Reconciliação é o processo de prover uma visão consistente de dados provenientes de várias fontes de dados. Embora existam na literatura trabalhos voltados à proposta de soluções de reconciliação baseadas em colaboração assíncrona, o desafio de reconciliar dados quando vários usuários colaborativos trabalham de forma assíncrona sobre as mesmas cópias locais de dados, compartilhando somente eventualmente as suas decisões de integração particulares, tem recebido menos atenção. Nesta tese de doutorado investiga-se esse desafio, por meio da proposta do modelo AcCORD (Asynchronous COllaborative data ReconcIliation moDel). AcCORD é um modelo colaborativo assíncrono para reconciliação de dados no qual as atualizações dos usuários são mantidas em um repositório de operações na forma de dados de procedência. Cada usuário tem o seu próprio repositório para armazenar a procedência e a sua própria cópia das fontes. Ou seja, quando inconsistências entre fontes importadas são detectadas, o usuário pode tomar decisões de integração para resolvê-las de maneira autônoma, e as atualizações que são executadas localmente são registradas em seu próprio repositório. As atualizações são compartilhadas entre colaboradores quando um usuário importa as operações dos repositórios dos demais usuários. Desde que diferentes usuários podem ter diferentes pontos de vista para resolver o mesmo conflito, seus repositórios podem estar inconsistentes. Assim, o modelo AcCORD também inclui a proposta de diferentes políticas de reconciliação multiusuário para resolver conflitos entre repositórios. Políticas distintas podem ser aplicadas por diferentes usuários para reconciliar as suas atualizações. Dependendo da política aplicada, a visão final das fontes importadas pode ser a mesma para todos os usuários, ou seja, um única visão global integrada, ou resultar em distintas visões locais para cada um deles. Adicionalmente, o modelo AcCORD também incorpora um método de propagação de decisões de integração, o qual tem como objetivo evitar que um usuário tome decisões inconsistentes a respeito de um mesmo conflito de dado presente em diferentes fontes, garantindo um processo de reconciliação multiusuário mais efetivo. O modelo AcCORD foi validado por meio de testes de desempenho que avaliaram as políticas propostas, e por entrevistas a usuários que avaliaram não somente as políticas propostas mas também a qualidade da reconciliação multiusuário. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a eficiência e a eficácia do modelo proposto, além de sua flexibilidade para gerar uma visão integrada ou distintas visões locais. As entrevistas realizadas demonstraram diferentes percepções dos usuários quanto à qualidade do resultado provido pelo modelo AcCORD, incluindo aspectos relacionados à consistência, aceitabilidade, corretude, economia de tempo e satisfação. / Reconciliation is the process of providing a consistent view of the data imported from different sources. Despite some efforts reported in the literature for providing data reconciliation solutions with asynchronous collaboration, the challenge of reconciling data when multiple users work asynchronously over local copies of the same imported data has received less attention. In this thesis we investigate this challenge. We propose AcCORD, an asynchronous collaborative data reconciliation model. It stores users integration decision in logs, called repositories. Repositories keep data provenance, that is, the operations applied to the data sources that led to the current state of the data. Each user has her own repository for storing the provenance. That is, whenever inconsistencies among imported sources are detected, the user may autonomously take decisions to solve them, and integration decisions that are locally executed are registered in her repository. Integration decisions are shared among collaborators by importing each others repositories. Since users may have different points of view, repositories may also be inconsistent. Therefore, AcCORD also introduces several policies that can be applied by different users in order to solve conflicts among repositories and reconcile their integration decisions. Depending on the applied policy, the final view of the imported sources may either be the same for all users, that is, a single integrated view, or result in distinct local views for each of them. Furthermore, AcCORD encompasses a decision integration propagation method, which is aimed to avoid that a user take inconsistent decisions over the same data conflict present in different sources, thus guaranteeing a more effective reconciliation process. AcCORD was validated through performance tests that investigated the proposed policies and through users interviews that investigated not only the proposed policies but also the quality of the multiuser reconciliation. The results demonstrated the efficiency and efficacy of AcCORD, and highlighted its flexibility to generate a single integrated view or different local views. The interviews demonstrated different perceptions of the users with regard to the quality of the result provided by AcCORD, including aspects related to consistency, acceptability, correctness, time-saving and satisfaction.

O Supergrupo Camaquã constitui uma bacia sedimentar do tipo rifte, localizada na região centro-sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, cuja deposição ocorreu entre o Ediacarano e o Eocambriano. Em sua unidade sedimentar mais recente, o Grupo Guaritas, que reúne depósitos fluviais, eólicos e de leques aluviais, foi descoberta recentemente uma nova Formação, denominada Serra do Apertado, que até então não possuía estudos detalhados de fácies e arquitetura deposicional. O início dos estudos a respeito do Grupo Guaritas remonta ao início do século XX, após a descoberta de ocorrências de cobre na região, no entanto são escassas na literatura as informações sobre proveniência sedimentar dessa unidade. O presente estudo se empenhou em aplicar os métodosda análise de fácies e análise de elementos arquitetônicos nos depósitos da Formação Serra do Apertado e Pedra Pintada superior, a fim de interpretar o paleoambiente deposicional dessas unidades e estabelecer critérios descritivos de distinção para a primeira. Também foi aplicado o método da análise de proveniência macroscópica em depósitos conglomeráticos do Grupo Guaritas, a fim de estudarsuas variações composicionais ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Verificou-se que na Formação Serra do Apertado ocorre apenas um tipo de elemento arquitetônico, denominado EL- enchentes em lençóis, que possui geometria tabular, espessura que varia entre2 a 3 m, continuidade lateral de dezenas de metros e associações de fácies que indicam ciclos de aumento e diminuição de vazão, cujo ambiente de deposição foi interpretado como fluvial efêmero. A Formação Pedra Pintada superior apresenta os elementos DB- dunas barcanóides, e IF- interdunas fluviais, que ocorrem intercalados, ambos apresentando espessura de dezenas de metros e continuidade lateral de centenas de metros, sendo interpretados como ambiente de campos de dunas eólicas com interdunas. A análise de proveniência mostrou que no Grupo Guaritas existem depósitos com áreas fonte distais, situadas a norte da bacia,que estão associados a um sistema fluvial longitudinal ao eixo maior da bacia, e depósitos com áreas fonte mais proximais, situadas principalmente a leste, que estão associados a sistemas fluviais transversais e de leques aluviais. A comparação dos dados de composição dos seixos entre as unidades do Grupo Guaritas mostrou que, da base para o topo da sucessão, o sistema fluvial transversal da borda leste da bacia passa de áreas fonte mais distais para mais proximais, caracterizando uma diminuição da área decaptação dos rios sentido a jusante, o que foi interpretado como uma reativaçãoda falha de borda ao tempo da deposição das Formações Varzinha e Pedra Pintada. Ao longo da estratigrafia da Formação Serra do Apertado o conjunto de seixos quartzosos varia de forma inversamente proporcional ao conjunto de seixos nãoquartzosos. Como não foi verificado um controle da distância da área fonte nesse tipo de variação, e como o principal fator que a comanda é a composição dos seixos, foi interpretado que isso se deve a variações climáticas, onde climas mais áridos correspondem ao predomínio de seixos não quartzosos nos depósitos, e climas mais úmidos ao predomínio de seixos quartzosos. / The Camaquã Supergroup constitutes a rift stile sedimentary basin, located in the central-south region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, which deposition occured between the Ediacaran and the Eocambrian. In it´s younger unit, the Guaritas Group, composed of fluvial, eolian and aluvial fan deposits, a new Formation was recently discovered, named Serra do Apertado, which until then hadn´t detailed studies about facies analyses and architectural elements. The initial studies about the Guaritas Group go back to the beginning of the 20th century, afterthe discovery of copper occurences in that region, but references about sedimentary provenance of this unit are scarce in the literature. The present study was engaged on applying the facies and architectural elements analysis methods in the Serra do Apertado and superior Pedra Pintada Formations, in order to interpret the depositional palaeoenvironment of those units and establish descriptive distinction criteria to the first one. The method of macroscopic provenance analysis was also applied in conglomeratic deposits of the Guaritas Group, in order to study it´s compositional variations through time and space. Was verified that in the Serra do Apertado Formation occurs only one type ofarchitectural element, named EL - sheet floods, which have tabular geometry, thickness varying between 2 and 3 m, lateral continuity of dozens of meters and facies associations that indicates cicles of raising and waning flow, which depositional environment was interpreted as efemeral rivers. The superior Pedra Pintada Formation presents the elements DB- barcanoid dunes, and IF- fluvial interdunes, that occurs intercalated, both presenting thickness of dozens of meters and lateral continuity of hundredsof meters, being interpreted as aeolian dune fields with interdunes. The provenance analysis shown that in the Guaritas Group exists deposits with distal source areas to the north of the basin, thatare associated with a fluvial system paralel to the longest basin axis, and deposits with more proximal sources mainly to the east, that are associated with transversal fluvial systems and aluvial fans. The comparison of pebble compositional data between the Guaritas Group units shown that, from the base to the top of the succession, the basin´s east border transversal fluvial system passes from more distal source areas to moreproximal, characterizing a downstream diminution on the river´s catchment area, that was interpretated as a reactivation of the border fault by the time of thedeposition of the Varzinha and Pedra Pintada Formations. Along the stratigrafy of the Serra do Apertado Formation, the group of quartzose pebbles varies in an inversely proportional way in relation to the non quartzose pebble group. As it wasn´t verified a source area distance control in this kind of variation, and as the main factor that comands it is the pebble´s composition, it was interpreted that this is due to climatic variations, where more arid climates correspond to the prevalence of non quartzose pebbles in the deposits, and more humid climates to the prevalence of quartzose pebbles.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Sergipe-Alagoas Basin has one of the most complete stratigraphic succession of eastern and southeastern shores of Brazil. In Sub-basin of Sergipe the Riachuelo Formation occurs in the namesake city in Sergipe, about 30 km Northwest of the state capital. This formation register the first sediments deposited under marine conditions and is subdivided into three members: Angico, Taquari and Maruim. These rocks are an example of sedimentation related to the drift phase, during the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. In this work we obtained U-Pb isotopic data (LA-ICP-MS) of 82 detrital zircon grains, from two samples of sandstones belonging to the Angico Member. They indicate five main groups age intervals, suggesting the following sources: G1 [901 Ma to 1152 Ma - 11%] Orogenic System Sergipe (Borborema Province); G2 [1439 Ma to 1508 Ma - 4%] Borborema Province and São Francisco Craton; G3 [1762 Ma to 2467 Ma - 27%] Serrinha Nucleus (Craton); G4 [2603 Ma to 2892 Ma - 30%] Serrinha Nucleus (São Francisco Craton); and G5 [2953 Ma to 3468 Ma - 28%] Serrinha Nucleus (São Francisco Craton). The majority of the ages obtained (85%) are paleoproterozoic to paleoarqueanas, and probably, the Serrinha Nucleus (Craton) was the main source area for the sediments of the Angico Member. / A Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas possui uma das mais completas sucessões estratigráficas das margens leste e sudeste do Brasil. Na Sub-Bacia de Sergipe a Formação Riachuelo aflora na cidade homônima em Sergipe, a cerca de 30 km a noroeste da capital do estado. Esta formação registra os primeiros sedimentos depositados sob condições marinhas e é subdividida em três membros: Angico, Taquari e Maruim. Estas rochas representam um exemplo de sedimentação relacionada à fase Drifte, durante a abertura do Oceano Atlântico Sul. Neste trabalho foram obtidos os dados isotópicos U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) de 82 grãos detríticos de zircão, em duas amostras de arenitos pertencentes ao Membro Angico. Foi possível indicar cinco principais grupos de intervalos de idade, que sugerem as seguintes fontes: G1 [901 Ma a 1152 Ma – 11%] Sistema Orogênico Sergipano (Província Borborema); G2 [1439 Ma a 1508 Ma – 4%] Província Borborema e Cráton do São Francisco; G3 [1762 Ma a 2467 Ma – 27%] Núcleo Serrinha (Cráton do São Francisco); G4 [2603 Ma a 2892 Ma – 30%] Núcleo Serrinha (Cráton do São Francisco); e G5 [2953 Ma a 3468 Ma – 28%] Núcleo Serrinha (Cráton do São Francisco). A maioria das idades obtidas (85%) são paleoproterozoicas a paleoarqueanas, e provavelmente, o Núcleo Serrinha (Cráton do São Francisco) foi a principal área-fonte para os sedimentos do Membro Angico.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-07-20T12:18:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 camilaacaciodepaiva.pdf: 9167548 bytes, checksum: 23bc00520b1453f40c0c4c739227c90b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-23T15:21:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camilaacaciodepaiva.pdf: 9167548 bytes, checksum: 23bc00520b1453f40c0c4c739227c90b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T15:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camilaacaciodepaiva.pdf: 9167548 bytes, checksum: 23bc00520b1453f40c0c4c739227c90b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O software está cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das pessoas. Vários setores ou aspectos do ambiente são influenciados por ele. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento de software torna-se uma atividade crítica. Assim, o processo de teste se torna crucialmente importante, pois qualquer negligência pode refletir na qualidade do produto. Contudo, o cenário de desenvolvimento de software vem sofrendo mudanças a partir da necessidade de suprir demandas com maior agilidade e as exigências do mercado. É fundamental haver uma visão holística dos processos de desenvolvimento do software com o objetivo de gerar um ciclo de melhoria contínua. Tal visão é denominada como Engenharia de Software Contínua. A Engenharia de Software Contínua é caracterizada pelo uso do feedback de execuções para alcançar uma melhoria contínua e pela realização das atividades de maneira contínua. Feedback esse que pode ser fornecido através da proveniência de dados: descrição das origens de um dado e os processos pelos quais passou. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta uma infraestrutura que tem como foco a captura e o armazenamento do histórico dos dados de execução do projeto, a previsão dos resultados dos testes de unidade através de algoritmos de previsão Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes e C4.5 Algorithm, e a disponibilização dos dados para aplicações externas. Além disso, oferece elementos de visualização que auxiliam na compreensão dos dados. Um experimento com dados de um projeto real foi realizado com o intuito de identificar a acurácia das previsões. / Software is increasingly present in people's daily lives. Various sectors and the environment are influenced by them. In this way, the development of software becomes a critical activity. Thus, the testing process becomes crucially important because any negligence can affect the quality of the product and the insecurity related to the use of the software. However, the software development scenario has undergone changes from the need to meet demands with greater agility and the demands of the market. It is fundamental to have a holistic view of the software development processes in order to generate a cycle of continuous improvement. Such a view is referred to as Continuous Software Engineering. Continuous Software Engineering is characterized by the use of feedback from executions to achieve continuous improvement and by performing activities on an ongoing basis. Feedback this can be provided through the provenance of data: description of the origins of a given and the processes by which it passed. This work presents an infrastructure that focuses on the capture and storage of the project execution data history, the prediction of the results of the unit tests through prediction algorithms: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes and C4.5 Algorithm, and the provision of data for external applications. It also provides preview elements which help in understanding the data. An experiment with data from a real project was carried out in order to identify the accuracy of the prediction.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-10-30T13:13:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizafurtuozofalci.pdf: 3709688 bytes, checksum: dfce5ab7a51878d5d6b47d99d30e5d36 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-11-23T12:23:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizafurtuozofalci.pdf: 3709688 bytes, checksum: dfce5ab7a51878d5d6b47d99d30e5d36 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T12:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizafurtuozofalci.pdf: 3709688 bytes, checksum: dfce5ab7a51878d5d6b47d99d30e5d36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20 / O processo de desenvolvimento de software é uma atividade complexa, que é influenciada por diferentes fatores, e pode ser surpreendida por um comportamento inesperado do software. Devido a sua importância cada vez maior nos dias de hoje, a necessidade de melhoria na qualidade do software e seus processos é de extrema importância. Uma forma de melhorar processos de software é através da análise de dados de execuções anteriores, dados estes que para serem coletados necessitam do controle e monitoramento dos processos. O presente trabalho propõe uma arquitetura que engloba modelos de proveniência de dados, ontologia e rede complexa, para modelar a proveniência na área de processos de desenvolvimento software, além de permitir a extração de conhecimento implícito nos dados. A arquitetura conta também com uma camada de visualização para dar suporte à compreensão do comportamento dos dados a gerentes de projetos, e dessa forma os mesmos possam tomar decisões orientadas a dados e melhorar futuras execuções. A arquitetura proposta foi avaliada através da utilização de dados reais e estudo com participação de um gerente de projetos. / Software development process is a complex activity, which is influenced by many factors and can be surprised by an unexpected software behavior. Software‟s importance has grown exponentially in the past few years, which makes software improvement extremely necessary, as it is present in many different aspects of daily life. Analyze data from previous executions may be a good tactic to deal with software unpredictability, and to record processes‟ data is necessary to implement software monitoring and control. The present work proposes an architecture that encompasses provenance data, ontology and complex network models to structure data provenance in software process‟ domain and allow implicit knowledge extraction. The architecture proposed has a visualization layer to support project managers‟ data comprehension, allowing them to have data-oriented decision making and improve future process executions. The proposed architecture was evaluated with real companies‟ data and through a study with a specialist participation.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-11-19T12:32:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lenitamartinsambrosio.pdf: 4678886 bytes, checksum: a6f09cd96620242b7eeda9443a48e1a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-11-23T13:09:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lenitamartinsambrosio.pdf: 4678886 bytes, checksum: a6f09cd96620242b7eeda9443a48e1a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T13:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lenitamartinsambrosio.pdf: 4678886 bytes, checksum: a6f09cd96620242b7eeda9443a48e1a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-14 / Considerando o cenário de experimentação científica atual e o crescente uso de aplicações em larga escala, o gerenciamento de dados de experimentação está se tornando cada vez mais complexo. O processo de experimentação científica requer suporte para atividades colaborativas e distribuídas. O gerenciamento de informações contextuais e de proveniência desempenha um papel fundamental no domínio neste domínio. O registro detalhado das etapas para produzir resultados, bem como as informações contextuais do ambiente de experimentação, pode permitir que os cientistas reutilizem esses resultados em experimentos futuros e reutilizem o experimento ou partes dele em outro contexto. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma abordagem de gerenciamento de informações de proveniência e contexto que apoie pesquisadores no reúso de conhecimento sobre experimentos científicos conduzidos em uma plataforma colaborativa e distribuída. Primeiramente, as fases do ciclo de vida do gerenciamento de contexto e proveniência foram analisadas, considerando os modelos existentes. Em seguida, foi proposto um framework conceitual para apoiar a análise de elementos contextuais e dados de proveniência de experimentos científicos. Uma ontologia capaz de extrair conhecimento implícito neste domínio foi especificada. Essa abordagem foi implementada em uma plataforma de ecossistema científico. Uma avaliação realizada por meio de estudos de caso evidenciou que essa arquitetura é capaz de auxiliar os pesquisadores durante a reutilização e reprodução de experimentos científicos. Elementos de contexto e proveniência de dados, associados a mecanismos de inferência, podem ser utilizados para apoiar a reutilização no processo de experimentação científica. / Considering the current experimentation scenario and the increasing use of large-scale applications, the experiment data management is growing complex. The scientific experimentation process requires support for collaborative and distributed activities. Managing contextual and provenance information plays a key role in the scientific domain. Detailed logging of the steps to produce results, as well as the environment context information could allow scientists to reuse these results in future experiments and reuse the experiment or parts of it in another context. The goal of this work is to present a provenance and context metadata management approach that support researchers in the reuse of knowledge about scientific experiments conducted in a collaborative and distributed platform. First, the context and provenance management life cycle phases were analyzed, considering existing models. Then it was proposed a conceptual framework to support the analysis of contextual elements and provenance data of scientific experiments. An ontology capable of extracting implicit knowledge in this domain was specified. This approach was implemented in a scientific ecosystem platform. An evaluation conducted through case studies shown evidences that this architecture is able to help researchers during the reuse and reproduction of scientific experiments. Context elements and data provenance, associated with inference mechanisms, can be used to support the reuse in scientific experimentation process.

Les sociétés Mochica ou Moché (IIe-IXe s. apr. J.-C.) ont laissé un nombre important de sites archéologiques sur la côte nord du Pérou qui conservent des objets céramiques d’un caractère exceptionnel d’un point de vue morphologique, décoratif et technique. Ces dernières années, les céramiques Mochica ont été étudiées d’un point de vue archéologique et ethnoarchéologique. Notre étude vise à les étudier en employant les méthodes et les techniques de l’archéométrie. Nous proposons ainsi une étude croisée de sciences appliquées, d'archéologie et d’ethnoarchéologie pour tenter de répondre à des problématiques archéologiques parfaitement définies dans le temps (VIIIe-Xe s. apr. J.-C.) et dans l’espace (site archéologique Mochica San José de Moro dans la partie basse de la vallée de Jequetepeque). Nous nous interrogeons sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles, la production et la consommation de céramiques rituelles. L’objectif de notre recherche est de discuter et de définir des choix techniques céramiques (locaux et régionaux) en définissant leurs spécificités: technologies, matières premières, importations ou productions locales. Cet apport permet de participer à la connaissance de l'histoire de cette civilisation et des civilisations contemporaines et voisines, notamment Cajamarca et Huari. Pour y parvenir, les principaux sujets de recherche qui ont été développés concernent l’étude des typo-chronologies Moché, l’étude archéologique des productions Mochica et Cajamarca, l’étude archéologique de l’exploitation des ressources en matières premières à l’échelle locale ou régionale, l’étude des procédés techniques employés dans la fabrication de céramiques découvertes à San José de Moro. Une discussion théorique est également menée sur les styles techniques des céramiques de ce site. Les résultats de nos recherches ont permis d’établir que les céramiques Mochica sont issues de processus productifs homogènes, d’affirmer que les objets à décoration polychrome ont été produits avec les mêmes matières employées pour la production des objets Mochica bichrome, et de définir que les potiers Mochica et Cajamarca n'ont pas échangé de matières premières pour la fabrication des pâtes céramiques. Enfin, l’existence des parallèles technologiques concernant les décors des céramiques entre ces deux sociétés, a été démontrée. / Mochica or Moche societies (2nd-9th c. A.D.) left a significant number of archaeological sites on the north coast of Peru which preserve ceramic objects of an exceptional character of a morphological, ornamental and technical point of view. In recent years, the Mochica ceramics have been studied by archaeological and ethnoarchaeological approaches. The first aim of our research is to study them thanks to the methods and the techniques of the archaeological sciences. In this context, we developed a crossed study of applied sciences (physico-chemical analyses of materials), archaeology and ethnoarchaeology approaches to try to answer archaeological problems perfectly defined in time (8th-10th c. A.D.) and space (archeological Mochica site of San José de Moro). The questions deal with the exploitation of raw material resources, the production, and in particular, the consumption of ritual ceramics. The major aim of our research is to discuss and define ceramic technical styles by defining technologies, raw materials, imports or local productions, in order to characterize and understand the history of this civilization and the history of contemporary and nearby civilizations (Cajamarca and Huari). The main subject in this research concerns the study of typo chronologies Moche, the archaeological study of the Mochica and Cajamarca productions, the archaeological study of the exploitation of the resources in raw materials at a local or a regional level, the study of the technical processes of ceramic productions discovered at San José of Moro. Then a theoretical discussion is carried out about the technical styles of ceramics preserved on the site. To conclude, our studies allowed, for example, to establish that Mochica ceramics were elaborated on homogeneous productive processes, to assert that Moche objects with poly-chrome decoration were produced with the same raw materials used for the production of Moche objects with bi-chrome decoration, and to define that Mochica and Cajamarca potters did not exchange raw materials for manufacturing ceramic bodies. Finally, the existence of technological parallels between these two societies, particularly as regards the decorations of ceramics, has been demostrated.

La survie et la croissance des plantes sont essentielles afin d’assurer l’efficacité des protocoles de phytoremédiation et la décontamination des friches contaminées. La survie des saules et leur adaptation aux contaminants dépendent de la nature et de la concentration des contaminants. L’objectif de l’étude est d’identifier les cultivars ayant les meilleurs rendements, mais aussi de déterminer si la provenance des boutures (milieu contaminé ou milieu non contaminé) pourrait influencer la survie, la croissance et la phytoextraction (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) des saules. Nous avons comparé ces différents paramètres pour des boutures de dix cultivars de saules dans un milieu industriel fortement contaminé par les composés organiques et dans un milieu non-contaminé. Les variations dans la réponse des cultivars selon la provenance des boutures (milieu contaminé ou milieu non-contaminé) ont aussi été analysées dans chacun des sites d’étude. Selon nos résultats, le cultivar ˈ5005ˈ (Salix alba) est très productif en milieu extrêmement contaminé. Le cultivar ˈS25ˈ (Salix eriocephala) est aussi un choix très intéressant en phytoremédiation, puisqu’il produit près de deux fois plus de biomasse racinaire comparativement aux autres cultivars. La provenance des boutures n’a pas d’impact significatif sur la survie, la croissance et la phytoextraction pour la majorité des cultivars sauf pour le cultivar ‘Millbrook’, où les individus provenant du milieu contaminé ont produit significativement plus de biomasse aérienne lorsqu’ils poussaient en sol contaminé comparativement aux individus qui n’ont jamais été en contact avec les contaminants. Ces résultats pourraient aider à planifier des protocoles de phytoremédiation plus efficaces, en sélectionnant les cultivars de saule les plus adéquats et en élaborant l’échantillonnage des boutures utilisées dans les sites appropriés. / Plant survival and growth are essential parameters to monitor the effectiveness of phytoremediation protocols and the eventual decontamination of brownfields. The ability of different willow cultivars to survive and adapt to contaminants in polluted soils depends on the nature and concentration of the contaminants. The objective of the study was to identify the cultivars with the highest yields, but also to determine whether the origin of the cuttings (contaminated site or not) might influence survival, growth and phytoextraction of willow cultivars. We compared survival, growth and phytoextraction (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) of cuttings of ten willow cultivars in a highly organic-contaminated industrial environment and in an uncontaminated soil. Variations in the response of the cultivars according to the origin of the cuttings were also analyzed for each sites. According to our results, cultivar ˈ5005ˈ (Salix alba) was very productive in an extremely contaminated environment. Cultivar ˈS25ˈ (Salix eriocephala) was also a relevant choice, as it produced nearly twice more root biomass compare to other cultivars. The origin of the cuttings did not have significant influence on survival, growth and phytoextraction for almost all cultivar except the ˈMillbrookˈ cultivar: individuals originating from the contaminated environment produced significantly more aboveground biomass when growing in the contaminated environment compared to individuals who had never been in contact with contaminants. These results could help build more effective phytoremediation protocols in highly contaminated environments by selecting adequate willow cultivars and sampling cuttings in an appropriate environment.

The current ecological hypothesis states that the soil type (e.g., chemical and physical properties) determines which microbes occupy a particular soil and provides the foundation for soil provenance studies. As human profiles are used to determine a match between evidence from a crime scene and a suspect, a soil microbial profile can be used to determine a match between soil found on the suspect’s shoes or clothing to the soil at a crime scene. However, for a robust tool to be applied in forensic application, an understanding of the uncertainty associated with any comparisons and the parameters that can significantly influence variability in profiles needs to be determined. This study attempted to address some of the most obvious uncertainties of soil provenance applications such as spatial variability, temporal variability, and marker selection (i.e., taxa discrimination). Pattern analysis was used to validate the ecological theories driving the soil microbial biogeography. Elucidating soil microbial communities’ spatial and temporal variability is critical to improve our understanding of the factors regulating their structure and function. Microbial profiling and bioinformatics analyses of the soil community provided a rapid method for soil provenance that can be informative, easier to perform, and more cost effective than approaches using traditional physico-chemical data. This study also showed that stable profiles may allow comparison between evidence and a possible crime scene despite the time lapse (4 years) between sample collections, however, this is dependent on the analysis method, site, vegetation, and level of disturbance. Marker selection was also an important consideration for profiling. Even though Fungi look promising for single taxon soil discrimination, the additional markers can help discriminate between a wide variety of soil types. As in human identification, the more DNA markers queried the greater the discrimination power. Lastly, this study illustrated a novel method to query the iron relating genes and ability to design a novel marker that can easily be used to profile the functional diversity of a soil community to enhance soil classification. Overall this research demonstrated the potential and effectiveness of using microbial DNA from soil, not just for comparison, but also for intelligence gathering to pinpoint the geographic origin of the soil.

The purpose of this thesis paper was to develop new features in the cloud-native and open-source machine learning platform STACKn, aiming to strengthen the platform's support for conducting reproducible machine learning experiments through provenance, transparency and reusability. Adhering to the definition of reproducibility as the ability of independent researchers to exactly duplicate scientific results with the same material as in the original experiment, two concepts were explored as alternatives for this specific goal: 1) Increased support for standardized textual documentation of machine learning models and their corresponding datasets; and 2) Increased support for provenance to track the lineage of machine learning models by making code, data and metadata readily available and stored for future reference. We set out to investigate to what degree these features could increase reproducibility in STACKn, both when used in isolation and when combined.  When these features had been implemented through an exhaustive software engineering process, an evaluation of the implemented features was conducted to quantify the degree of reproducibility that STACKn supports. The evaluation showed that the implemented features, especially provenance features, substantially increase the possibilities to conduct reproducible experiments in STACKn, as opposed to when none of the developed features are used. While the employed evaluation method was not entirely objective, these features are clearly a good first initiative in meeting current recommendations and guidelines on how computational science can be made reproducible.