This thesis is dedicated to modern management approaches to Public Sector organizations with a special focus on projects of Public Private Partnership. This topic is one of the latest issues not only in the Czech Republic but also in numerous European countries. The public sector and its organizations are going through total modernization in these countries. This results in higher quality and more effective Public Services for citizens. I view this problem from 2 perspectives and ask the following questions which reflect the main hypothesis of this thesis: which modern approaches (tools, methods) are the most often used (intended to be used) including their contributions to higher quality and more effective management of organizations of municipalities in the Czech Republic, how is the principle of Public Private Partnership perceived and used in organizations of municipalities in the Czech Republic (Water sector) including barriers which hinder its use. It has been proven that for achieving higher quality and more effective results in the Public Sector, it is not only suitable but even systematically necessary to use modern tools of organization and management. These tools are nowadays commonly applied in the Public Sector. At the same time it has also been proven that Public Private Partnership can significantly support management in the Public Sector through its own implementation of modern tools. Further widening the use of modern tools of management and cooperation between the Public and the Private Sector is sustained through the spreading of knowledge. This is based on sharing ?good praxis?, transparent legislation and appropriate (procedural) methodology for implementation.

This diploma thesis analyses and elaborates a methodical tool for evaluating the advantage of realization of construction of road infrastructure in the form of a PPP project. Furthermore this tool is subsequent applied to a particular project. The introductory part summarizes the basic theoretical knowledge regarding the project financing in the form of public-private partnerships. In the following part, a methodological tool for comparing the value for money based on different methods of realization. In the last part of the diploma thesis, this methodical tool is applied to a specific project, including a basic feasibility study.

The Diploma Thesis analyzes the possibilities of financing an existing project of public interest with the accent on financing in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP). The crucial part of theoretical knowledge presents the above mentioned financing option. The following part introduces the real project including cost analysis and the benefits from its realization. The last part is dedicated to the project realization and its evaluation.

Cette thèse analyse les tendances mondiales dans le financement de grands projets d'infrastructure dans le secteur des transports, en identifiant les caractéristiques distinctives du financement dans les pays développés et en développement. Un nouveau mécanisme de financement est proposé dans le contexte de contraintes budgétaires strictes grâce à l'utilisation d'un certain nombre d'effets économiques indirects découlant de l'amélioration de l'accessibilité des différents territoires en matière de transport. Comme le sujet de l'analyse, il y avait un projet de la construction d'un chemin de fer à grande vitesse en Russie Moscou-Kazan. / This paper analyzes global trends in financing large infrastructure projects in the transport sector, identifying the distinctive features of financing in developed and developing countries. A new financing mechanism is proposed in the context of strict budgetary constraints through the use of a number of indirect economic effects arising from improved transport accessibility of individual territories. As the subject of the analysis, there was a project of the construction of a high-speed railway in Russia Moscow-Kazan.

Les pays de l’UEMOA ont recours depuis quelques années aux Partenariats Public-Privé (PPP) pour faire face à une demande en infrastructures publiques loin d’être satisfaite par le seul budget de l’Etat. Au-delà des difficultés financières, il s’avère difficile de construire des modèles de gouvernance durables et socialement acceptables pour conduire ces processus. Ainsi notre problématique concerne l’indentification des modèles adéquats de gouvernance des PPP dans le contexte des pays de l’UEMOA. Le cadre théorique mobilisé à cet effet s’inspire de la théorie des coûts de transaction, de la théorie de l’agence, du nouveau management public et des contributions récentes à l’analyse des modèles de gouvernance de PPP. Ainsi, une grille d’analyse des données empiriques composée de quatre macro-dimensions (exogène, organisationnelle, projet et qualité du service) est déduite. Dans une posture du constructiviste pragmatique, une méthodologie qualitative basée sur deux études de cas a été privilégiée. La collecte des données, effectuée en deux phases séparées d’un an, a permis l’analyse de régularités. 42 entretiens semi-directifs, auprès des acteurs impliqués dans deux processus PPP, ont été réalisés. Il s’agit du Programme de Vérification des Importations- Nouvelle Génération (PVI-NG) au Bénin et du pont Henri Konan Bédié d’Abidjan en Côte D’Ivoire. Le traitement et l’analyse des données sont effectués à l’aide du logiciel N’vivo. Certes, l’analyse des résultats a permis d’identifier trois modèles (coercitif, normatif/mimétique et participatif) de gouvernance de PPP ; mais dans la pratique, c’est à une combinaison, des trois modèles, dosée selon le PPP qu’on assiste. Un système propositionnel de 28 principes relatifs aux trois modèles est déduit pour améliorer le management des processus PPP. / Recently, WAEMU countries have been using PPPs to meet the demand for public infrastructure which is far from being met by the state budget alone. Added to financial difficulties, difficulties in building sustainable and socially acceptable governance models for these public projects are faced. Thus, our problem concerns the identification of adequate models of PPP governance in WAEMU context. The theoretical framework mobilized for this purpose is based on the theory of transaction costs, agency theory, new public management and recent contributions to the analysis of PPP governance models. Thus, an empirical data analysis grid composed of four macro-dimensions (exogenous, organizational, project and quality of service) is deduced. In a pragmatic constructivist posture, a qualitative methodology based on two case studies was favored. The data collection, carried out in two separate phases of one year, allowed the analysis of patterns. 42 semi-directive interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in two PPP processes. These are the New Generation-Import Verification Program (PVI-NG) in Benin and the Henri Konan Bédié Bridge in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Data processing and analysis is carried out using the N'vivo software. The results highlight three PPP governance models: coercive, normative / mimetic and participatory; but in practice, it is a combination of the three models, assayed according to the PPP. A propositional system of 28 principles relating to the three models is deduced to improve the PPP processes management.

This study set out to establish an informed framework for the use of social network services in South African museums. Social network services are utilised by a wide demographic spectrum so they offer a cost-effective way to engage with communities and with existing and new stakeholders. The Standard of Generally Recognised Accounting Practice on Heritage Assets, or GRAP 103, and the draft National Policy on Digitisation of Heritage Resources imply that museum collections get documented and managed in digital form. It will coincidentally also enable museums to embrace the use of social network services and share the collections in their custody with many South Africans who are yet to experience the value of museums in the country. Museums are institutions in the service of society which acquires, conserves and communicates the tangible and intangible heritage of people and their environment. During the twentieth century museums have had to reinvent themselves from being unapproachable custodians of heritage to being part of society, willing to engage in discourses and be transformed to remain relevant to the communities they serve. The 2011 Census has found that about 18.2 million of 51.7 million South Africans have had access to the Internet before. Active Internet users however, are about half that figure because it is expensive, the broadband and telecommunications network is not efficient or because people have not yet experienced the value it offers. Government regulations compel Information and Communication Technology (ICT) enterprises to spend 1.5% net profit after tax on socio economic development initiatives. This presents an opportunity for museums as educational institutions to engage with such enterprises to expand Internet access and engage with local communities. The social network service field offers various ways to communicate collections and engage with communities through text, photographs, video and location-based technologies. Various notable local and international initiatives were discussed in this study. For example the Kulturpool which allows visitors to create cyber collections from digitised museum objects and contribute to the knowledge of such objects by allowing them to submit and share information for others to read. SAHRIS, the digital database offered by the South African Heritage Resources Agency, holds the key to similar ventures that museums could pursue. The regulative framework involves privacy, copyright and ethical issues which museums should abide by. Because of the pervasiveness of ICTs museums should take note of these regulations even if they decide not to pursue social network initiatives. ICT skills in museums are insufficient and should be improved upon. Social network services offer training and guidelines on how to use them, which could be a great help provided the reader has a good command of the English language. Cognisance must be taken of an overview social network services and their uses, and of the ethical and regulative framework for museums to benefit from using social network services to engage with communities. This way, communities may benefit from having access to the museum online. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

The space industry is currently undergoing a significant servitization-shift as space agencies globally are transitioning from the government-led product-oriented procurement approach, that has been the standard for decades, to a more commercial service-oriented procurement approach. The purpose of the thesis is to identify what challenges exists within servitization in European space exploration and translate these into related improvement areas for the service-oriented procurement approach adopted by the European Space Agency (ESA). The thesis adopts a qualitative case-study approach where four different commercial services, developed through a commercial partnership between ESA and private enterprises, are being studied. In total, the study identifies 21 challenges across three different life-cycle stages for the commercial services. First, the study identifies cultural challenges for both the space agency and industry as they struggle in transitioning to a service culture from the existing culture that is strongly linked with the traditional approach. Second, the study also identifies several challenges related to how the processes established within the frame of the commercial partnership are currently inadequate to support the transition to commercial services. In particular, the study highlights knowledge gaps related to business planning and marketing, insufficient processes to ensure a balance in cost and quality incentives and high barriers of entry for SMEs. Finally, the study identifies relational challenges with regards to the collaboration between the space agency and the commercial partner. The results indicate that the collaboration between ESA and the commercial partners currently lack the necessary transparency and efficiency in collaboration needed to succeed with servitization. In order to resolve these challenges, the study proposes 21 different improvement areas for ESA in relation to its commercialisation initiative. In particular, the thesis highlights process improvements related to the choice of procurement approach, development of business plans, evaluation of upfront commitment to utilization and visibility into the service design. The thesis concludes by highlighting the need for continued work with development of improvements. The thesis results serve as a starting point for developing a future approach of planning and managing development of commercial services within space exploration. / Rymdindustrin genomgår för närvarande en betydande tjänstefiering där rymdorganisationer globalt övergår från en statligt styrd produkt-orienterad tjänste-orienterad upphandlingsmetod. Syftet med examensarbetet är att identifiera vilkautmaningar som finns inom tjänstefiering i europeisk rymdutforskning samt vilka relaterade förbättringsområden som följaktligen finns inom den tjänste-orienterade upphandlingsmetod som European Space Agency (ESA) har antagit. Examensarbetet baseras på en fallstudie där fyra olika kommersiella tjänster, utvecklade genom ett kommersiellt partnerskap mellan ESA och privata företag, studeras. Studien identifierar totalt sett 21 utmaningar över tre olika livscykelfaser för de kommersiella tjänsterna. För det första identifierar studien kulturella utmaningar för både rymdorganisationen och industrin upplever svårigheter i att övergå från den befintliga kulturen som starkt är kopplad till den traditionella metoden till en tjänste-orienterad kultur. För det andra identifierar studien även flera utmaningar relaterade till hur processerna som etablerats inom ramen för det kommersiella partnerskapet för närvarande är otillräckliga för att stödja övergången till kommersiella tjänster. Studien lyfter särskilt fram kunskapsluckor inom affärsplanering och marknadsföring, otillräckliga processer för att säkerställa balans mellan kostnads- och kvalitetsincitament samt höga inträdeshinder för små och medelstora företag. Slutligen identifierar studien relationsmässiga utmaningar med avseende på samarbetet mellan rymdorganisationen och den kommersiella partnern. Resultaten indikerar att samarbetet mellan ESA och industrin idag saknar den nödvändiga transparensen och effektiviteten i samarbetet som krävs för att lyckas med tjänstefiering. För att lösa dessa utmaningar föreslår studien 21 olika förbättringsområden för ESA i relation till dess kommersialiseringsinitiativ. Särskilt framhävs processförbättringar relaterade till val av upphandlingsmetod, utveckling av affärsplaner, utvärdering av tidiga åtaganden för utnyttjande och insyn i tjänstedesignen. Examensarbetet avslutas med att betona behovet av fortsatt arbete med utveckling av förbättringar. Resultaten utgör en startpunkt för att utveckla en framtida strategi för planering och hantering av utvecklingen av kommersiella tjänster inom rymdutforskning.

В первой главе были рассмотрены концептуальные подходы к изучению адаптивной физической культуры и спорта. Автором были определены основные цели, задачи и принципы адаптивной физической культуры и спорта. Вторая глава посвящена проблеме развития адаптивной физической культуры посредством государственно-частного партнёрства. В ходе эмпирического исследования были выработаны актуальные сценарии решения проблем в развитии региональных и муниципальных программ адаптивной физической культуры и спорта. / In the first chapter, conceptual approaches to the study of adaptive physical culture and sports were considered. The author defined the main goals, objectives and principles of adaptive physical culture and sports. The second chapter is devoted to the problem of the development of adaptive physical culture through public-private partnership. During the empirical research, relevant scenarios for solving problems in the development of regional and municipal programs of adaptive physical culture and sports were developed.

[pt] As Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs) são utilizadas pelos governos para desenvolver projetos rodoviários que demandam altos investimentos. Porém, a incerteza sobre os níveis de tráfego futuros é a principal causa de falhas nos projetos rodoviários, que podem ser mitigados através de garantias de tráfego do governo, tornando-os mais atraentes para investidores privados. Essas garantias trazem um ônus financeiro para o orçamento do governo que pode altamente impactar o déficit e, portanto, o risco e as oportunidades do governo. Esta tese realizou três estudos que abordam a importância das garantias em contratos de PPPs de rodovias através da adequada estimação dessas garantias e seu impacto no risco do projeto por meio da Teoria das Opções Reais. O primeiro analisa os níveis de garantia de tráfego nos projetos, limitando a exposição do governo e mantendo os benefícios para o investidor privado. O segundo estudo aborda os potenciais passivos contingentes do governo causados pelas garantias de tráfego e, para isso, analisa o caso do projeto do sistema Ponte Salvador-Itaparica, discutindo-se os relatórios governamentais publicamente disponíveis do projeto com nossos resultados. O último estudo desenha um mecanismo de garantia de tráfego adequado para contratos de Projetos Rodoviários, sendo proposto um modelo para determinar o nível ótimo de garantia de tráfego que crie condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento dos projetos. Esta Tese contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de garantia para os parceiros privados e a importância de precificar adequadamente os passivos contingentes do governo em projetos rodoviários, revelando que um mecanismo de garantia bem projetado pode minimizar os passivos contingentes do governo e fornecer garantias adequadas aos parceiros privados. Além disso, também fornece uma metodologia que auxilia os formuladores de políticas na elaboração de PPPs em projetos rodoviários e na compreensão dos custos fiscais envolvidos. / [en] Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are used by governments to develop road projects that, generally, require high investments. However, uncertainty about future traffic levels represents the main cause of road project failures, which can be mitigated through government traffic guarantees and make them more attractive to private investors. These guarantees place a financial burden on the government s budget that can significantly influence the deficit and, thus, the government s risk and opportunities. This thesis carried out three different studies that address the importance of guarantees in road public-private partnership contracts by properly estimating these guarantees and their impact on project risk through Real Options Theory (ROT). The first analyzes the government traffic guarantee levels in the projects, limiting government exposure, and maintaining the benefits for the private investor. Then, the second studies focus on the potential government s contingent liabilities caused by traffic guarantees and, for this, is analyzed the case of the Salvador–Itaparica Bridge system project and discusses the publicly available government reports on the project with our results. The last study cares about designing an adequate traffic guarantee mechanism for PPP contracts in Road Projects and, for this, we propose a model to determine the traffic guarantee s optimal level that creates favorable conditions for the development of the projects. This Thesis contributes to a better understanding of guarantee mechanisms for private partners and the importance of adequately pricing the contingent government liabilities in infrastructure projects, revealing that a properly designed guarantee mechanism can minimize the government s contingent liabilities and provides adequate guarantees to the private partners. Moreover, also provides a methodology that assists policymakers in designing infrastructure PPP projects and understanding the contingent claims and fiscal costs involved.

Master's dissertation is devoted to the problem of interaction of public authorities and business representatives in the field of preservation of cultural heritage in the Sverdlovsk region. The first сhapter deals with the activities of the executive bodies of state power in the sphere of preservation of cultural heritage, analyzes the legal framework of interaction between public authorities and business structures for the conservation and use of cultural heritage in the region, and also reveals the features of public and private partnership in the study area. The second chapter is devoted to the study of the experience of interaction between the executive bodies of state power and business for the preservation of cultural heritage in the Sverdlovsk region, identifying problems and opportunities for such cooperation. The third paragraph of the chapter presents the project «Development and implementation of a mechanism for the involvement of cultural heritage objects in the Treasury of the Sverdlovsk region in the economic turnover in 2018». / Магистерская диссертация посвящена проблеме взаимодействия органов государственной власти и представителей бизнеса в сфере сохранения объектов культурного наследия в Свердловской области. В первой главе работы рассматривается деятельность исполнительных органов государственной власти в сфере сохранения объектов культурного наследия, анализируются нормативно-правовые основы взаимодействия органов государственной власти и бизнес-структур по сохранению и использованию объектов культурного наследия в регионе, а также раскрываются особенности развития государственно-частного партнерства в изучаемой сфере. Вторая глава работы посвящена изучению опыта взаимодействия исполнительных органов государственной власти и бизнеса по сохранению объектов культурного наследия в Свердловской области, выявлению проблем и возможностей такого сотрудничества. В третьем параграфе главы представлен проект «Разработка и реализация механизма вовлечения объектов культурного наследия, находящихся в казне Свердловской области, в хозяйственный оборот в 2018 году».