que participaram da formação e que existem diferenças nos encaminhamentos das ações gestoras locais para que o PNAIC chegasse até ao professor e nas salas de aula. A diferença entre o processo de implantação do PNAIC nos dois municípios investigados foi percebida, principalmente, em relação à forma de adesão dos professores-alfabetizadores e orientadores de estudos e ao acompanhamento feito pelos orientadores de estudo e coordenadores pedagógicos das práticas alfabetizadoras no contexto escolar. Além disso, os professores apontam a relevância do acompanhamento das suas ações docentes, para o seu desenvolvimento profissional, pois permite a troca de experiência, o trabalho coletivo na busca da melhoria da prática docente e de soluções dos problemas da aprendizagem dos alunos. Através da pesquisa, ressaltamos a importância de programas de formação continuada construída na e com a escola, como o PNAIC, para a promoção do desenvolvimento profissional dos professores alfabetizadores. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento profissional docente pode ser compreendido a partir da valorização profissional, da capacidade de aquisição e de veiculação de novos saberes e das competências para a prática alfabetizadora. Além disso, pode contribuir para o incentivo à inovação da prática, ao aperfeiçoamento, à troca de experiências, com vistas à melhoria do ensino e da escola em sua totalidade com reflexos na aprendizagem dos alunos. / [en] This thesis aims to understand the PNAIC, a program directed to the professional development of the literacy teachers and to the students’ education. To do so, there were analyzed two cities from Minas Gerais, a state in Brazil. Those are: Matias Barbosa e Juiz de Fora. Besides, this research tries to understand which management actions were made to implement PNAIC. So, the program was investigated through the non-silenced voices of the literacy teachers. This methodology was chosen, so that it could be possible to identify their conceptions and actions related to literacy, continuous formation and teaching itself. The adopted procedure was the qualitative research. The used instruments to collect data were: inquiries application with open and closed questions and semi structured interview with different actors, such as local coordinators; teaching advisors; literacy teachers; educational secretaries; and formation professors. All of them participated of PNAIC in Matias Barbosa and Juiz de Fora from 2013 to 2015. Besides, there were studied the official documents of the program and other sources of data. The data analysis was then crossed with researches from the field of literacy (Mortatti, Carvalo, Soares); and professional formation and development (Tardif, Nóvoa, Gatti, André, Formosinho, García, Day). The interviewed literacy teachers point out that the experience with PNAIC allowed the professional development. Through it, it was possible to exchange experience; have access to rich material for study and research; and to understand new activities and innovational practices. Those experiences show that teachers could change their teaching practice. Besides, the research also showed that there are differences on the local management practices related with PNAIC. Those dissimilarities of the program s implementation process on the two investigated cities were noticed mainly on the adhesion and follow up of the literacy professors and study advisors. Besides, the professors point out the relevancy of the follow up process to their teaching practices and professional development. Through it, is possible to improve educational methods, especially when finding new practices and solutions to the educational problems. The research shows the importance of continuous formation programs, as PNAIC, to the promotion of the professional development of literacy teachers. It is possible to conclude that the teaching professional development happen through the professional valuing and through the skills of acquiring new knowledges and competences to the literacy practice. Those kinds of programs also help to develop innovative practices, the experience exchange and its improvement. Besides, they also help to improve the educational practice as a whole. / [fr] Cette thèse a comme objectif comprendre le sens du Pacte National pour l Alphabétisation à l Âge Idéal (PNAIC, en portugais) pour le développement professionnel du professeur alphabétiseur et pour l enseignement des élèves dans deux municipalités de Minas Gerais, une petite et l autre grande: Matias Barbosa et Juiz de Fora. De plus, on cherche comprendre que des actions de gestion ont été réalisées pour que le PNAIC ait été mis en oeuvre et afin qu il soit arrivé jusqu aux professeures et aux salles de classe, qui existent dans des différents contextes. De cette manière, on vérifie le PNAIC à partir des voix expressives des professeurs alphabétiseurs, en cherchant identifier ses conceptions et ses actions en ce qui concerne l’alphabétisation, la formation continue et le propre enseignement. La procédure utilisée a été celle de la recherche qualitative. Les instruments employés, pour l acquisition des données, ont été l application de questionnaires avec des questions fermées et ouvertes, ainsi que la réalisation d interviews semi-structurés avec plusieurs subjects (coordinateurs locaux, conseillers pédagogiques, professeurs-alphabétiseurs, secrétaires d’éducation et professeurs-formateurs) qui ont participé du PNAIC à Juiz de Fora et à Matias Barbosa, pendant la période entre 2013 et 2015. En outre, nous avons recours aux documents d’orientation officiels du PNAIC comme source de données à propos de la conception structurale de ce programme de formation. L analyse des données de la recherche dialoguent avec les chercheurs du domaine de l’alphabétisation (Mortatti, Carvalho, Soares) et de la formation et du développement professionnel (Tardif, Nóvoa, Gatti, André, Formosinho, García, Day). Les professeurs alphabétiseurs interrogés indiquent que l’expérience avec le PNAIC a possibilité une évolution à cause des éléments suivants: échange de pratiques, riche matériel pour l’étude et la recherche, ainsi que la présence d activités pratiques et innovatrices. On a pu constater, parmi des rapports, que le changement de la pratique d’enseignement n’a pas affecté tous les professeurs qui ont participé de la formation et, aussi, qu il y a des différences, dans les manières employés par les actions de gestion locales, pour que le PNAIC soit arrivé jusqu’au professeur et aux salles de classe. La différence entre le processus d’implantation do PNAIC des deux municipalités recherchées a été aperçue, principalement, vis-à-vis la manière d adhésion des professeurs-alphabétiseurs et des conseillers d’orientation des études, et aussi par rapport à l accompagnement des pratiques d alphabétisation dans le cadre scolaire, réalisé par les conseillers d orientation et les coordinateurs pédagogiques. Par ailleurs, les professeurs indiquent la pertinence de l accompagnement de leurs enseignements pour leurs évolutions professionnelles, puisque cela permet l échange de pratiques et le travail collectif en quête de l amélioration de l enseignement et d’un dénouement des problèmes d apprentissage des élèves. Parmis l étude, nous soulignons l importance des programmes de formation continue construite à (et avec) l école, comme le PNAIC, pour l encouragement de l évolution professionnelle des professeurs alphabétiseurs. On y conclut que le développement professionnel d enseignement peut être compris à partir de la valorisation professionnelle, de la capacité d obtention et de propagation des nouveaux savoirs et des compétences pour la pratique d alphabétisation. En plus de cela, il peut contribuer pour l encouragement de l innovation de la pratique, au perfectionnement, à l échange d’expériences, à des fins d améliorer l enseignement et l école dans son intégralité, réfléchissant sur l apprentissage des élèves.