Von psychiatrischen Kliniken kann man lernen, welche architektonischen Maßnahmen für psychatrische Patient:innen in Notaufnahmen nützlich sind. Daher wird in diesem Forschungsartikel untersucht, welche architektonischen Elementen aus psychiatrischen Einrichtungen in die des Warteraums einer Notaufnahme integriert werden können. Ziel ist es, ein Designmodell zu entwerfen, das eine gute Wirkung auf psychiatrische Patient:innen mit bipolarer Störung haben soll. Um dies zu erreichen, werden bestehende Literaturstudien und Fallbeispiele aus der Praxis analysiert. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass großflächig festverglaste Fenster, weiche und abgerundete Möbel, natürliche Elemente (Bilder mit natürlichen Motiven), Sonnenlicht und geeignete Beleuchtung sowie helle Farben Angst und Furcht bei psychiatrischen Patient innen verringern können. Die Kombination dieser Kriterien mit den architektonischen Elementen des Warteraums (Raumgröße, Tür, Fenster, Wand, Boden, Decke und Möbel) ermöglicht eine modellhafte Gestaltung, die sich positiv auf psychiatrische Patient:innen mit bipolarer Störung auswirkt.

Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett vanligt tillstånd som förekommer på grund av psykisk ohälsa. Psykisk ohälsa kan av vården och samhället upplevas svårt att hantera vilket medför ett sämre bemötande gentemot patienten. Därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor har kunskap och förståelse om psykisk ohälsa för att kunna förbättra patientens mående och minimera risken för försämring. Syfte: Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt baserad på sex kvalitativa artiklar samt fyra kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet består av åtta teman: sjuksköterskors attityder, en stigmatiserad kultur, utmaningar i vården, personalbrist och hög arbetsbelastning, prevention av självskada, överväldigande känslor, personcentrerad omvårdnad och sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt. Resultatet visar att negativa attityder hos sjuksköterskor ger en försämrad påverkan på patientens vård. Konklusion: Vikten av att implementera kunskap om självskadebeteende och psykisk ohälsa kan förändra attityderna hos sjuksköterskorna. Med ökad kunskap om självskadebeteende och psykisk ohälsa ökar förståelsen för patienten. Detta i sin tur leder till bättre vård för patienten och till en bättre arbetsrelaterad hälsa för sjuksköterska / Background: Self-destructive behavior is a common condition which occurs due to mental illness. Mental illness can be perceived as difficult by society and in care to manage which leads to poorer treatment towards the patient. It is therefore important that nurses have knowledge and understanding about mental illness to be able to improve the patient’s well-being and minimize the risk of deterioration. Aim: Nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with self-injurious behavior. Method: General literature review based on six qualitative articles and four quantitative articles. Findings: The result consists of eight themes; nurses’ attitudes, a stigmatized culture, challenges in healthcare, staff shortage and high workload, prevention of self-harm, overwhelming emotions, good care, and seeing the patient as a whole person. The result shows that negative attitudes among nurses have a worsening effect on the patient’s care. Conclusion: The importance of implementing knowledge about self-destructive behavior and mental illness can change the attitudes among the nurses. With increased knowledge about self-destructive behavior and mental illness increases understanding of the patient. This in turn leads to better care for the patient and to a better work-related health for the nurse.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är ett växande problem och drabbar de flesta under sin livstid. Patienter under lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård vårdas mot sin vilja och får sin autonomi och integritet fråntagen. Tvångsåtgärder kan ge konsekvenser för patientens fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Personcentrerad vård är en central del av omvårdnaden i psykiatrisk kontext, vilket inkluderar kommunikation och delaktighet. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa patienters upplevelser av tvångsåtgärder inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård. Metod: Denna kvalitativa litteraturstudie grundades på tolv studier inhämtade från databaserna PubMed, PsycInfo och CINAHL och analyserades med Popenoe m.fl. analysmetod. Resultat: Patienternas upplevelse presenterades i tre kategorier – Förlust av autonomi och integritet, Psykiskt och fysiskt lidande samt Upplevelse av tacksamhet och acceptans. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att patienterna övergripande hade negativa upplevelser av tvångsåtgärder och att deras autonomi och integritet fråntagits dem. Personalens beteende påverkade både upplevelsen negativt och positivt. Litteraturstudien visade att det finns behov av förbättringar i bemötandet av patienter som behöver tvångsvård och vikten av att arbeta personcentrerat. / Background: Mental illness is a growing problem and can affect anyone during their lifetime. Patients under the Compulsory Psychiatric Care Act are cared for against their will and have their autonomy and integrity taken away. Coercive measures can have consequences for the patient's physical and mental health. Person-centered care is a central part of nursing in the psychiatric context, which includes communication and active participation. Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to shed light on patients' experiences of coercive measures within psychiatric inpatient care. Method: This qualitative literature study was based on twelve studies obtained from the databases PubMed, PsycInfo and CINAHL and analyzed with Popenoe et al. analysis method. Results: The patients' experience was presented in three categories - Loss of autonomy and integrity, Mental and physical suffering and Experience of gratitude and acceptance. Conclusion: The results show that the patient's overall had negative experiences of coercive measures and that their autonomy and integrity were taken away from them. The staff's behavior affected the experience both negatively and positively. The literature study showed that there is a need for improvements in the treatment of patients who need compulsory care and the importance of person-centered care.

The problem with which this study is concerned is the delineation of current practices in therapeutic recreation in psychiatric treatment centers in Texas, The programs of the forty-two hospitals responding to the survey questionnaire were evaluated in terms of the National Therapeutic Recreation Society's "Standards for Therapeutic Recreation in Psychiatric Facilities." It was determined that, while the use of recreation in psychiatric rehabilitation is widespread, many programs are not administratively independent., A close association between recreation and occupational therapy was found. Extensive recreation facilities and activities were reported. Use of community resources was widespread, but follow-up and leisure counseling services were rare. Most personnel had no recreation training. The evaluation showed limited compliance with the standards.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the Institutionalized Chronic Psychiatric Patients in two Ontario Psychiatric Care Centres Neyaz Farrahi-Avval Master of Science Graduate Department of Dentistry University of Toronto 2008 Abstract Purpose: To examine the oral health status of psychiatric in-patients at two long-term psychiatric health centres, with one operating a full-time dental care facility. Methods: Data were gathered from clinical examinations, a structured interview and hospital records from 120 participants. Periodontal (CPI) and dental (DMFT) indices, subjectively reported oral health status, and oral health behaviour were subsequently analyzed. Results: Referrals for dental problems were made for 62.9% of participants. Bivariate analyses revealed positive correlations between DMFT scores, age and length of stay. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated correlations between DMFT scores and infrequent dental visits, frequent snacking and age. Patients at the psychiatric hospital without a full-time dental care facility were more likely to have had higher DMFT scores, and infrequent dental visits. Conclusions: Psychiatric patients have poor oral health and significant oral health treatment needs. This study underlines the need for on-site dental care facilities at long-term psychiatric care centres.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the Institutionalized Chronic Psychiatric Patients in two Ontario Psychiatric Care Centres Neyaz Farrahi-Avval Master of Science Graduate Department of Dentistry University of Toronto 2008 Abstract Purpose: To examine the oral health status of psychiatric in-patients at two long-term psychiatric health centres, with one operating a full-time dental care facility. Methods: Data were gathered from clinical examinations, a structured interview and hospital records from 120 participants. Periodontal (CPI) and dental (DMFT) indices, subjectively reported oral health status, and oral health behaviour were subsequently analyzed. Results: Referrals for dental problems were made for 62.9% of participants. Bivariate analyses revealed positive correlations between DMFT scores, age and length of stay. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated correlations between DMFT scores and infrequent dental visits, frequent snacking and age. Patients at the psychiatric hospital without a full-time dental care facility were more likely to have had higher DMFT scores, and infrequent dental visits. Conclusions: Psychiatric patients have poor oral health and significant oral health treatment needs. This study underlines the need for on-site dental care facilities at long-term psychiatric care centres.

This research study explored the effects of a public servants‟ strike on psychiatric patients. This is achieved through investigating the subjective lived experiences of events prior to, during and ensuing a public servants' strike. In addition, strike action within the health care sector as a worldwide phenomenon is discussed. This provides a conceptual understanding of strike action within the health care sector, as well as critical issues raised around the use of strikes as a medium of communication. During the public servants' strike of August 2010, 446 patients were discharged from a specialized psychiatric facility in the greater Gauteng region. The sample for this research was taken from this population and comprises of three (n=3) psychiatric patients, two Afrikaans speaking males and one Sotho speaking male. At the time of the interview, all three participants had been hospitalized and received further psychiatric treatment. The researcher made use of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as the method to gather and interpret the raw data. The data is discussed within three subordinate themes, namely the subjective experiences prior to, during and ensuing the strike. In addition global themes throughout the patient‟s subjective lived experiences are discussed without sequential significance. The results from this study support current literature that strikes have a direct impact on the treatment of psychiatric patients. In addition the subjective accounts of the patients did not indicate any significant deterioration in functioning during the strike. However in subsequent months following their discharge, all of the participants experienced some form of conflict which contributed to their rehospitalisation. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Psychology / unrestricted

Evidence is cited in this paper which suggests religion is gaining in influence on American life. Although interest in religiosity is increasing, mental health research into the area is meager. As psychological researchers grow cognizant of the impact of social systems on the individual, it becomes important to examine the impact of religion and religious belief on the emotional health of the individual. The literature also suggests that attitudes toward death and the individual's perception of power/helplessness, which are elements closely associated with religious belief, are also important factors in determining one's state of psychological well-being. This study is an attempt to look more closely at the role of religion, attitudes toward death, and perception of power/helplessness in a psychiatric population as compared to a nonpsychiatric population. The major variable under consideration, religious orientation, was measured with the Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation Inventory which measures the nature of one's involvement with religion. The individual with an intrinsic orientation toward religion is believed to exhibit a healthier adjustment than the individual with an extrinsic orientation toward religion. It was hypothesized that healthier religious adjustment would be related to lower death anxiety, as measured by the Death Anxiety Scale, and lower locus of control scores, as measured by the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Further, it was assumed that whether or not one's religious belief system includes a belief in punishment after death would exert some influence on death anxiety. The information obtained in this study suggests that the most important factor of concern to psychiatric patients in the area of religious orientation and death anxiety is belief in punishment after death and its relationship to locus of control. Death anxiety was greatest in psychiatric patients who believed in punishment after death. Overall subjects who believed in punishment after death tended to exhibit higher external locus of control scores. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Self-concept is the individual's subjective view of themselves. It impacts interaction with others and, in turn, further the development of the self. Cultural aspects, gender differences, and psychiatric and substance use disorders further impact the subjective view of the self. Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) is a model rooted in interpersonal theory and the interpersonal circle that divides the self-concept into eight behavioral clusters over love-hate and autonomy-control. The individual's measured self-beliefs can be used in motivational work and treatment. The forensic psychiatric population is complex, with high levels of comorbidity, but little is known about how they view themselves. This study aims to capture their self-concept and examine if different psychiatric diagnostic groups have distinct self-concept profiles. One hundred and six patients who had previously completed the SASB introject questionnaire were included. Demographic data and other variables were also coded from their electronic journal. The participant's descriptives showed differences from the normative group and slight differences between the psychiatric groups. Inferential statistical analysis showed a significant difference regarding the negative clusters between the Neurodevelopmental and Psychosis groups and a trend of differing scores between the Neurodevelopmental and Personality Disorders groups. Study limitations make it hard to point to distinct self-concept profiles, but SASB-results indicate that the patients generally feel positive about themselves. Further research is needed to increase the findings' generalizability and better capture self-concept in comorbid inpatients. / FOR-SATA