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No / Luticasone propionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory activity that has been used effectively in the treatment of chronic asthma. The present work reports a vibrational spectroscopic study of fluticasone propionate and gives proposed molecular assignments on the basis of ab initio calculations using BLYP density functional theory with a 6-31G* basis set and vibrational frequencies predicted within the quasi-harmonic approximation. Several spectral features and band intensities are explained. This study generated a library of information that can be employed to aid the process monitoring of fluticasone propionate.

Einleitung: Bei Milchkühen häufen sich Erkrankungen in der Frühlaktation. Sie gehören zu den wichtigsten Ursachen frühzeitiger Merzung und damit der aktuell unbefriedigenden Nutzungsdauer. Ziele der Untersuchungen: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Stoffwechsel von Milchkühen in der kritischen Übergangszeit vom Trockenstehen zur Laktation (Transitphase) durch drei verschiedene prophylaktische Maßnahmen zu stabilisieren: mittels Huminsäuren Belastungen aus dem Darm einschließlich Endotoxinen zu mindern, mit einem Ammoniumpropionat-Propylenglykol- Gemisch die Energieversorgung zu verbessern sowie mit Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat die Stoffwechselfunktion der Leber zu fördern sowie gleichzeitig Entzündungsprozesse infolge der Kalbung zu hemmen. Materialien und Methoden: Die Untersuchungen wurden in einem sächsischen Bestand an 312 Kühen der Rasse „Holstein Friesian“ randomisiert innerhalb eines Jahres durchgeführt. An jeweils 78 Kühe wurden 300 ml Ammoniumpropionat-Propylenglykol-Gemisch(C3) täglich vom 14. Tag ante partum (a.p.) bis zum 14. Tag post partum (p.p.) oral verabreicht; ebenfalls oral wurden 100 g Huminsäure-Fertigpräparat (HS-FP) bzw. 50 g Huminsäuren-Rohstoff (HS-RS) im selben Zeitraum appliziert, und Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat (DEXA21) wurde einmalig am 1. Tag p.p. intramuskulär in der Dosierung 0,02 mg/kg Körpermasse verabreicht. 78 unbehandelte Kühe dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Die Auswirkungen dieser Maßnahmen auf Gesundheit, Leistung und Stoffwechsel wurden durch klinische Untersuchungen, durch Blutkontrollen am 14. Tag a.p., am 3. und 28. Tag p.p. (Leukozyten, freie Fettsäuren [FFS], Bilirubin, ß-0H-Butyrat[BHB], Glucose, Cholesterol, Creatinkinase [CK], Aspartat-Amino-Transferase [ASAT], Glutamat-Dehydrogenase [GLDH], gamma-Glutaryl-Transferase [GGT], Protein, Albumin, Mg, Fe, Ca, anorganisches Phosphat [Pi], Na, K) sowie durch die Erfassung von Gesundheitsstatus, Milchleistung und Fruchtbarkeit zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten geprüft. Ergebnisse: Die verschiedenen prophylaktischen Maßnahmen hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf Fruchtbarkeits- und Gesundheitsparameter. Bei den absoluten und fettkorrigierten Milchmengen konnten ebenfalls keine statistisch gesicherten Unterschiede zwischen den Versuchsgruppen und der Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden. Der Milcheiweißgehalt von C3 28 d p.p. sowie der Milchfettgehalt von DEXA21 und C3 100 d p.p. waren signifikant erhöht. Die Ergebnisse der Blutuntersuchungen ergaben hauptsächlich am 3., aber auch am 28. Tag p.p. gesicherte Unterschiede bei wichtigen Stoffwechselparametern wie Glucose, Cholesterol, Bilirubin, Protein, Albumin, Ca, Fe und CK. Die einmalige Gabe von Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat am 1. Tag p.p. hatte den besten Einfluss auf den Leber- und Energiestoffwechsel. In dieser Gruppe waren am 3. Tag p.p. die Glucose-, Bilirubin-, Cholesterol-, Protein, Ca- und Fe-Konzentrationen sowohl gegenüber der KG wie auch gegenüber allen anderen Versuchsgruppen signifikant günstiger. Für die Albumin- und Na-Konzentrationen sowie die CK-Aktivität traf das gegenüber der Kontroll- sowie der C3-Gruppe zu. Der Einsatz der Wirkstoffe mit HS-RS, HS-FP sowie C3 führte ebenfalls zu positiven Effekten auf die Leistung und den Stoffwechsel gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe, jedoch ließen sich diese nur in wenigen Fällen statistisch sichern. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Applikation von Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat einen Tag p.p. stabilisiert signifikant den Stoffwechsel von Kühen nach dem Partus. Gleichartige Effekte auf Milch- und Fruchtbarkeitsleitung sowie die Morbidität konnten nicht gesichert nachgewiesen werden. Für Huminsäure-Rohstoff, Huminsäure-Fertigpräparat sowie Ammoniumpropionat-Propylenglykol-Gemisch waren solche Effekte tendenziell erkennbar, statistisch aber nicht zu sichern. Auch wenn besonders mit Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat der Stoffwechsel in Belastungssituationen kurzfristig stabilisiert werden kann, müssen generell Haltung und Fütterung analysiert sowie Mängel beseitigt werden. / Problem: In dairy cattle diseases are common in early lactation. They are among the main causes of early culling and the current unsatisfactory productive life. Objective: The aim of this work was to stabilize metabolism of dairy cows in the critical transition period from standing dry to lactation by three different prophylactic applications: using humic acids to minimize strain from the gut including endotoxins, using ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol to improve energy supply and dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate to promote metabolic function of the liver and at the same time to inhibit inflammatory processes following parturition. Experimental design: The studies were performed in a Saxon dairy farm on 312 cows of the „Holstein Friesian\" breed, randomly performed within one year. 78 cows were administered orally 300 ml ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol (C3) daily from 14 days before parturition (a.p.) to 14 days after parturition (p.p.), another 78 cows 100 g of a humic acid drug (HS-FP) or 50 g of humic acid raw material (HS-RS) were administered orally in the same period and dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate (DEXA21) was applied intramuscularly to another 78 cows on the first day p.p. in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg body weight. 78 untreated cows were used as control group. The impact of these administrations on health, performance and metabolism has been measured by clinical examinations and blood tests on 14. day a.p., on 3. and 28. day p.p. (Leukocytes, free fatty acids [ FFS ], bilirubin, beta-0H-butyrate [BHB] , glucose, cholesterol, creatine kinase [CK], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], glutamate dehydrogenase [GLDH], gamma glutaryl transferase [GGT], protein, albumin, Mg, Fe, Ca, inorganic phosphate [Pi] , Na, K) and was verified by detection of health status, milk yield and fertility. Results: The different prophylactic administrations had no significant effect on fertility and health parameters. The absolute and fat- corrected milk yields also showed no statistically reliable differences between experimental groups and control group. Milk protein content in C3 28 days p.p. and milk fat content in DEXA21 and C3 100 days p.p. were significantly increased. Blood control results showed mainly on 3. and 28. day p.p. important differences in metabolic parameters, such as glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, protein, albumin, Ca, Fe and CK, which are statistically secured. A single dose of dexamethasone-21- isonicotinate on first day p.p. had the best effect on liver and energy metabolism. Three days p.p. glucose, bilirubin, cholesterol, protein, Ca and Fe concentrations performed significantly better in DEXA21 group compared both to control group and all other treatment groups. For albumin and Na concentrations and CK activity that was true with respect to control and C3 group. The use of a humic acid drug, humic acid raw material and ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol had positive impact on performance and metabolism compared with control group too, but could be statistically secured in only a few cases. Conclusions: The application of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate at the first day p.p. significantly stabilizes metabolism in cows after parturition. Similar effects on milk yield and fertility as well as morbidity could not be observed. For humic acid drug, humic acid raw material and ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol such effects tended to be recognizable, but cannot be statistically secured. Metabolism can be stabilized in short term stress situations with dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate, general care and feeding must be analyzed and deficiencies have to be eliminated.

Burkholderia sacchari é uma nova espécie bacteriana do solo brasileiro que tem a capacidade de crescer em sacarose e acumular grânulos intracelulares de poliésteres pertencentes à família dos polihidroxiaIcanoatos (PHA). Quando cultivado em sacarose, o homopolímero poli-3¬hidroxibutirato é acumulado por esta bactéria, que é usado como um plástico biodegradável e biocompatível. Quando sacarose e ácido propiônico são fornecidos como fontes de carbono, as células de B. sacchari acumulam o copolímero poli-3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato (P3HB-co-3HV). Entretanto, uma pequena porcentagem do ácido propiônico fornecido é convertido a unidades 3HV devido à eficientes vias catabólicas que convertem este substrato preferencialmente a biomassa, CO2 e água, reduzindo portanto a eficiência da produção do polímero. Ao menos duas vias do catabolismo de propionato foram previamente propostas em B. sacchari: a-oxidação e ciclo do 2-metilcitrato (2MCC), sendo somente a última confilmada no nível molecular. Mutantes UV, obtidos anteriormente, foram incapazes de crescer em propionato (prp) e também apresentaram fenótipo afetado no crescimento em intermediários da a-oxidação. No presente trabalho, após uma busca em bibliotecas genômicas de B. sacchari, uma delas construída também no presente trabalho, três diferentes fragmentos de DNA presentes nos clones AI, PI e P2 foram capazes de restaurar o fenótipo prp+ aos mutantes. Experimentos quantitativos revelaram que AI somente restaurou parcialmente a conversão de propionato a unidades 3HV aos mutantes. PI foi capaz de restaurar a capacidade de crescimento em propionato, e em outros intermediários da a-oxidação, a um dos mutantes. Um DNA de 1.2 Kb, subfragmento de PI, ainda capaz de complementar mutantes prp, foi subclonado e seqüenciado, demonstrando similaridade a seqüências de DNA codificadoras de reguladores transcricionais do tipo LysR de várias bactérias, incluindo espécies de Bllrkholderia. Regiões adjacentes a LysR em diferentes genomas de Burkholderia são anotados como codificadores de acil-CoA desidrogenases, ao lado de proposta acil-CoA transferases/carnitina desidrogenases e de uma permease do facilitador maior da superfamília MFS-l. Após confirmação das mesmas regiões adjacentes em B. sacchari e também a sua específica deleção, será possível provar a presença da via do catabolismo de propionato indicada neste trabalho. / Burkholderia sacchari is a new bacterial species from brazilian soil, able to grow in sucrose, accumulating intracellular granules of polyester belonging to the polyhydroxyalkanoate family (PHA). When cultivated on sucrose, the homopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate is accumulated by this bacterium, which is used as biodegradable and biocompatible plastic. When sucrose and propionic acid are supplied as carbon sources, B. sacchari cells accumulate the copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (P3HB-co-3HV). However, a small percentage ofthe propionic acid supplied is converted to 3HV units, because efficient catabolic pathways convert this substrate preferentially to biomass, CO2 and water, thus reducing the efficiency of polymer production. At least two propionate catabolic pathways have been previously indicated in B. sacchari: a-oxidation and the 2-methylcitric acid (2MCC), the latter confirmed at molecular leveI. UV mutants previously obtained were unable to grow in propionate (prp) and also showed the phenotype affected concerning grow on intermediates of propionate a-oxidation. In the present work, after a screening in B. sacchari genomic libraries, one ofthem constructed also in the present work, the prp + phenotype was restored to the mutants by three different DNA fragments harbored by dones A), PI and P2. Quantitative experiments revealed that AI restored only partially the quantitative conversion of propionate to 3HV units to the mutants. PI restored the ability to grow in propionate and in other intermediates of a-oxidation to one prp mutant. A DNA 1.2 Kb subfragment of PI, still able to complement prp mutants, was subcloned and sequenced, showing similarity to DNA sequences encoding to LysR-type transcriptional regulators of various bacteria, including BlIrkholderia species. Adjacent regions to LysR in different genomes of BlIrkholderia are annotated as encoding to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, neighboring a predicted acyl-CoA transferases/carnitine dehydratase and a permease ofthe major facilitator superfamily MFS-1. After confirmation ofthe same adjacent regions in B. sacchari and also their especific deletion, it will be possible to prove the presence of the pathway indicated here in the catabolism of propionate.

Nitronate monooxygenase (E.C. 1.13.11.16), formerly known as 2-nitropropane dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.32), is a flavin dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitronates to their corresponding carbonyl compounds and nitrite. Despite the fact that the enzyme was first isolated from Neurospora crassa 60 years ago, the biochemical and physiological properties of nitronate monooxygenase have remained largely elusive. This dissertation will present the work that established both the catalytic mechanism and physiological role of the fungal enzyme. The biological and biochemical properties of propionate-3-nitronate, the recently discovered physiological substrate for nitronate monooxygenase, will be extensively reviewed. The nitronate is produced by a variety of variety leguminous plants and fungi and is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Nitronate monooxygenase allows N. crassa to overcome the toxicity of propionate-3-nitronate as demonstrated by in vivo studies of the yeast, which showed that the wild-type can grow in the presence of the toxin whereas a knock out mutant that lacks the gene encoding for the enzyme could not. In addition to establishing the physiological role of nitronate monooxygenase, the work presented here demonstrates that the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme involves the formation of an anionic flavosemiquinone intermediate. This intermediate is stabilized by the protonated form of an active site histidine residue (His-196) that acts as an electrostatic catalyst for the reaction as demonstrated by pH studies of the reductive half reaction of the enzyme. Histidine 196 also serves as the catalytic base for the reaction of the enzyme with nitroethane as substrate as revealed through mutagenesis studies in which the residue was replaced with an asparagine. The kinetic implications of branching of reaction intermediates in enzymatic catalysis are also demonstrated through studies of the kinetic isotope effects of nitronate monooxygenase with 1,1-[2H2]-nitroethane as substrate. Finally the use of competitive inhibitors as a probe of enzyme structure will be presented through a study of the inhibition of nitronate monooxygenase with mono-valent inorganic ions. The dissertation will close with unpublished work on the enzyme and concluding remarks concerning the biochemistry and physiology of nitronate monooxygenase.

This thesis is an investigation of dietary alterations, including the addition of fibre and an appetite suppressant (alternative diet) and the use of a skip-a-day (SAD) feeding regime, which may reduce hunger. Broiler breeders are severely feed restricted to limit growth, leading to symptoms of chronic hunger. We used behavioural indices, feather condition scoring and preference tests were used to compare satiating properties of the diets. Alternative diets reduced symptoms of hunger such as feather, object and aggressive pecking and resulted in better feather condition. Although SAD birds feather pecked more during feeding bouts, SAD birds still had better feather condition than daily birds. Preference testing revealed no differences in dietary preference, implying a lack of preference, or a methodological flaw. However, no aversion to the alternative diet was evident. Alternative diets, regardless of feeding frequency, may be the best option for bettering the welfare of growing broiler breeders. / Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, OMAFRA, Canadian Poultry Research Council

Burkholderia sacchari é uma nova espécie bacteriana do solo brasileiro que tem a capacidade de crescer em sacarose e acumular grânulos intracelulares de poliésteres pertencentes à família dos polihidroxiaIcanoatos (PHA). Quando cultivado em sacarose, o homopolímero poli-3¬hidroxibutirato é acumulado por esta bactéria, que é usado como um plástico biodegradável e biocompatível. Quando sacarose e ácido propiônico são fornecidos como fontes de carbono, as células de B. sacchari acumulam o copolímero poli-3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato (P3HB-co-3HV). Entretanto, uma pequena porcentagem do ácido propiônico fornecido é convertido a unidades 3HV devido à eficientes vias catabólicas que convertem este substrato preferencialmente a biomassa, CO2 e água, reduzindo portanto a eficiência da produção do polímero. Ao menos duas vias do catabolismo de propionato foram previamente propostas em B. sacchari: a-oxidação e ciclo do 2-metilcitrato (2MCC), sendo somente a última confilmada no nível molecular. Mutantes UV, obtidos anteriormente, foram incapazes de crescer em propionato (prp) e também apresentaram fenótipo afetado no crescimento em intermediários da a-oxidação. No presente trabalho, após uma busca em bibliotecas genômicas de B. sacchari, uma delas construída também no presente trabalho, três diferentes fragmentos de DNA presentes nos clones AI, PI e P2 foram capazes de restaurar o fenótipo prp+ aos mutantes. Experimentos quantitativos revelaram que AI somente restaurou parcialmente a conversão de propionato a unidades 3HV aos mutantes. PI foi capaz de restaurar a capacidade de crescimento em propionato, e em outros intermediários da a-oxidação, a um dos mutantes. Um DNA de 1.2 Kb, subfragmento de PI, ainda capaz de complementar mutantes prp, foi subclonado e seqüenciado, demonstrando similaridade a seqüências de DNA codificadoras de reguladores transcricionais do tipo LysR de várias bactérias, incluindo espécies de Bllrkholderia. Regiões adjacentes a LysR em diferentes genomas de Burkholderia são anotados como codificadores de acil-CoA desidrogenases, ao lado de proposta acil-CoA transferases/carnitina desidrogenases e de uma permease do facilitador maior da superfamília MFS-l. Após confirmação das mesmas regiões adjacentes em B. sacchari e também a sua específica deleção, será possível provar a presença da via do catabolismo de propionato indicada neste trabalho. / Burkholderia sacchari is a new bacterial species from brazilian soil, able to grow in sucrose, accumulating intracellular granules of polyester belonging to the polyhydroxyalkanoate family (PHA). When cultivated on sucrose, the homopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate is accumulated by this bacterium, which is used as biodegradable and biocompatible plastic. When sucrose and propionic acid are supplied as carbon sources, B. sacchari cells accumulate the copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (P3HB-co-3HV). However, a small percentage ofthe propionic acid supplied is converted to 3HV units, because efficient catabolic pathways convert this substrate preferentially to biomass, CO2 and water, thus reducing the efficiency of polymer production. At least two propionate catabolic pathways have been previously indicated in B. sacchari: a-oxidation and the 2-methylcitric acid (2MCC), the latter confirmed at molecular leveI. UV mutants previously obtained were unable to grow in propionate (prp) and also showed the phenotype affected concerning grow on intermediates of propionate a-oxidation. In the present work, after a screening in B. sacchari genomic libraries, one ofthem constructed also in the present work, the prp + phenotype was restored to the mutants by three different DNA fragments harbored by dones A), PI and P2. Quantitative experiments revealed that AI restored only partially the quantitative conversion of propionate to 3HV units to the mutants. PI restored the ability to grow in propionate and in other intermediates of a-oxidation to one prp mutant. A DNA 1.2 Kb subfragment of PI, still able to complement prp mutants, was subcloned and sequenced, showing similarity to DNA sequences encoding to LysR-type transcriptional regulators of various bacteria, including BlIrkholderia species. Adjacent regions to LysR in different genomes of BlIrkholderia are annotated as encoding to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, neighboring a predicted acyl-CoA transferases/carnitine dehydratase and a permease ofthe major facilitator superfamily MFS-1. After confirmation ofthe same adjacent regions in B. sacchari and also their especific deletion, it will be possible to prove the presence of the pathway indicated here in the catabolism of propionate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:19:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANTAS_Patricia_2011.pdf: 2256820 bytes, checksum: e36b1fbb6b7a53c4ba196910208d1dd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Hydrogels derived from cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate (CA) were synthesized with the cross-linking agents PMDA (Pyromellitic Dianhydride) and BTDA (Dianhydride 3, 3 ', 4, 4' Benzophenone Tetracarboxylated) with 3:1 stoichiometry in relation to the mass of the crosslinker agent x mass of available hydroxyls in the polymer chain. The gels were obtained in the form of films and particles, the raw materials were characterized with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy in Region of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and in relation to the degree of substitution (GS). The gels synthesized were characterized using FTIR techniques in order to show the esterification, TGA and DSC to perform comparative analysis and study of thermal properties between the CAP and CA reagents and gels, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used for observation of the gels synthesized and the geometry of the particles obtained, the porosity of observation and observation of surface changes, was performed to determine the crosslinking density of the second theory of Flory Rehner, study the density of the gels, and degree of swelling of the study best solvent for swelling of the gels. Gels derived from CAP were tested in the adsorption studies and controlled release of the herbicide paraquat. For the phenomenon of controlled release, we studied the phenomena of transport and release curves. The release profiles were studied by using the mathematical model published by Korsmeyer-Peppas and the mainly results has showed that model was appropriated for process data analysis of controlled release in long periods. / Hidrogéis derivados de Propionato Acetato de Celulose (CAP) e Acetato de Celulose (CA) foram sintetizados com os agentes reticuladores PMDA (Dianidrido Piromelítico) e BTDA (Dianidrido 3, 3´, 4, 4´ Benzofenona Tetracarboxílico), com estequiometrias 3:1 em relação à massa do agente reticulador x massa de hidroxilas disponíveis na cadeia polimérica, com obtenção de géis em formato de filmes e particulados; as matérias-primas foram caracterizadas com Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e em relação ao Grau de Substituição (GS). Os géis sintetizados foram caracterizados utilizando as técnicas de FTIR, para evidenciação da esterificação; TGA e DSC para realização de análise comparativa e estudo das propriedades térmicas entre os reagentes CAP e CA e os géis obtidos; e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), utilizada para observação dos géis sintetizados em relação à geometria das partículas obtidas, observação da porosidade e observação de alterações superficiais; foi realizada a determinação da densidade de ligações cruzadas segundo a Teoria de Flory Rehner; estudo da densidade dos géis, que variaram de 0,4 a 1,51 g/cm3; grau de inchamento que obteve variações entre os diferentes géis de 6,53 à 11,8; e o estudo do melhor solvente para intumescimento dos géis. Nos géis derivados de CAP, foram realizados ensaios de adsorção e liberação controlada do herbicida Paraquat. Para o fenômeno de liberação controlada, foram estudados os fenômenos de transporte e as curvas de liberação; os perfis de liberação foram estudados pelo modelo matemático de Korsmeyer-Peppas; e apresentaram como o gel com maior porcentagem de adsorção e melhor potencial para liberação controlada por longos períodos o gel CAP 3B1.

L’asthme sévère de l’enfant est une pathologie respiratoire chronique dont le traitement est difficile. L’épithélium bronchique à l’interface de l’organisme et de l’environnement, est un pivot central dans la maladie asthmatique. Le but de ce travail a donc été d’étudier l’épithélium bronchique de l’enfant asthmatique sévère.Dans un premier temps, j’ai développé un modèle de reproduction d’épithélium bronchique in vitro obtenu à partir de cellules épithéliales bronchiques issues de biopsies bronchiques d’enfants asthmatiques sévères. J’ai comparé ces épithélia obtenus chez l’enfant à ceux obtenus chez l’adulte. Nous avons spécifiquement étudié un marqueur inflammatoire important dans l’asthme sévère, le TSLP. J'ai montré 2 isoformes de TSLP ayant un rôle contraire, anti inflammatoire et proinflammatoire. Dans un deuxième temps, j’ai mis au point un modèle d’exacerbation d’asthme viro-induite. J’ai utilisé le modèle de culture et soumis les cellules à une stimulation Poly I:C. Les différentes cytokines sécrétées lors d’une exacerbation asthmatique virale ont été retrouvées augmentées dans notre modèle : CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CXCL9 et RANTES. Enfin, j’ai étudié le propionate de fluticasone dans le modèle d’exacerbation asthmatique. Nous avons montré que l’effet de la fluticasone est différent entre les cellules épithéliales bronchiques issues de témoins et celles issues d’asthme sévère. Le modèle de stimulation viro-induite a permis d’étudier l’effet des corticoïdes inhalés sur l’épithélium bronchique et va permettre d’étudier les voies mécanistiques en jeu dans les exacerbations viro-induites, de tester d’autres molécules et proposer d’autres pistes thérapeutiques. / Severe childhood asthma is a chronic respiratory disease difficult to control despite treatment. Bronchial epithelium, at the interface between the body and the environment, is a central pivot in the asthmatic disease. The aim of this study was to examine the bronchial epithelium of severe asthmatic children. Initially, I developed a bronchial epithelium in vitro reproduction model obtained from bronchial epithelial cells from bronchial biopsies of severe asthmatic children. I compared these epithelia obtained in children with those obtained in adults. We specifically studied an important inflammatory marker in severe asthma,TSLP. I have highlighted the presence of two isoforms of TSLP which have an opposite role, anti-inflammatory for the short form and the long form for proinflammatory.Secondly, I developed an asthma exacerbation model of virus-induced. I used the culture model and challenged bronchial cells with poly I:C to. Different cytokines secreted upon viral asthma exacerbation were found increased in our model: CXCL8, CXCL 10, CCL2, RANTES and CXCL9.Finally, I have studied fluticasone propionate in the exacerbation asthmatic model. I studied cells from asthmatic and from non asthmatic children. Interestingly, we have shown that the effect of fluticasone is different between bronchial epithelial cells from non asthmatic children and those from severe asthma.The model of virus-induced stimulation was used to study the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bronchial epithelium and will allow studying the mechanistic pathways involved in virus-induced exacerbations, testing other molecules and propose other therapeutic approaches.