children

Orientador: Fabio Akcelrud Durão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Curi_FabianoAndrade_D.pdf: 17480636 bytes, checksum: df3fbbe639917efacc3b30f816ed320e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como finalidade observar as possibilidades de representação autobiográfica nas narrativas das histórias em quadrinhos, mais especificamente de lembranças traumáticas. Nos últimos anos, foram vários os novos títulos tendo como tema as experiências de vida de seus autores que se utilizaram de diversas estruturas e técnicas para refletirem sobre as lembranças de episódios que vivenciaram. A proliferação dessas obras levanta a questão sobre a criação de espaços autobiográficos nas histórias em quadrinhos. Espaços autobiográficos que alimentam a discussão entre os limites do real e do ficcional, do concreto e do abstrato e da relação entre autor e leitor. Diferentemente do texto literário ou da imagem fílmica, muito comuns nos relatos de si, as narrativas em quadrinhos trabalham com o equilíbrio entre texto e ilustrações compondo uma forma singular para lidar com essas histórias, ainda que tenham limitações semelhantes às outras, pois estas são características da memória e não da narrativa. Para levantar as virtudes e problemas dessas histórias, há na pesquisa uma leitura mais aprofundada das obras Cicatrizes, de David Small, Retalhos, de Craig Thompson, e Fun Home, de Alison Bechdel, que auxilia no entendimento da argumentação teórica sobre memória, autobiografia e trauma nas histórias em quadrinhos. / Abstract: This work aims to observe the possibilities of representation in autobiographical narratives of comics, specially the traumatic memories. In recent years, a great number of new titles having as theme the life experiences of the authors who used various structures and techniques to reflect on the memories of episodes they experienced. The proliferation of these works raises the question about creating autobiographical spaces in comics. Autobiographical spaces that nurture the discussion about the boundaries of the real and the fictional, the concrete and the abstract, and the relationship between author and reader. Unlike the literary text or film image, very common in other reports of the self, narratives comic work with the balance between text and illustrations composing a unique way to deal with these stories, even if they have similar limitations like the others, because these are characteristics memory and not the narrative. To raise the virtues and problems of these stories, there is in this research a close reading of the works Stiches, from David Small, Blankets, from Craig Thompson, and Fun Home, from Alison Bechdel , which helps in understanding the theoretical argument about memory, autobiography and trauma in the comics. / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

The importance of individual differences in psychological responses to loss and potential trauma is well-established, yet previous approaches have been limited in capturing and explaining the full scope of variation. The present studies expanded on this line of research to elucidate key aspects of the risk and protective processes that influence psychological adaptation to loss and trauma. The first set of studies examined the influence of emotion regulation choice sensitivity on the relationship between potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans and nonveterans. In the veteran sample, choice sensitivity was found to be a moderator that reduced the impact of PTE exposure on PTSD symptoms. Choice sensitivity similarly functioned as a moderator in the nonveteran sample, however the effects were contingent on both the type of PTE exposure and the outcomes associated with implementation of the selected regulation strategies. The second set of studies investigated risk and protective factors in the face of spousal loss. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling was employed to examine and clarify the nature of the relationships between key factors and depression across an 8-year period. Factors included optimism, sense of control, religiosity, and social support while the primary bereavement outcome was depression symptoms. Distinct patterns of risk and protective processes were identified in relation to all factors that involved clearly differentiable stable, between-subjects effects and time-varying, within-subjects effects. The third set of studies addressed whether resilience would extend across multiple domains of positive adjustment in the context of spinal cord injury, bereavement, and heart attack. Relationships between symptom-based trajectories of resilience and positive adjustment in psychological, social, and health-related domains were examined. Individuals who exhibited trajectories of resilience in relation to depression symptoms simultaneously experienced better positive adjustment, functioning, and health in areas that included quality of life, perceived manageability, anxiety, self-esteem, social integration, cognition, and body mass index.

The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive complexity, extremity, and the relationship between social repertory grids and life events repertory grids (LERG) in people who report a history of trauma. Effects of type of trauma on complexity and extremity scores of each type of grid were examined. Prior research into repertory grids and trauma has used only one type of grid, predominantly social grids or LERGs. Therefore, a natural, progressive step in the grid research involved investigating how individuals integrate social and life event constructs. It was hypothesized, and results show, that there is a positive correlation between complexity scores and extremity scores of social grids and LERGs. However it was not found that there was a negative correlation between trauma history and complexity scores, and that trauma acts as a moderator for cognitive complexity. Instead, it appears that the social facet of experience is key to understanding perception of traumatic experiences. Additionally, number of traumas experienced might affect social construct elaboration.

The present study sought to build on the large body of past research into written disclosure of traumatic memories. This research has consistently found that participants who write about their traumatic experiences realize long-term physiological and psychological health benefits. More recently, it has been found that those participants who realize the most benefits are those who progressively include more elements of a good narrative, or story, in their writing about a traumatic experience over several sessions. Therefore, research has begun to examine the role of language and the structure of language in the health benefits gained from written disclosure of traumatic memories. A guided written disclosure protocol was designed for the present study, which sought to aid participants in supplying an increasing amount of narrative structure to their written disclosures of a single traumatic experience. Participants (N = 30) completed several measures of psychological and physiological health prior to and one month after completing the guided written disclosure protocol. Analyses revealed that participants who completed all four writing sessions showed statistically significant reductions in symptoms of general psychological distress, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and intrusive and avoidant symptoms related to the traumatic experience. No significant self-reported physiological health benefits were found. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

Child centered play therapy (CCPT) is a therapeutic intervention that provides the environment for children to work through and heal from difficult experiences through expression of play and therapeutic relationship. It has been demonstrated effective with multiple types of disruptive behaviors. I conducted single-case research to explore CCPT's influence on children who had four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and provided analysis of data collected from one assessment administered weekly and one assessment at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention: the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Young Children. The two participants (one 8-year-old White American male and one 9-year-old White American female) demonstrated significant improvement in total difficulties and prosocial behaviors. The study revealed potential therapeutic benefits for utilizing CCPT with children who had four or more ACEs. Encompassed in discussion of study results are implications for practice, suggestions for future research, and limitations.

The #MeToo movement was established as a grassroots initiative in Brooklyn by Tarana Burke, as a way to bring awareness to the commonality of sexual violence towards African American women. Despite the awareness brought by the movement, it was virtually not inclusive of men who have experienced sexual violence. This study intends to provide educators an understanding of this phenomenon, as well as provide practitioners, scholars, and organizations supporting gay male rape survivors a qualitative perspective beneficial to enhance support systems in order to foster post-traumatic growth. This study answered questions of how participants described their experience of having been raped; how learning revealed itself during the participants’ journey towards post-traumatic growth; and what factors participants described that helped and/or hindered their ability to manage the experience, learn, and develop towards post-traumatic growth. Six individual in-depth cases are presented; each participating in a two-hour interview. Using Lifelines and Nohl’s (2015) five phase analysis of the unfolding of deep learning over time, this study demonstrated that Transformative Learning revealed itself throughout each of these cases. As described by O’Sullivan et al. (2002), Transformative learning is “[an] experiencing [of] a deep, structural shift in the basic premises of thought, feeling, and actions. It is a shift of consciousness that dramatically and permanently alters our way of being in the world. Such a shift involves our understanding of ourselves and our self-locations; our relationships with other humans and with the natural world; our understanding of relations of power in interlocking structures of class, race, and gender; our body-awareness; our visions of alternative approaches to living; and our sense of the possibilities for social justice and peace and personal joy.” The study provides insight into the various systems and social relationships that help and/or hinder the interviewees’ learning experience, as well as how they managed their lives along the way. Moreover, this study demonstrates that Transformative Learning can take over 20-years, as well as that the process requires recalibration after encountering obstacles as learners journeyed towards post-traumatic growth.

This collection of poems explores memory, trauma, personal relationships, and the natural world. It is a study of the themes that arise from experience and the patterns of language that living creates within an individual. Particular attention to sound, syntax (conveying physical experience and recall), and pacing (representative of natural and biological rhythms) are central to this collection.

Captive Still Life is the fictional story of Marcus Penikett, a seventeen year old celebrity trapped in a scary, suburbanite housing community called Morningside. Marcus Penikett will never escape the childhood incident at the Zoo that made him and the Penikett family famous —the infamous TIME cover of his bleeding face hangs outside of his room, forever documenting and haunting Marcus with the past. Now, Marcus is determined to leave the housing community of Morningside, Georgia to get away from his control freak mother Elise, his absent professor father Otto and a menagerie of other Morningside residents. This plan is complicated by his love for fellow neighbor Olivia, sexual relationship with the maid Sue and Morningside's uncanny 'power' to thwart Marcus' goals.

When authors write fiction about real, traumatic events, they face ethical challenges about how to portray trauma and its impacts. This dissertation employs methods of close reading and application of theory to investigate authorial choices. I argue that authors writing fiction about trauma often make aesthetic choices that blur the line between figurative and literal language in order to portray bodily experiences. This dissertation takes as its subject novels from sub-Saharan Africa that depict traumas caused directly and indirectly by colonialism. Authors including David Diop (1966-) and Birago Diop (1906-1989) have used these techniques to write about tirailleurs sénégalais, West African men conscripted to serve France’s military in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. I bring these authors together with Boris Boubacar Diop (1946-) and Véronique Tadjo (1955-), who wrote books about the Rwandan genocide, because they also perform this translation for the body, asking readers to approach these works with a sensitivity to the ways the body endures trauma. The effect of these choices is a humanizing and integrated portrayal of trauma as a phenomenon that challenges the mind-body separation of cartesian influence and complicates human experience of time as linear. These works create space to think about trauma and recovery as individual as well as communal, to map similarities of human responses to trauma without pathologizing it. Ultimately, these works point to the conclusion that living through/with trauma is possible when the trauma can be incorporated into a new conception of the self.