O trabalho é uma atividade que sempre fez parte da humanidade, sendo um importante fator para a qualidade de vida, contudo, pode também produzir sofrimentos e gerar adoecimentos, em especial quando as relações que se dão neste ambiente não oferecem o apoio necessário para o combate do estresse e desgastes do dia-a-dia. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a influência das relações de trabalho e do apoio social na saúde mental de mulheres costureiras. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório com combinação de abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas que foi realizado com 56 costureiras de quatro fábricas de costura do município de Formiga - MG. Os dados relacionados ao apoio social e condições de saúde mental foram obtidos através de três escalas psicométricas, a saber: Escala de percepção de Suporte Social no Trabalho (EPSST), SRQ - 20 (Self-Report Questionarie) e Teste de Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Substâncias (ASSIST). Os scores obtidos de cada escala foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos não paramétricos de Qui-quadrado (chi-square tests) e teste exato de fisher (fisher`s exact tests) juntamente com os dados sociodemográficas, com objetivo de verificar a associação entre as variáveis. Foi também realizado um grupo focal com o objetivo de averiguar a partir da percepção das costureiras se as relações de trabalho contribuem para o adoecimento mental dessas mulheres. Durante a realização do estudo, foram considerados, todos os aspectos éticos das diretrizes e normas propostos pela resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde para as pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos, com aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Quanto aos resultados, houve predominância de trabalhadoras com baixa escolaridade, que se autodeclaravam brancas e que não possuíam companheiro. Baseando-se no score do SRQ -20 foi identificado que mais da metade das costureiras entrevistadas (53,6%) apresentaram sintomas indicativos de transtornos mentais comuns, sendo que a maioria destas, referiram não receber ou ter dúvidas sobre o apoio social no trabalho, porém, não foi identificado associação significante entre o score dessas variáveis. Houve uma baixa prevalência do uso de substâncias psicoativas entre as mulheres entrevistadas. Foi também possível identificar que a atividade de costureira apresenta muitas características de precarização e que essas trabalhadoras percebem suas relações de trabalho como apoiadoras e também identificam nestas relações situações estressantes que contribuem para o desgaste e sofrimento / Work is an activity that has always been part of humanity, being an important factor in one\'s quality of life, however, it can also produce suffering and generate illnesses, especially when the relationships that occur in working environment do not offer the necessary support to fight stress and distress from work routine. This research aimed to investigate the influence of labor relations and social support on the mental health of seamstresses. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches and was conducted with 56 seamstresses of four sewing factories from Formiga- MG. The data relating to social support and mental health conditions were obtained by applying three psychometric scales, namely: the perceived social support scala (EPSST), SRQ - 20 (Self- Report questionarie) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The scores obtained from each scale were submitted to nonparametric statistical tests Chi-square and Fisher\'s exact test with the sociodemographic data, in order to verify the association between those variables. A focus group has been conducted in order to ascertain wether labor relations contribute to mental illness of these women from their perception. During the study, all ethical guidelines and standards proposed by Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council for research involving human subjects have been considered, with the approval by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing University of São Paulo. Regarding the results, there was a predominance of female workers with low education, which self-declared white and had no husband or non-marital partner. Relying on the SRQ -20 score it has been identified that more than half of the interviewed seamstresses (53.6%) had indicative symptoms of common mental disorders, and most of them, said they did not receive or have doubts about the social support at work. Significant association between the scores of these two latter variables was not identified. There was a low prevalence of substance use among the interviewed women. It was also possible to identify that the sewing activity has many precarious features and that these workers perceive their labor relationships as supportive and also identify stressful situations in these relationships that contribute to the distress and suffering

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar o padrão de uso de álcool e a relação com os aspectos da religiosidade em estudantes de enfermagem de uma Faculdade do Interior Paulista. O desenho metodológico trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, estado civil, religião) e os aspectos da prática religiosa. Foi aplicado o Teste de identificação dos problemas relacionados com o uso do álcool (AUDIT) e a Escala de Espiritualidade/Religiosidade (SSRS). A amostra foi composta por 78,2% dos estudantes de primeiro a quarto ano do curso de enfermagem matriculados no ano de 2008, caracterizados por 92,6% mulheres; com média de idade de 20,9 anos; 96,7% solteiros; 64,8% católicos; 60,7% frequentam reuniões religiosas uma vez/semana; 87,7% dos familiares praticam alguma religião; e 73,8% dos estudantes não consideraram religiosidade sinônimo de espiritualidade. Quanto ao padrão de consumo de álcool, 83,6% dos estudantes já fizeram uso de bebida alcoólica na vida, na classificação do AUDIT identificou-se que 79,5% eram abstêmios ou usuários de baixo risco, 20,5% faziam uso problemático do álcool, 45,9% bebiam na frequência de duas a quatro vezes por mês, 38,5% consumiam a quantidade quatro ou cinco doses e 36,9% se embriagavam menos uma vez por mês. A confiabilidade da escala SSRS apresentou um bom resultado com Alfa de Cronbach 0,83. A média da pontuação na escala SSRS foi de 14,94 pontos, sendo que 75,4% não consideram ser importante passar algum tempo do dia com pensamentos particulares e meditações religiosas; 72,1% discordam sobre a importância das orações ou pensamentos religiosos individuais sendo tão importantes quanto os que teriam durante cerimônias religiosas e cultos e 49,2% afirmam que suas vidas são baseadas em sua religião. Não houve associação entre a pontuação do AUDIT e as demais variáveis, no entanto identificou-se que quanto menor a soma na escala SSRS maior foi a pontuação no AUDIT. A religiosidade para essa amostra não foi identificada como fator de proteção para o uso de álcool entre os estudantes, 7 observou-se apenas que entre os estudantes afiliados às religiões, como a Católica, Espírita e Evangélica, houve diferenças no padrão de uso da substância investigada. Assim, o uso do álcool e a religiosidade/espiritualidade entre estudantes são temas complexos que precisam ser explorados e abordados nos currículos dos cursos de enfermagem, além de serem utilizados em estratégias preventivas no âmbito universitário. / The present paper aims to identify the pattern of alcohol use and related aspects of religiosity among nursing students from an inner paulista College. It is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach. To collect data it was used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information (sex, age, marital status, religion) and religious practices. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Scale of Spirituality/Religiousness (SSRS) were employed. The sample comprised 78.2% of students from first to fourth year of the nursing course enrolled in 2008: 92.6% women; mean age 20.9 years old; 96.7% single; 64.8% Roman Catholic; 60.7% attend religious meetings weekly; 87.7% of the family members practice some religion; 73.8% of the students did not consider religiosity synonymous with spirituality. Patterns of alcohol consumption: 83.6% of students have already made use of alcoholic beverages; according to AUDIT 79.5% were abstainers or low risk users; 20.5% presented hazardous alcohol use; 45.9% drank two to four times per month; 38.5% consumed four or five doses and 36.9% got drunk at least once a month. The SSRS scale reliability was good with 0.83 Cronbach\'s Alpha. The average score on the SSRS scale was 14.94 points; 75.4% did not consider it important to spend time with religious thoughts or meditations; 72.1% disagree on the importance of prays or religious thoughts (as it would happen during religious ceremonies and worships) and 49.2% say their lives are based on their religion. There was no association between AUDIT scores and other variables; however, the smaller the sums of the SSRS scale, the higher the AUDIT scores. Religiosity in this sample was not identified as a protective factor against alcohol use among students; it was observed that among the students, followers of different religions, especially Roman Catholic, Evangelical and Spirit Doctrine, there are differences regarding the alcohol use. Thus, alcohol use and religiousness/spirituality among students are complex issues that need to be explored and addressed in the curricula of nursing schools besides being used in preventive strategies in university scope.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-08-27T19:37:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 biffi.pdf: 3474726 bytes, checksum: 21bf7677a2ef965707023517f2e5646d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-27T19:37:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biffi.pdf: 3474726 bytes, checksum: 21bf7677a2ef965707023517f2e5646d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-04 / Nenhuma / Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as expectativas dos usuários sobre as ações dos enfermeiros de um Centro de Atenção Psicossociais Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPSad). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utilizou o referencial teórico-metodológico da sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schutz. O estudo foi realizado em um CAPSadIII localizado em Porto Alegre e foram entrevistados 15 usuários. As entrevistas ocorreram em março de 2014, através de uma entrevista. Durante a análise compreensiva dos relatos, surgiram cinco categorias: Satisfação dos usuários com o CAPS; Atividades desenvolvidas no CAPS e Concepções dos usuários sobre a Enfermagem do CAPS. Através desta pesquisa, puderam-se compreender as expectativas dos usuários sobre o atendimento realizado no CAPSad, as expectativas para com os enfermeiros envolvidos em seus tratamentos. E, assim, pôde-se observar e considerar que os vínculos criados entre usuários e enfermeiros no CAPS são capazes de favorecer a efetividade do tratamento desenvolvido por possibilitar a criação de um plano terapêutico que vá ao encontro das necessidades dos usuários. / This study aimed to understand users' expectations about the actions of nurses in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and other Drugs (CAPSad). This is a qualitative study using the theoretical and methodological framework of the phenomenological sociology of Alfred Schutz. The study was conducted in a CAPSadIII located in Porto Alegre and 15 users were interviewed. The interviews took place in March 2014, through an interview. During the comprehensive analysis of reports, five categories emerged: User satisfaction with the CAPS; Activities developed in CAPS and Concepts of users on Nursing CAPS. Through this research, we were able to understand the expectations of users about the service provided in CAPSad, with expectations for nurses involved in their treatment. And so we could observe and consider that the links created between users and nurses in CAPS are able to promote the effectiveness of the treatment developed by enabling the creation of a treatment plan that meets the needs of users.

Įvadas. Paskutinio dešimtmečio moksliniais duomenimis, Europoje ir visame pasaulyje didžiąją dalį sveikatos problemų sudaro psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimai. Tai tampa ekonomine našta valstybėms, o psichikos sveikatos apsauga – vienu iš didžiausių rūpesčių. Pastaraisiais metais atliekami psichologiniai ir socialiniai tyrimai bei studijos rodo, kad labiausiai pažeidžiama visuomenės dalis – jaunimas. Taigi šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo paplitimą tarp I – III kurso VU Medicinos fakulteto studentų ir jį įtakojančius veiksnius. Metodai. Anoniminė apklausa atlikta 2007 metais. 556 I – III kurso Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto studentai užpildė Tarptautinio alkoholio ir kitų narkotikų tyrimo Europos mokyklose projekto (ESPAD) klausimyną, modifikuotą ir pritaikytą tiriamajam kontingentui. Duomenys apdoroti statistine programa SPSS 15.0. Rezultatai. 18,3 proc. Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto I – III kurso studentų teigė, kad rūko. Didžioji jų dalis rūkė kasdien. Vaikinų statistiškai reikšmingai rūkė daugiau nei merginų (p<0,05). Alkoholį vartojo 77,3 proc. studentų. Dažniausiai vartojami alkoholiniai gėrimai buvo vynas ir alus. 68,7 proc. studentų teigė vartojantys kavą, pusė – energetinius gėrimus. Kofeino turinčios tabletės nebuvo paplitusios tarp studentų. 12,1 proc. studijuojančių buvo bandę narkotikų (vaikinų daugiau nei merginų (p<0,05)), narkotikus pastoviai vartojo apie 3 proc. studentų. Dažniausiai vartojama medžiaga buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Background. According to the scientific material of the last decade major part of health problems in Europe and all around the World are due to psychical and behavioural disorders. It has become an economical burden for the countries whereas psychical health services have become one of the major concerns. The latest psychological and social researches and studies suggest that the most vulnerable part of the society is youth. So, the goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of using psychoactive substances amongst first-third year students of Vilnius University Medicine Faculty and factors influencing it. Methods. Anonymous inquiry was performed in the year 2007. A self-administered questionnaire of The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), which was modified and applied for the exploratory crop, was completed by 556 first-third year students of Vilnius University Medicine Faculty. The data was analysed using the statistical programe SPSS 15.0. Results. In total 18,3% of Vilnius University Medicine Faculty first-third year students reported smoking. The majority of them smoked every day. Boys students reported significantly greater smoking then girls students (p < 0,05). 77,3% of students reported using alcohol. Most often used alcoholic drinks were wine and beer. 68,7% of students used coffee whereas half of them used energetic drinks as well. Caffeine containing tablets were not popular amongst the students. 12,1% of those who studied... [to full text]

Darbo tema - Mokinių, tėvų ir mokytojų informuotumas apie narkotikų vartojimą mokykloje (Šilalės miesto atvejis). Narkomanija – didelė problema. Svarbu sustabdyti jos plitimą. Parengta ir patvirtinta Nacionalinė narkotikų kontrolės ir narkomanijos prevencijos 2010–2016 metų programa. Vienas jos tikslų – sumažinti narkotinių medžiagų vartojimo tarp vaikų ir jaunimo paplitimą, vykdyti prevencinį darbą. Galime drąsiai teigti, jog informacijos apie narkotines medžiagas ir jų keliamą pavojų yra daug. Bet iškyla klausimas, ar minėta informacija išaiškinama mokiniams mokyklose, ar mokinių tėvai objektyviai suvokia šios informacijos svarbą ir pagaliau ar mokytojai užsiima švietėjiška veikla šiuo klausimu, nes siekiant veiksmingai vykdyti narkotikų vartojimo prevenciją būtina derinti informavimą apie narkotines medžiagas su elgsenos bei mąstymo (tikrųjų vertybių sistemos) formavimo metodais. Kaip teigia A. G. Davidavičienė, šalyje nėra ankstyvosios diagnostikos ir intervencijos sistemos. Pedagogams ir tėvams trūksta kompetencijos, atpažįstant narkotines ir psichotropines medžiagas pavartojusį paauglį, ypač, kol paauglys jas vartoja saikingai ir slepia tai nuo aplinkinių. Narkotikų poveikis kiekvienam asmeniui yra labai individualus, o įvairūs narkotikai veikia labai skirtingai. Todėl nėra simptomų, būdingų visiems paaugliams. Vartojimo pradžioje galima nepastebėti jokių ženklų ar požymių. Nuotaikos svyravimai ir neprognozuojamas elgesys paauglystėje neleidžia lengvai nustatyti, ar... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research author: Donatas Cibulskis, a Master‘s student of Sociology of Education (branch of Political sociology) program, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vilnius pedagogical university. Research tutor: Prof. Habil. Dr. Juozas Bagdanavičius. Research problem. Drug abuse is a huge problem, therefore it is important to halt its dispersion. One of the aims of the adopted National drug control and drug addiction prevention program for 2010 – 2016 is to reduce the dispersion of drug abuse among children and the youth; and implement preventive work. There are plenty of information about drug substances and their danger. But a question arises whether this information is explained to pupils in schools, whether their parents perceive the importance of this information objectively and, finally, whether teachers engage themselves in this type of educational activities, because it is important to combine awareness of drug substances with behavioural and cognitive (fair value system) formation methods in order to effectively implement drug abuse prevention. Our country does not possess early diagnostics and intervention system. Teachers and parents lack competences to recognize a teenager who abuses drug and psychotropic substances, especially if the teenager does it moderately and hides it from surrounding. Drug influence differs to each person and different types of drugs also affects differently. Therefore, there are no standard symptoms. In the beginning of abuse it is impossible to notice... [to full text]

Mūsų šalis vis dar išlieka tarp pirmaujančių pagal paauglių savižudybių skaičių, taip pat egzistuoja tokios problemos kaip, bloga paauglių sveikata, psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimas. Todėl svarbu išsiaiškinti paauglių polinkio į savižudybę, sveikatą bei psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo sąsajas. Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti 5-12 klasių mokinių polinkio į savižudybę sąsajas su savo sveikatos vertinimu ir psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimu kaimo ir miesto mokyklose. Darbe taikytas polinkio į savižudybę, sveikatos vertinimo bei psichoaktyvių medžiagų klausimynas ( prof. A. Goštautas, 1999). Metodikos pasirinktos kaip tinkamos savo sveikatos vertinimo, psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo bei polinkio į savižudybę nustatyti. Tyrimas atliktas vieno Lietuvos rajono miesto ir kaimo mokyklose. Tyrime dalyvavo 960 5-12 klasių mokinių (amžius10-19 metų)- 480 (240 mergaičių, 240 berniukų) miesto mokyklų ir 480 (240 mergaičių ir 240 berniukų) kaimo mokyklų ( po 30 berniukų ir po 30 mergaičių iš klasės). Tyrimo rezultatai: 5-12 klasių kaimo ir miesto mokyklų mokinių polinkis į savižudybę yra susijęs su savo sveikatos vertinimu ir psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimu kaimo ir miesto mokyklose. Nustatyta, kad mokinių, tiek berniukų, tiek mergaičių polinkis į savižudybę siejasi su savo sveikatos vertinimu: berniukų ir mergaičių polinkis į savižudybę didėja esant blogesniam savo sveikatos vertinimui. Taip pat, pereinant į aukštesnę klasę berniukų ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Our country still remains among the leading countries in the number of the suicides of teenagers; such problems as poor health of teenagers, usage of psychoactive substances also exist. Therefore, it is important to find out about the correlation among suicidal tendencies, health and usage of psychoactive substances. The aim of the research: to specify the correlation between the suicidal tendency of the pupils of 5- 12th forms with the evaluation of their health and usage of psychoactive substances in city and rural schools. In the thesis the questionnaires about suicidal tendency, health assessment and psychoactive substances consists by prof. A. Goštautas (1990) are used. Methodologies are chosen as suitable for analysing the peculiarities of subjectively evaluated health, usage of psychoactive substances and suicidal tendencies. The research was completed in the city and rural schools of Lithuania. 960 pupils of 5 – 12th forms (aged 10 – 19) participated in the research – 480 (240 girls, 240 boys) in city schools and 480 (240 girls, 240 boys) in rural schools (30 boys and 30 girls from each class). The results: suicidal tendency of the students of 5 – 12th forms from city and village is related with their subjectively evaluated health and usage of psychoactive substances in city and rural schools. It was found that suicidal tendency of the students, boys and girls is associated with their subjectively evaluated health:... [to full text]

Vis labiau plintantis priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimas – aktuali visuomenės, ypač jaunimo, sveikatos problema. Sprendžiant šią problemą svarbų vaidmenį atlieka ir mokyklos. Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti paauglių psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencines veiklas Radviliškio rajono bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti mokyklų psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencinio darbo grupių veiklą. 2. Įvertinti mokyklų prevencines veiklas, formas bei turinį mokinių, tėvų bei mokytojų požiūriu. 3. Nustatyti mokykloje vykdomų prevencinių projektų aktualumą bei poreikį. Tyrimo metodika: anketinė anoniminė Radviliškio rajono mokylų IX klasių mokleivių (n=212), jų tėvų (n=212) ir mokytojų (n=248) apklausa. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS 8 ir MS Excel. Rezultatai: Vertinant didžiausias klaidas, susijusias su programų rašymu, kaip viena iš populiariausių klaidų yra vertinimo nevykdymas. Tik 12,5 proc. mokyklų sistemingai vykdo prevencinės veiklos vertinimą. Mokinių tėvų vertinimuose išryškėja ir vykdomų tyrimų sistemingumo bei bendruomenės įtraukimo į prevencinę veiklą problema. Beveik pusė tėvų teigia (42,4 proc.), jog tėvų susirinkimų metu nėra kalbama apie psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo problemas (34,3 proc.). Prevencinės veiklos formų įvairovė gana didelė. Visgi dažniausiai taikomos bene lengviausiai realizuojamos prevencinės veiklos formos, kurios ne visada būna efektyvios. Tuo tarpu diskusijos, pokalbiai nėra dažnos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The increasing prevalence of addictive substances is an actual problem of public health, partticularly among young people. Schools play an important role in dealing with this problem. Aim of the study: to assess teen psychoactive substance use prevention activities in secondary schools of Radviliškis district. Objectives: 1. To analyze activity of school work groups in psychoactive substance use prevention. 2. To assess prevention activities, forms and content in schools by students', parents' and teachers' point of view. 3. To substantiate the relevance and diversity of school projects. Methods: anonymous questionnaire survey of teachers working in schools of Radviliškis district (n=248), survey of ninth grade pupils (n = 212), and survey of their parents (n = 212). The statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 8 software paskage and MS Excel. Results: Evaluation of the maximum errors in the writing program, as one of the most popular error evaluation is failure assessment. Only 12.5 percent of schools systematically carry out preventive activities assessment. Parents' assessments revealed the problem of investigations systematicity and community involvement in prevention activities. Almost half of parents claims that (42.4 percent) at parent meetings does not deal with alcohol and substance abuse problems (34.3 percent). Variety of preventive activity forms is large enough. However, usually applied probably the most easily realized forms of preventive activity... [to full text]

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Drug addiction is an age-old problem, but currently only public policies have been concerned with interventions to users. Drug use by inmates is a serious health problem so that there is a need for studies to seek alternative solutions. This research aimed to investigate the consumption of psychoactive substances in a sample of inmate male adults. We used the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), which evaluates the consumption of drugs in the last three months prior to testing. The test was applied to 139 inmates aged from 19 to 58 years from prisons in southern Brazil. The results showed high rate related to the use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine/crack and that the correlations between the use of different drugs were positive and statistically significant. We conclude that there is a strongly established association between drug use and deprivation of liberty in that context, causing health and safety problems. Furthermore, it is important to expand literature with new studies to provide more data that can support specific interventions to the needs of inmates. / A drogadição é um problema milenar, mas só atualmente as políticas públicas têm se preocupado com intervenções para os usuários. O uso de drogas pelos presidiários evidencia um problema de saúde sério em que há a necessidade de estudos para buscar alternativas de soluções. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o consumo de substâncias psicoativas em uma amostra de adultos do sexo masculino privados de liberdade. Foi utilizado o teste Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), que avalia o consumo de drogas de indivíduos nos últimos três meses de vida anteriores a testagem. A aplicação se deu com 139 apenados com idades entre 19 anos e 58 anos dos presídios do Sul do Brasil. Os resultados mostraram o alto índice relacionados ao uso de derivados do tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas, maconha e cocaína/crack e que existem correlações positivas e estatisticamente significativas entre o uso das diferentes drogas. Concluiu-se que há uma associação fortemente estabelecida entre uso de drogas e a privação de liberdade nesse contexto, causando problemas de saúde e de segurança. Também, é importante ampliar a literatura com novos estudos capazes de fornecer mais dados que possam subsidiar intervenções específicas diante das necessidades dos apenados.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo abordar e analisar a influência exercida pela mídia sobre crianças e adolescentes em relação à experimentação de substâncias psicoativas e a intervenção pedagógico-teológica como estratégia preventiva.A influência sobre o ser humano através de mecanismos midiáticos que o condicionam a ação esperada pelo condicionante tem sido estudada há muito tempo. Aldous Huxley com seu livro Admirável Mundo Novo já aborda a condicionalidade do humano desde a década de 30. Nas décadas posteriores, outros teóricos como Edgar Morin e Guy Debord, analisaram como o ser humano é condicionado através da cultura de massa e a sociedade do espetáculo. A realidade apresentada levou a presente pesquisa à busca de formas preventivas com relação à condicionalidade do ser humano pela mídia. Para isso, analisamos teóricos como Paulo Freire e Michel Henry e suas descobertas sobre a mediação do conhecimento e a análise das Palavras de Cristo e de como estas podem contribuir na elaboração de intervenções pedagógico-teológicas que interferiram no processo condicionante das propagandas publicitárias televisivas que veiculam o uso de substâncias psicoativas.Os resultados apontaram que no espaço da comunidade cristã tanto a criança como o adolescente, encontram condições para refletir e agir com criticidade a partir do pensamento abstrato propiciado pelo conteúdo não alienador. / The goal of this research is to approach and analyze the influence of the media exerted on children and adolescents related to the experimentation of psychoactive substances and the pedagogic-theological intervention as a preventive strategy. The influence on the human being through mediatic mechanisms which condition the person to an action expected by the conditioner has been studied for a long time. Aldous Huxley in his book Brave New World already dealt with the conditionality of the human being ever since the decade of the 30s. In later decades, other theoreticians such as Edgar Morin and Guy Debord, analyzed how the human being is conditioned through mass culture and the spectacle society. The reality presented led this research to seek preventive ways of dealing with the conditionality of the human being by the media. For this, we analyze theoreticians such as Paulo Freire and Michel Henry and their discoveries on mediating knowledge and the analysis of the Words of Christ and how these can contribute in the elaboration of pedagogic-theological interventions which interfere in the conditioning process of the television publicity propaganda which conveys the use of psychoactive substances. The results point out that in the space of the Christian community the child as well as the adolescent find conditions to reflect and act with criticalness based on the abstract thought propitiated by a non-alienating content.

La consommation élevée de psychotropes en France, l’ampleur des enjeux médico-sociétaux des maladies neurologiques et psychiatriques et les projections de population en termes de vieillissement soulignent toute l’importance d’une mobilisation des acteurs de santé. Le dispositif sanitaire français se caractérise par le rôle clé du médecin généraliste(MG) notamment pour la prise en charge des patients sous traitements de substitution aux opiacés(TSO) ou encore des personnes âgées vulnérables, justifiant que ce travail de thèse ait porté spécifiquement sur ces deux problématiques. Dans une première partie, nous avons analysé les caractéristiques des sujets sous TSO vus par les MG d’après une enquête OPEMA. L’importance d’une analyse fine des consommations via des tests rapides de dépistage urinaires des toxiques a conduit à une étude multicentrique ESUB-MG en cours. Lors de ces deux travaux, une démarche de synthèse sur la contribution du MG dans le repérage du trouble de l’utilisation de substance et dans l’Addictovigilance a été initiée. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons analysé l’intervention du MG dans la prise en charge d’une population âgée vulnérable (Cohorte PACA-Alz). Nous avons étudié l’exposition aux antipsychotiques, puis la prévalence de l'utilisation d'antipsychotiques à long terme. Enfin nous avons voulu identifier les typologies d’exposition aux antidépresseurs chez les plus de 65 ans. L’ensemble de ce travail de thèse a permis: de confirmer le rôle clé du MG dans le dispositif sanitaire français; de souligner son implication dans le mésusage et leurs conséquences au sein de ces deux populations étudiées; de souligner sa contribution à leur prévention. / The high level of psychotropic drugs consumption in France, the extent of the medical and societal challenges of neurological and psychiatric diseases, and population projections in terms of aging, emphasize the importance of mobilizing health care stakeholders. The French healthcare system is also characterized by the key role of the general practitioner(GP), particularly in the treatment of patients under opioid substitution treatment(OST) or vulnerable elderly people, the reason why this thesis work specifically focused on these two aspects. During the first part of the study, the characteristics of subjects under OST observed in general medicine have been analyzed according to a national survey(OPEMA). The importance of a precise analysis about the consumption through urine drug screening test, led to a cluster randomized study ESUB-MG in progress. In these two studies, a synthesis approach was initiated to look for the contribution of the GP to the identification of the substance use disorder and Addictovigilance. Secondly, the intervention of the GP in the management of a vulnerable elderly PACA-Alzheimer cohort has been analyzed. The exposure to antipsychotics has been studied, then the prevalence of long-term use of antipsychotics. Finally, patterns of adherence to antidepressant treatments in patients over 65 years old have been identified. The whole of this thesis work allowed: to confirm the key role of the GP in the French health system (including health vigilance systems); to highlight its involvement in the misuse of psychoactive drugs and their consequences within the two populations that were studied; to emphasize the its contribution to their prevention.