O presente trabalho procura contemplar a representação da figura que tradicionalmente conhecemos pelo nome de ortônimo, dentro da obra de Fernando Pessoa. Segundo os mais recentes estudos sobre o assunto, esse sujeito tem, na ficção heteronímica, um estatuto semelhante ao de Caeiro, Campos ou Reis. Nossa hipótese vai no sentido contrário e defende que, diferentemente dessas três personagens, o ortônimo é portador de uma dupla natureza compartilhando, ao mesmo tempo, o estatuto de autor e personagem. Para explicar como isso se dá fazemos uma análise dividida em duas partes. Na primeira, nos detemos na prosa de Pessoa, procurando delimitar o papel do ortônimo dentro da ficção heteronímica. Na segunda, fazemos um estudo comparativo entre certos aspectos da poesia heteronímica e ortonímica, procurando mostrar como estatuto do eu que fala nessa última se afasta do mundo ideal dos heterônimos para figurar uma experiência literária que, em última instância, propõe uma reflexão a respeito do papel do autor dentro da obra. / This thesis contemplates the representation of the orthonym in Fernando Pessoa´s poetic work. Recent studies defend the idea that it should have, in Pessoa´s fiction, the same status as the others heteronyms, Caeiro, Reis e Campos. We, however, disagree with that approach. Instead, we believe that the orthonym has a double status and can be understood also as a representation of the author in Pessoa´s work. In order to explain how this is possible, we make an analysis in two parts. First, we study Pessoa´s prose, trying to understand what is the orthonimic´s role in the heteronimic´s fiction. Then we make a comparative study of certain aspects of Pessoa´s poetry. Doing so, we intent to show that, while the heteronyms are represented as pure literary beings, the orthonym depicts the author´s literary experience.

Comptant parmi les figures les plus éminentes de la littérature arthurienne, célèbre au Moyen Âge comme dans les périodes postérieures, Merlin demeure pourtant un personnage polymorphe et contradictoire. Un double angle d’étude permettra de saisir ses ambiguïtés et de constituer une poétique du personnage. D’abord, dans une perspective relationnelle, le bestiaire, c’est-à-dire la faune littéraire, constitue un élément de sa définition. Dans les Suites rétrospectives du Merlin en prose (la Suite dite « Vulgate » la Suite dite « Post-Vulgate » et le Livre d’Artus), romans qui constituent l’aboutissement des proses arthuriennes du XIIIe siècle, cet axe relationnel rencontre ensuite une perspective intertextuelle. Par son extension et sa nature, le bestiaire merlinien se révèle extrêmement variable et difficilement classable, à l’image du personnage. Présidant aux relations entre le personnage et le bestiaire, les paradigmes de l’incarnation et de la voix, ainsi que la dialectique intus/foris, laissent percevoir une complexification croissante de Merlin, qui allie un rôle de vates responsable de la fiction et du bestiaire prophétique et une dimension proprement romanesque à l’issue du Merlin en prose. Enfin, dans les Suites du Merlin en prose, le bestiaire rend aussi bien compte du (re)développement et de la fin conjoints de ces deux aspects du personnage que de la poétique des textes. Par le biais de relations métonymiques, métaphoriques et analogiques avec Merlin, le bestiaire construit ainsi trois conceptions synchroniquement contrastées du personnage, en adéquation avec la tonalité et les objectifs poétiques différents des Suites. Il participe alors du message moral et des réflexions poétiques que chacun de ces romans, conscient de ses enjeux, véhicule. / One of the most eminent figures of Arthurian literature, renowned in the Middle Ages as in later periods, Merlin remains however a polymorphous and contradictory character. A study focusing on two aspects will allow us to perceive his ambiguities and to form the poetics of the character. Firstly, from a relational perspective, the bestiary, that is to say the literary fauna, constitutes an element of this definition. In Prose Merlin’s retrospective prose sequels (the “Vulgate” Suite, the “Post-Vulgate” Suite and the Livre d’Artus), romances which constitute the apex of thirteenth century Arthurian texts in prose, this relation axis encounters an intertextual perspective. By its extent and its nature the Merlin bestiary reveals itself to be extremely variable and difficult to categorize, as is the nature of the character. The paradigms of incarnation and voice, together with the intus/foris dialectics, that govern the relations between the character and the bestiary, show that Merlin becomes increasingly complex, because he combines a role of vates responsible for the fiction and the prophetic bestiary with a distinctly romantic dimension by the end of the Prose Merlin. Finally, in the Prose Merlin sequels, the bestiary also explains both the (re)development and the end of these two aspects of the character, as well as the poetics of the texts. Through the metonymical, metaphorical and analogical relations with Merlin, the bestiary thus builds up three different synchronically contrasting conceptions of the character, matching the tone and the various poetical purposes in the Suites. It contributes thus to the moral message and the poetical thoughts that each of these romances, aware of their portent, consciously carry.

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This investigation was concerned with whether linguistic competence with printed material is related to the retention of information contained in prose passages of high readability. The specific purpose of the study was to investigate relationships between linguistic competence and free recall, immediate, delayed, and practiced, after the reading of a passage of high readability. In a review of related literature, indications were found that linguistic competence could be expressed by test scores of reading achievement. Therefore, in this study linguistic competence was operationally defined by scores of literal and inferential reading comprehension.

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This collection of poems and paintings seeks to find the places where visual and written communication intersects, and the places where those two media diverge. The collection consists of poems and paintings juxtaposed, as if in conversation with one another throughout the pages. The collection treats each painting and poem as a separate attempt at prayer. As a reader turns the pages, similar questions are asked again and again, but in different settings and with different outcomes. This collection focuses on finding reconciliation between the oral culture of storytelling and the written culture of ideas, all within the context of prayer.

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The Drought is a collection of six stories set mostly in South Florida. Each story focuses on a young man or young men as they enter the world. Overall, there are many themes at play across the collection, with the most notable being overcoming anxiety, coming of age, and life as a middle-class millennial. The young men in these stories are being ushered into the real world, and they must learn quickly in order to adapt, and in some cases, survive. The collection also showcases the range of the middle class, and how different a person's story can be when comparing the lower middle to the upper middle. In the title story, "The Drought," a boy with a dying mother must decide if he's going to become a drug kingpin to make the money he needs to care for his little brother. In "What's the Jwett?" three friends decide if they want to get into the local weed trade. In "Turbulence," an up-and-coming DJ learns about the importance of patience and developing one's craft. The Drought is a snapshot of life as a youth in South Florida.

Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly laisse une œuvre polymorphe. Les années 1851-1865 sont, à cet égard, exemplaires. Chaque semaine, il écrit un article pour Le Pays et envoie une lettre à son ami Trebutien. Jamais autant de récits aurevilliens n’auront paru qu’à cette période : la première des Diaboliques, Le Dessous de cartes d’une partie de whist, et les romans Une vieille maîtresse, L’Ensorcelée, Le Chevalier des Touches et Un prêtre marié. Menant de front ces écritures, Barbey semble cependant les dissocier. L’écriture critique, soumise aux conditions éditoriales des journaux, relève de l’urgence, de la censure et de “ la Nécessité ”. En revanche, les lettres donnent la liberté de “ rugir ” ; elles ouvrent une parenthèse au milieu du “ tintamarre ” pressant des journaux et de la “ fournaise ” du travail romanesque. Celui-ci – par le pouvoir de l’Imagination – apparaît néanmoins comme le lieu privilégié d’une expression personnelle authentique. Pouvons-nous imputer de manière aussi catégorique une fonction à la lettre, à l’article et au roman ? Certes, la correspondance est un espace de spontanéité où Barbey pénètre souvent en “ triple hâte ” ; elle ouvre aussi une véritable réflexion sur l’écriture, sert de matrice au roman et à la critique. De même, l’écriture critique nourrit la création romanesque, affine les choix esthétiques. Ce polymorphisme, loin de cantonner les genres dans une fonction et une esthétique particulières, dessine une cohérence générale où chaque écriture influence l’autre pour tenter d’atteindre “ l’éloquence du cœur ”. C’est bien cet idéal d’écriture que Barbey d’Aurevilly poursuit de 1851 à 1865 et qui fonde l’esthétique de sa prose. / Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly left a polymorphous work. In that respect, the years 1851-1865 were exemplary. Every week he wrote an article for Le Pays and sent a letter to his friend Trebutien. No other period saw so many Aurevillien tales published : the first short story of Les Diaboliques, Le Dessous de cartes d’une partie de whist, and novels : Une vieille maîtresse, L’Ensorcelée, Le Chevalier des Touches et Un prêtre marié. Though he had to deal with those pieces of writing at the same time, Barbey seemed to dissociate them. Critical writing, submitted to editorial conditions of newspapers resulted from emergency, censorship and “Necessity”. On the other hand, the letters gave him a chance to “roar”: they opened parentheses amongst the pressing “din” of the newspapers and the “furnace” of novel writing. The latter – through the power of Imagination – appeared nonetheless as the privileged place for authentic personal expression. However, can we grant a function to a letter, an article or a novel in such a categorical manner? Of course, letters offered Barbey space for spontaneity into which he entered hurriedly. They also gave food for thought on writing itself, and were used as a pattern for novel and critical writing. In the same way, critical writing improved fiction and refined esthetic choices. This polymorphism did not limit genres to a particular function or aesthetic choice but designed a global coherence in which each piece of writing influenced another to try and reach ‘the eloquence of the heart’. Indeed that was the ideal writing Barbey d’Aurevilly pursued from 1851 to 1865 and which created the aesthetic qualities of his prose.