Hållbarhet är ett ämne som är aktuellt i många länder i världen. Social hållbarhet har i relation till ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet haft mindre fokus, men har växt alltmer de senaste åren. Social hållbarhet är särskilt viktig när det kommer till sjukhus med avseende på deras känsliga natur gentemot sjukhusets användare. I denna studie avgränsas sjukhusets användare främst till patienter och vårdpersonal, men även besökare. Sjukhusmiljön har en avgörande roll när det kommer till patientens läkningsprocess och vårdpersonalens arbetsplats. Sjukhus är även en plats där människor med olika bakgrund, förutsättningar och behov samlas vilket gör att social hållbarhet är en viktig aspekt att ta hänsyn till vid ombyggnad av sjukhus. I denna studie undersöks det hur projektledare uppfattar social hållbarhet och hur de arbetar med det vid ombyggnad av sjukhus med avseende på sjukhusets användare. För att besvara de frågeställningar som ställs i studien har intervjuer med sju projektledare och en hållbarhetsansvarig på ett landstingsägt fastighetsbolag utförts. Fastighetsbolaget förvaltar och utvecklar vårdfastigheter i ett av Sveriges större landsting. Vidare har även litteratur inom ämnet studerats för att i kombination med intervjuerna uppfylla studiens syfte och besvara studiens frågeställningar.  Resultatet av denna studie visar att projektledare har en relativt god uppfattning om vad social hållbarhet är, baserat på den teori som har studerats, men att de inte alltid arbetar med det i projekt på ett medvetet och strukturerat sätt. Begreppets breda omfattning och otydlighet är faktorer som projektledare tar upp som problem i arbetet med social hållbarhet vid ombyggnad av sjukhus. Vidare påvisar denna studie att projektledare arbetar med social hållbarhet, men inte med en systematisk syn på vad begreppet innebär. För att säkerställa att projektledare har goda förutsättningar i arbetet med social hållbarhet bör begreppet ha en tydlig definition. Kommunikationen kring begreppet bör också vara tydlig, både inom organisationen och inom projektet. Det finns även utrymme att förbättra de verktyg som projektledaren har till hands i projekt. / Sustainability is a subject that is relevant in many countries of the world. There has been less focus on social sustainability in relation to ecological and economic sustainability, but it has been growing more and more in recent years. Social sustainability is particularly important when it comes to hospitals in terms of their sensitive nature regarding the hospital users. In this study, ‘hospital users’ refer to patients, health care staff and visitors. The hospital environment plays a crucial role in the patient's healing process and the health care staff's work place. A hospital is also a place where people with different backgrounds, conditions and needs gather, which means that social sustainability is an important aspect to take into account in the rebuilding of hospitals. This study examines how project managers perceive social sustainability and how they work with it in rebuilding of hospitals with regard to hospital users. In order to answer the questions posed in the study, interviews with seven project managers and a sustainability manager at a county council owned real estate company have been conducted. The real estate company operates and develops health care properties in a larger county council in Sweden. Furthermore, literature within the subject has been studied in order to fulfill the study's purpose and to answer the questions, in combination with the interviews. The result of this study shows that project managers have a relatively good idea of what social sustainability is, but that they do not always work with it in projects in a conscious and structured way. The broad scope and the ambiguity of the concept are factors that are seen as problematic by the project managers when working with social sustainability in the rebuilding of hospitals. Furthermore, this study shows that project managers work with social sustainability, but not with a systematic view of what the concept means. In order to ensure that project managers have adequate prerequisites in the work with social sustainability, the concept should have a clear definition. Communication about the concept should also be clear, both within the organization and within the project. More over, the study shows that there is room for improvement of the tools that the project manager has at hand in projects.

The need for donor funding has increased significantly over the last decade. Without donor funding millions of people wouldn’t be alive today. Thanks either to research finding a cure, successful treatment, funds donated for food, aid toward building infrastructure, or giving people the opportunity to further their education. Donor funding thus facilitates a better future. A literature review was conducted to give background on the health sector and how these funds were distributed, ethical clearance, different types of reporting, the role project managers pays in a project and the sustainability of projects. Expenses in different countries were evaluated by gathering data from the internet, while two international funded projects are also used to state how funders divide their line items into different categories. The empirical study used a qualitative research approach by collecting and analysing data obtained from the MDG 2010 report and other freely available data on the web. The main findings from this thesis are: *The Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) influence donor funding as it gives donors a guide towards funding needs. Donors are also influenced by their own preferences or what poses a burden to them individually. *The different types of reporting required for funding received, delay a project and the bureaucratic structures thereof are a hindrance. *Ethical clearance plays a fundamental role in the outcome of a project, as without ethical clearance a project cannot commence. *The objectives of a project play a critical role when applying for funding. This can change the focus of a project. *Expenses differ from country to country and funders need to take this into account when giving funding to recipient countries. *Project Managers and community involvement plays a critical role in ensuring sustainability of projects. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF DONOR FUNDED PROJECTS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR *The MDG’s are not on track and aid are focus on singular goals instead of multiple goals, to ensure an overall improved result. There is a major gap between needed funds and given funds. A single injection of funds will not be the solution to our health problem; different sectors need to collaborate together as we are facing a multi-dimensional problem. Trade and reform must also form part of this aid, ensuring a sustainable progression in the life’s of people. Donor funded projects may have a sustainable future, when taking in account the abovementioned findings. With the world trend in reporting changing rapidly, cost and management accountants as well as financial accountants and project managers have to equip them to adhere to the new way of reporting, namely integrated and sustainability reporting. South Africa is way behind and needs to catch up fast if they want to stay competitive in the “global donor funding market”. The limitations in this study were that not all expenses were evaluated and only 15 countries were looked at. An indebt look was taken into Africa with the empirical review, while Asia is also combating poor health issues. Some African countries like Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe did not have sufficient data to compare with other countries. From the research conducted, the following topics were identified that require further research: *Why are most projects in Third World countries not sustainable? *What plans are put into action to ensure that the MDG goals are reached? *Investigate what works for First World countries health systems and consider how that can be applied to Third World countries to ensure that they also get the best health care available. *Do donors take into account the different costs of countries when allocating funding to that specific country? *Establishing models to evaluate the sustainability of pilot projects and normal projects. *Establishing a model on how to distribute donor funds across different needs and not only one specific need. / MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Companies globally have lost profit each year because of the lack of intra-organizational knowledge sharing. The purpose of this descriptive, multiple case study was to explore the knowledge management practice strategies that project management business leaders use to improve knowledge sharing in project-based organizations. Nine project management business leaders from 4 project-based organizations in metro Atlanta, Georgia completed individual Skype/phone semistructured interviews, and 5 project team members completed an in-person focus group discussion and an interview questionnaire. Knowledge management was the conceptual framework for this study, the basis for understanding the world around project management business leaders, and the implementation of knowledge management practice strategies for knowledge sharing. The individual interviews, focus group discussion, and interview questionnaire yielded the lived experiences of project management business leaders and the perceptions of project team members regarding knowledge sharing in their project-based organizations. The data were analyzed through data source triangulation and cross-case synthesis, which resulted in various themes such as communication, practices to overcome barriers, and a centralized resource center. The findings of this study may effect positive social change and the improvement of knowledge sharing by promoting the worth, dignity, and development of individuals, communities, organizations, cultures, or societies.

The need for donor funding has increased significantly over the last decade. Without donor funding millions of people wouldn’t be alive today. Thanks either to research finding a cure, successful treatment, funds donated for food, aid toward building infrastructure, or giving people the opportunity to further their education. Donor funding thus facilitates a better future. A literature review was conducted to give background on the health sector and how these funds were distributed, ethical clearance, different types of reporting, the role project managers pays in a project and the sustainability of projects. Expenses in different countries were evaluated by gathering data from the internet, while two international funded projects are also used to state how funders divide their line items into different categories. The empirical study used a qualitative research approach by collecting and analysing data obtained from the MDG 2010 report and other freely available data on the web. The main findings from this thesis are: *The Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) influence donor funding as it gives donors a guide towards funding needs. Donors are also influenced by their own preferences or what poses a burden to them individually. *The different types of reporting required for funding received, delay a project and the bureaucratic structures thereof are a hindrance. *Ethical clearance plays a fundamental role in the outcome of a project, as without ethical clearance a project cannot commence. *The objectives of a project play a critical role when applying for funding. This can change the focus of a project. *Expenses differ from country to country and funders need to take this into account when giving funding to recipient countries. *Project Managers and community involvement plays a critical role in ensuring sustainability of projects. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF DONOR FUNDED PROJECTS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR *The MDG’s are not on track and aid are focus on singular goals instead of multiple goals, to ensure an overall improved result. There is a major gap between needed funds and given funds. A single injection of funds will not be the solution to our health problem; different sectors need to collaborate together as we are facing a multi-dimensional problem. Trade and reform must also form part of this aid, ensuring a sustainable progression in the life’s of people. Donor funded projects may have a sustainable future, when taking in account the abovementioned findings. With the world trend in reporting changing rapidly, cost and management accountants as well as financial accountants and project managers have to equip them to adhere to the new way of reporting, namely integrated and sustainability reporting. South Africa is way behind and needs to catch up fast if they want to stay competitive in the “global donor funding market”. The limitations in this study were that not all expenses were evaluated and only 15 countries were looked at. An indebt look was taken into Africa with the empirical review, while Asia is also combating poor health issues. Some African countries like Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe did not have sufficient data to compare with other countries. From the research conducted, the following topics were identified that require further research: *Why are most projects in Third World countries not sustainable? *What plans are put into action to ensure that the MDG goals are reached? *Investigate what works for First World countries health systems and consider how that can be applied to Third World countries to ensure that they also get the best health care available. *Do donors take into account the different costs of countries when allocating funding to that specific country? *Establishing models to evaluate the sustainability of pilot projects and normal projects. *Establishing a model on how to distribute donor funds across different needs and not only one specific need. / MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Submitted by Luiz Gustavo Mauro de Queiroz (gus1971@gmail.com) on 2013-11-06T13:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 [FGV-EBAPE - MEX2012] - Dissertação - Diversidade de Gestores de Projeto Versao Final Biblioteca.pdf: 1683584 bytes, checksum: 04d5f06a46cb660008399f4f2fdd93be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-11-07T18:06:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 [FGV-EBAPE - MEX2012] - Dissertação - Diversidade de Gestores de Projeto Versao Final Biblioteca.pdf: 1683584 bytes, checksum: 04d5f06a46cb660008399f4f2fdd93be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-11-13T15:57:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 [FGV-EBAPE - MEX2012] - Dissertação - Diversidade de Gestores de Projeto Versao Final Biblioteca.pdf: 1683584 bytes, checksum: 04d5f06a46cb660008399f4f2fdd93be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-13T15:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 [FGV-EBAPE - MEX2012] - Dissertação - Diversidade de Gestores de Projeto Versao Final Biblioteca.pdf: 1683584 bytes, checksum: 04d5f06a46cb660008399f4f2fdd93be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Given the increasing structuring of permanent organizations in temporary organizations, here represented as projects, there is a proportional demand for qualified professionals to act as conductors of these contracts – the project managers (GP’s). This master s course dissertation research aims to study how different psycho - demographic traits , to wit: gender, ethnicity , sexual orie ntation and physical appearance , impact on life and professional development of the GP who holds them , under the prospect of t hese professionals . In the search for po ssible answers to this question , we went through the theory looking for the subsidies needed by the GP to satisfactorily perform his/her professional ac tivity and go up on the career ladder . We have seen that the har d skills of these professionals are designed and enriched by the methodologies and best practices brought by several international ass ociations of project management . However , the prescriptive actions of these methodologies only outline the broad contours of the soft s kills . This skill set has prove d crucial to the GP in his/her work , being apprehended empirically and enriched by the experience. Moreover , the career progression of a GP has been perceived by the growing complexity of the projects subordinated to him/her , as also by taking a strategic and less operational path . We have based the research on Brazilian culture , used as a framework to understand how these professionals perform such relations of leadership , communication, collaboration a nd respect with his/her stakeholders , i . e ., their soft skills , and orchestrate the necessary activities for the satisfactory completion of a project . On such a basis , we seek to understand potential biases and barriers for the different psycho - demographic and, in sequence , observe which impacts have been perceived by the GP ’ s in t he exercise of their activities , as well as in t he progression of their careers . We have b rought from t he f ield interviews with various GP 's holding different psycho - demographic t raits . Discourse analysis lent us the tools to analyze field data , embracing conclusions supported by the theoretical framework . As a result , we realized that Brazilian culture still features domination mechanisms embodied by a n androcentric , ethnically white and heterosexual group , with regulations and s tandards on overall physical appearance . We have also seen that the soft skills are influenced by the local culture , especially when exercised by minorities rejected by the dominant group . We perceive the existence of glass doors and ceilings in the life of a GP that embodies certain psycho - demographic traits , as well as an internalization of the androcentric logic. These professionals carry out their functions with a cost gre ater than that performed by ma le, white , heterosexuals and good - looking professionals, as well as need to prove resilient to such domination. The barriers for females also rise when the woman GP , even in the context of a temporary organization leadership , has exercised her motherhood . / Dada a crescente estruturação das organizações permanentes em organizações temporárias, aqui representadas como projetos, há uma demanda proporcional por profissionais qualificados que atuem como os maestros dessas empreitadas – os gerentes de projetos (GP’s). Esta pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo estudar como diferentes traços psicodemográficos, à saber: gênero, etnia, orientação sexual e aparência física, impactam na vida e na progressão profissional do GP que os detenha, pela perspectiva deste profissional. Na busca por possíveis respostas para essa questão, percorremos a teoria procurando os subsídios necessários ao GP para exercer satisfatoriamente sua atividade e ascender na carreira. Vimos que as hard skills desses profissionais são desenhadas e enriquecidas por meio das metodologias e boas práticas trazidas pelas diversas associações internacionais de gestão de projetos. Todavia, as ações prescritivas dessas metodologias apenas delineiam os contornos mais amplos das soft skills. Este conjunto de habilidades se mostrou fundamental para o GP em seu trabalho, sendo empiricamente apreendido e enriquecido pela experiência prática. Ademais, a progressão na carreira de GP é percebida frente à crescente complexidade dos projetos à ele subordinados, como também é percebida ao enveredar por caminhos mais estratégicos e menos operacionais. Calçamos a pesquisa sobre a cultura brasileira, usada como arcabouço para entender como tais profissionais exercem suas relações de liderança, comunicação, respeito e colaboração para com seus stakeholders, ou seja, suas soft skills, e orquestram as atividades necessárias para a conclusão satisfatória de um projeto. Sobre tal base, buscamos entender possíveis preconceitos e barreiras impostas às diferentes psicodemografias para, em sequência, observar quais impactos são percebidos pelos GP’s no exercício de suas atividades, bem como na progressão de suas carreiras. Trouxemos do campo entrevistas com vários GP’s de diferentes psicodemografias. A análise do discurso nos emprestou o ferramental para estudar os dados de campo, e abarcar conclusões sustentadas pela base teórica. Como resultado, percebemos que a cultura brasileira ainda apresenta mecanismos de dominação encarnados por um grupo androcêntrico, etnicamente branco e heterossexual, com prescrições e normas sobre a aparência física. Vimos também que as soft skills são influenciadas pela cultura local, principalmente quando são exercidas por minorias rejeitadas pelo grupo dominante. Percebemos a existência de portas e tetos de vidro na vida profissional de um GP que encarne determinados traços psicodemográficos, bem como uma introjeção de tal lógica androcêntrica. Tais profissionais exercem suas funções com um custo maior do que aquele realizado por homens, brancos, heterossexuais e de boa aparência, bem como precisam se mostrar resilientes à tal dominação. As barreiras para o gênero feminino também se erguem quando a GP mulher, mesmo em um contexto de liderança de uma organização temporária, exerce a maternidade.

Submitted by Leonardo Mangelli (leonardo.mangelli@gmail.com) on 2013-12-05T19:16:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - LEONARDO S.L. Passeri Mangelli - v10 - 14-11-2013.pdf: 2079193 bytes, checksum: d9e46ee3ee0b6eafc9b82a716ae12f77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-12-10T11:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - LEONARDO S.L. Passeri Mangelli - v10 - 14-11-2013.pdf: 2079193 bytes, checksum: d9e46ee3ee0b6eafc9b82a716ae12f77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-12-12T15:51:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - LEONARDO S.L. Passeri Mangelli - v10 - 14-11-2013.pdf: 2079193 bytes, checksum: d9e46ee3ee0b6eafc9b82a716ae12f77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-12T15:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - LEONARDO S.L. Passeri Mangelli - v10 - 14-11-2013.pdf: 2079193 bytes, checksum: d9e46ee3ee0b6eafc9b82a716ae12f77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-14 / This thesis aims to report the results of a study to check the use of project management practices, based on the PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) Guide, in the day-to-day by project professionals in Brazilian organizations. The effective and efficient implementation of a project requires a composition of knowledge, skills, techniques and tools that are used and defined in many project management guides. This composition is what we call as project management. This study about the degree of use of the practices consisted in a quantitative field survey with the individuals working with project management in their companies. Thus we identified the characteristics of professional, of your organization, the use of practices, and metrics of success of the project. It is emphasized that this research study is limited to Brazilian audience. To achieve the study goals, is was developed as: descriptive analysis, where we seek to describe the reality of project management presented by professionals; explanatory, aiming at clarifying the degree of utilization of these practices in relation to the PMBOK Guide in organizations; and exploratory, as there was little knowledge accumulated and systematized in this area in Brazil . We also use the literature review to consolidate the study of theories relating to the area of project management based on guides , periodicals and journals , academic papers and books on the subject matter. Through the quantitative analysis we sought the compliance of the data collected to allow the logical analysis of information in the process of searching for answers about the evaluation of the PMBOK Guide’s project management principles use degree by project professional in the Brazilian market. The results showed different use degrees of practices according to the nine knowledge areas of the PMBOK Guide and intriguing revelations when analyzed under perspectives like an existence of a PMO (project management office) in the company, project success and among others revealing that the context where the professionals and their organizations can contribute for a significant changing in the use degrees analyzed. This study aims to serve as factor for prospecting of others studies in the area of project management, promoting Brazilian scientific publications. / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo relatar o resultado de um estudo de verificação das práticas de gerenciamento de projetos, baseadas no Guia PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge), presentes no dia-a-dia pelos profissionais de projetos das organizações brasileiras. A execução eficaz, eficiente e efetiva de um projeto necessita de uma composição entre conhecimentos, habilidades, técnicas e ferramentas definidos em diversos guias de gestão de projetos. Essa composição é o que se denomina: gerenciamento de projetos. A fundamentação prática aqui apresentada baseou-se em uma pesquisa de campo quantitativa, que inquiriu sujeitos organizacionais atuantes em gestão de projetos em suas empresas. Assim, pôde-se verificar as características do profissional, de sua organização, do uso das práticas e das métricas de sucesso do projeto. Ressalte-se que este estudo limita-se ao Brasil, como ambiente em que atua o público-alvo de pesquisa. Para tanto, o estudo foi desenvolvido: de forma descritiva, a partir da realidade de gestão de projetos apresentada pelos profissionais; explicativa, tendo como objetivo central esclarecer qual o seu grau de utilização em relação ao Guia PMBOK, no contexto das organizações brasileiras; e exploratória, dado que existia pouco conhecimento acumulado e sistematizado a respeito deste tema, na área Brasil. A revisão bibliográfica, para consolidar o estudo das teorias referentes à área gestão de projetos, deu-se por meio de guias, periódicos e jornais especializados, trabalhos acadêmicos e livros sobre o tema em questão e demais textos virtuais. Da análise quantitativa, buscou-se a conformidade sobre os dados coletados a fim de se consolidar a consistência lógica das informações obtidas nas respostas sobre a avaliação do grau de uso do preceitos de gerenciamento de projetos do Guia PMBOK por parte dos profissionais de projetos, do mercado brasileiro. Os resultados demonstraram diferentes graus de uso das práticas relativas às nove áreas de conhecimento do Guia PMBOK. Pôde-se apurar, também, revelações intrigantes como a existência de um EGP (escritório de gestão de projetos) na empresa, como no contexto, no qual estão inseridos os profissionais e suas organizações, podem contribuir de modo significativo tanto na alteração dos graus de uso como no sucesso do projeto. Almeja-se que o presente estudo possa servir de elemento prospectivo para outras pesquisas na área de gerenciamento de projetos, fomentando a realização de trabalhos e publicações científicas, de âmbito brasileiro.

As a response to the need for efficiency and innovation that modern society hasplaced over healthcare organizations, they are constantly looking for more efficientand innovative tools that facilitate the daily practices for providers. In this context,the use of digital solutions or eHealth arises as an alternative for healthcare.Despite the potential benefits of eHealth solutions, healthcare leaders experiencedifficulties implementing them. For that reason, health services researchersacknowledge the critical role of implementation science in the sector. Seeking tomotivate organizations to embrace eHealth solutions and their benefits, thisresearch identifies the barriers and facilitators experienced by project managersduring the implementation projects of innovations in healthcare. Moreover, itproposes the clarification of concrete criteria to assess success derived from theoutcomes of an implementation project. Starting with a literature review, followedby qualitative research and a data collection through a total of ten semi-structuredinterviews with project managers. Moreover, the data analysis is made based onthematic analysis. The results identify three main facilitators for innovation: 1)maintaining a balanced level of understanding for all stakeholders, 2) to have opencommunication, and 3) to have a high involvement of the top management with theproject. Moreover, the most relevant barrier faced by managers is the lack of skilledand competent people within the organization. Regarding the success ofimplementation projects, the most relevant criteria are: 1) delivering in the righttime, budget, scope and quality (reach the project goals), 2) maintaining thecustomer and user satisfaction, and 3) increase in work efficiency in the healthcareorganizations. To some extent, the mentioned factors contribute to facilitating theimplementation of innovations in healthcare. The role of managers inimplementation is highly valuable since they represent the bridge between topmanagement and front-line employees. This research summarizes the experienceof the managers -from a consultancy company- while working in theimplementation of digital tools in healthcare. Therefore, the research provides abetter understanding regarding the barriers, facilitators and success criteria forimplementation.

The world has been affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and many companies and organizations have adopted different type of strategies in terms of the workplace in all sectors around the world. Working from home practice has gained prominence as a part of quarantine measures to curb the spread of the disease since the beginning of the outbreak. This abrupt change has a dramatic influence on the business life and employees have been struggling to adapt to their new way of working. Therefore their productivity has changed, too depending on various factors at their new workplace: home. Working from home is only possible with the use of information technology. Information technology makes it possible for the business life to continue owing to its solutions. Owing to the solutions of information technology, employees can communicate with each other and organizations and complete their tasks by sending and receiving written, audio and visual information. It is crucial for everyone’s sake that the employees working in information technology work efficiently, particularly in pandemic times. The key role of their success is played by their managers and coordinators. Therefore, this thesis focuses on IT project managers and coordinators’ productivity. The purpose of this study is to list the factors, as benefits and challenges, influencing the productivity of IT project managers and project coordinators working from home during COVID-19 pandemic and provide recommendations to the project managers and project coordinators and also public and private organizations and companies which prefer to continue working from home to increase their productivity. In this study, qualitative research method and descriptive statistics concerning the selected benefits and challenges are used via a self- administered digital survey responded by 46 project managers/coordinators. It is concluded that working from home due to COVID-19 pandemic has both positive and negative influences on productivity of the IT project managers/project coordinators. Many benefits, such as sleeping longer hours and being able to focus at home without open-office distractions and many challenges, such as being distracted by house chores and being disturbed by family members have been identified as a result of the survey. Respondents contributed to the study further by their valuable recommendations to public and private organizations and also to other IT project managers/coordinators who work from home during the pandemic to increase their productivity. The recommendations to other PM/PC are concerned with routine and discipline, work-life balance, breaks and doing other things, workspace, people around and communication. The recommendations to organizations, on the other hand, are concerned with various types of support, respecting time, flexibility about time, trust, communication and acceptance as family. Both the findings and recommendations may help IT project managers/coordinators and their employers to develop a more comprehensive vision in terms of increasing their productivity while working from home during the pandemic.

Contemporary organizations frequently employ projects to leverage work across organizational units, utilizing specialized knowledge from different niches of the organization to meet specific quality criteria in a defined time period, at a set cost. Project managers are integral to driving the success, often acting as hubs of knowledge both at the core within projects and towards the rest of an organization, as well as over time.       To realize this, project managers increasingly make use of technology to aid their knowledge sharing and drive digitalization in daily work, often with aspects of remote work to consider. To date little is known in how far a technology, and especially more recent technology, support this critical aspect of knowledge sharing as part of project management.              Thus, an interpretive qualitative approach was used to explore and interpret the ways in which a recent technology supports project managers’ knowledge sharing. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with project managers who already use such a technology in their work, for which the 3 C’s approach of analysis was used to generate 6 concepts based on the data. The concepts were then reviewed in context of the research questions and the selected theoretical framework, including the informatics domain model by Beynon-Davies. Thus, a discussion of the findings in this context revealed that according to the project managers’ perceptions in the chosen research setting, such a technology largely enables knowledge sharing activities in the daily work, both presenting new opportunities to do so more efficiently as well as leading to more challenges. It seems that the introduction of, or increased used of, the technology is changing not only the modus of knowledge sharing but also individuals’ way of working with regards to knowledge sharing: what, when and how knowledge is shared. However, whether such a change is perceived as positive or negative by an individual project manager draws upon a range of factors such as technical proficiency, duration of use to date as well as personal preferences regarding structure and organization of their work.       That said, the technology is supporting the daily knowledge sharing activities of project managers in so far that those who have made a full transition to the technology, all employ it on a daily basis and in a range of knowledge sharing activities.

Project managers must ensure risk management and business justification for their projects. Approximately, 53% of IT projects failed due to project managers not identifying risks early in the projects' lifecycle. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies IT project managers utilize to identify risks early in the project's lifecycle. The study population consisted of 5 lead IT project managers from a telecom company located in the Midwest region of the United States who had managed IT projects. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was the general systems theory. The data collection process involved semistructured interviews, a review of public documents, and member checking interviews to verify the authenticity of the participants' information. The data analysis process included the methodological triangulation, through interviewing and reviewing documents as well as using Yin's 5-step process for analyzing data to identify codes and themes. After the data analysis, the themes that emerged were self-development tools and risk identification (inputs, project tools and techniques, and output). The findings indicated it is crucial that the project team and all stakeholders who have an interest in the project continuously address risk management throughout the project's lifecycle. The implications for positive social change may help individuals understand risks better, interpret situations, and prevention of risk, which are essential to encourage economic inclusion, social protection, and environmental building.