Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 81-84).

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1997. / Bibliogr.: f. 134-140. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 81-84). Also available in print.

<p>The purpose of this BA-thesis is to examine how many girls, boys, women and men who appear in children’s programmes in the years 1978, 1992 and 2007. We have also studied if they are described as typical gender role stereotypes and we have looked at the power conditions between girls and boys, women and men and children and adults. From the results we then examined the changes through out the years. We have made this possible by choosing two days each year when most children were watching the programmes.</p><p>With the gender role theory we have brought up the important issue of the fact that men appear more frequently in media then women and by doing so the media preserve men as the standard gender. You can also apply this theory on the condition of children and adults, where the adults are the norm in the generation system.</p><p>We have analysed the contents of the programmes by using a quantitative method and our results showed us that the equality between the sexes hasn’t improved as much as we had hoped for. The year 1978 sometimes had the same results as 2007 and at some parts the year 1978 was better than 2007. The year 1992 was not equal in any part except in the equality between the sexes in the starring role.</p>

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In 2008, the so-called Climate Change Act went through the UK Parliament. The bill was a commitment to radically reduce carbon emissions. During the same period of time, a third runway was planned at the London Heathrow airport. The aim with this paper is to analyse the controversy that occurs over how the expansion of civil aviation can be connected or disconnected from the politics of climate change. The specific case of Heathrow expansion brings to the fore how certain domains and economic spheres are contested, as they become subjects for incorporation with climate change policy as a discursive practice. In focus of the study are debates in the UK Parliament, as well as contestations in the form of direct actions by the activist network “Plane Stupid”. A disparity in the debate exists between “carbon budget” and “technological enframing”: two competing programmes of government. The distinction between these programmes derives from a difference of relativising and absolutising rationalities. The parliament’s decision over Heathrow is an attempt to mitigate the conflict between conflicting policies. In the direct actions by Plane Stupid the issue is however demonstrated as a conflict, and absolute connections between the question of Heathrow and climate change are visualised. By making contestations of programmes and techniques of government, the practice of resistance relates to and utilise the productive powers of governmentality. The conflict of Heathrow touches upon dynamics of discursive modifications. The control and capacity to define the character of a problem are productive powers that are subjects for continuous negotiations, contestations and conflicts.

In 2008, the so-called Climate Change Act went through the UK Parliament. The bill was a commitment to radically reduce carbon emissions. During the same period of time, a third runway was planned at the London Heathrow airport. The aim with this paper is to analyse the controversy that occurs over how the expansion of civil aviation can be connected or disconnected from the politics of climate change. The specific case of Heathrow expansion brings to the fore how certain domains and economic spheres are contested, as they become subjects for incorporation with climate change policy as a discursive practice. In focus of the study are debates in the UK Parliament, as well as contestations in the form of direct actions by the activist network “Plane Stupid”. A disparity in the debate exists between “carbon budget” and “technological enframing”: two competing programmes of government. The distinction between these programmes derives from a difference of relativising and absolutising rationalities. The parliament’s decision over Heathrow is an attempt to mitigate the conflict between conflicting policies. In the direct actions by Plane Stupid the issue is however demonstrated as a conflict, and absolute connections between the question of Heathrow and climate change are visualised. By making contestations of programmes and techniques of government, the practice of resistance relates to and utilise the productive powers of governmentality. The conflict of Heathrow touches upon dynamics of discursive modifications. The control and capacity to define the character of a problem are productive powers that are subjects for continuous negotiations, contestations and conflicts.

The studie aims to increase the understanding of ex-offenders need of support while establishing themselves in the labour market and to examine what knowledge of counselling can provide in order to develop Krami. Krami is a co-operation between Kriminalvården, Arbetsförmedlingen and in many cases even local authorities in Sweden. The aim of Krami is to help ex-offenders enter the labour market. Interviews with the staff and studies of policy documents give an idea of the contents of the initial counselling- course and show what the staff consider the challenges and needs for the participants. The study shows that the counselling course focuses on strengthening both self knowledge as well as knowledge about the labour market. The course also provides opportunities to develop the ability of making choices and to handle the consequences of the choices made. All those activities are central elements of counselling theories. Knowledge of counselling can contribute wtih methods and models of mapping and widening perspectives which many counsellor use in their daily work. / Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för tidigare dömdas behov av stöd vid etablering på arbetsmarknaden och belysa vad studie- och yrkesvägledning kan tillföra för att utveckla Krami. Krami är ett samarbete mellan Kriminalvården, Arbetsförmedlingen och i många fall även kommuner och har som uppdrag att hjälpa tidigare dömda in på arbetsmarknaden. Genom intervjuer med personal och studier av styrdokument ges en bild av vad vägledningskursen innehåller och hur personalen tänker kring målgruppens utmaningar och behov. Resultatet visar att man inom vägledningskursen arbetar med att stärka såväl deltagarnas självkännedom som kunskaper om arbetslivet. Det läggs även stor vikt vid att öva på att göra övertänkta val och att hantera konsekvenserna av dessa val. Detta är centrala inslag i många vägledningsteorier. Kunskaper om studie- och yrkesvägledning kan bidra till att utveckla vägledningskursen ytterligare genom de metoder och modeller för kartläggning och vidgning av perspektiv som många studie- och yrkesvägledare använder i sitt arbete.

Transfer to non-motorized transportation to the greatest extent possible is an important climate change mitigation strategy. Biking is a sustainable mean of transportation and increased biking is desirable on global, national, regional, local, and individual level. This study use Östersund, located in the middle of Sweden, as a case to analyse the conditions and challenges for increased biking and what role the biking infrastructure system, weather-related factors, and policies and programmes may play. A literature study on weather-related factors and policies and programmes was performed. How biking has developed over time was analysed and a distance analysis, the bike path infrastructures length and continuity, and accessibility was analysed in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. Investments on increased biking in Denmark and the Netherlands has been successful when a lot of effort has been put into development of the bike path infrastructure. The same result has been reached in Malmö, Sweden. However, the time aspect should not be underestimated since reaching high number of bikers seem to take many years, even decades. In the case of Östersund, temperature, wind and precipitation cause a decrease in biking. Number of bikers follow seasonal changes in temperature, the latter two have a temporary influence. Biking in Östersund is increasing even though there are fluctuations every other year. An interesting observation is that during the increased trend of biking the bike path infrastructure has been expanded. The bike path infrastructure is inconsistent with sudden ends every 2,03 km which may create a threshold for the increase of biking. Accessibility of the bike path system is high since over half the population has no longer than 100 m to a bike path. Distance may be a constricting factor since over half of randomised journeys are longer than a considerable comfortable biking distance of 5 km. Urban planning that treats biking as any other mean of transportation, development of a biking culture and individual habits is crucial for biking to increase. / <p>20180626</p>

Magister Educationis - Med / Parental involvement in low-income school communities in the Western Cape, South Africa, has received little attention irrespective of its significance to learner outcomes. This study explores parental involvement with regard to teachers' perceptions of parental involvement, as well as barriers and solutions to meaningful parental involvement in a low-income school community in the Western Cape. This study, in the form of a qualitative study, sought to establish how teachers perceived parental involvement, and what restricts parents with poor socio-economic backgrounds from becoming involving in their children's education. Additionally, the study sought to establish or develop ways in which parental involvement could be improved. This study adopted a qualitative method design using qualitative procedures such as semistructured interviews, focus group interviews, observation and an open-ended questionnaire. It emerged from the findings that teachers had limited understanding of parental involvement. They perceived parental involvement to be parent's school-based activities such as fund-raising and the provision of school materials for the learners. Most of the teachers were never exposed to training on how to involve parents. Teachers believed that lack of material resources and poor parental education contributed to the issue of a lack of parental involvement in the school. Furthermore, participant parents indicated that they are willing to become involved in their children's education; however, their involvement was restricted by various barrier factors such as poverty and a lack of enabling environment. Both (teachers and parents) participants also suggested programmes or useful ways in which parental involvement could be promoted, such as the provision of basic infrastructures, grant support, educational training or facilities and a supportive environment for the parents. The findings revealed that creating an enabling environment to nurture these parents' capabilities will improve parental involvement. The capability-approach framework was used not only to explain the restraining factors to parental involvement but also to propose or suggest ways or intervention measures to improve parental involvement in their children's education, especially the parents from the community of this research. The approach was use to analyse parental involvement with the view to develop parental involvement or parents' capabilities in the school community.