Contrairement à la doctrine fiscale, la doctrine administrative de la commande publique, quand bien même son assise est ancienne, n’a constitué que récemment un objet d’étude. Cependant, étant un outil essentiel pour les administrations, la doctrine administrative démontre à nouveau l’unilatéralité de l’action publique au motif qu’elle est l’instrumentum par lequel la direction des affaires juridiques des ministères économiques et financiers (DAJ) propose une interprétation de ce droit technique. Une étude empirique et prospective de cette doctrine administrative doit conduire à mettre en lumière toutes ces sources souterraines du droit de la commande publique sur lesquelles l’ensemble des acteurs s’appuie. / Contrary to the tax doctrine, the administrative doctrine of public contracts, even though its foundation is old, has only recently been an object of study. However, being an essential tool for the administrations, the administrative doctrine demonstrates the unilateral nature of the public action because it is the instrumentum by which the Direction of Legal Affairs of the economic and financial ministries (DAJ) gives an interpretation of this technical law field. An empirical and prospective study of this administrative doctrine should lead to highlighting all these underground sources of public contrats on which all the actors relies.

The thesis deals with typical decisions made by contracting entities which restrict the competition among economic operators. The thesis analyses the typical mistakes which are made by the contract entities in awarding procedures. The causes of mistakes being made by contracting entities can be summarized into three groups. Into the first group belong conscious mistakes. For these mistakes shall be contracting entities` agents held responsible. Into the second group belong mistakes in planning. Mistakes from the third group are made as a consequence of lack of professional skills. None of these mistakes can be prevented just by an amendment to the Act on Public Contracts. Any proposal of an amendment solving the lack of professional skills shall consider also all connected negative effects; mainly additional time demands, financial costs and the risk of underfinanced praxis turning into formalism. Professionally skilled agents are usually more careful when they apply the Act on Public Contracts because they are aware of legal risks. Considering current limited budget resources it should be decided whether to put stress on cooperation with internal or external experts. The author recommends internal experts because external experts do not do their best if they are aware of the fact being not controlled effectively by internal experts. However the current Act on Public Contracts is not perfect, the duties laid by it are enforced successfully. Considering a new amendment also the legal theory shall be taken into account. The author presumes similarity of preventing of breaches against the Act on Public Contracts and of preventing of crimes. The most important factor preventing from criminality is to be aware that the punishment is inescapable, not its rates. The author points out also the opinion of the general theory of law according to which a new act is to be passed only if there is an objective necessary need. It should not to be passed by a fortuity or because of subjective views. There should be also a time space between the amendments. There was an amendment to Act on Public Contracts approved in 2010 and European Union currently prepares amending of awarding directives. The author therefore prefers improving the praxis of awarding in the Czech Republic by granting additional human resources to the Office for the Protection of Competition to passing of another amendment to the Act on Public Contracts. The scope of the Act on Public Contracts is also not convenient for amending a list of contract clauses which are not allowed to be concluded by contracting entities. There are two reasons. Contracting entities are constituted by various groups of subjects and contracts selling their property are outside the scope of the Act on Public Contracts. Contracting entities should use standard awarding procedure to promote competition among economic operators. They should concentrate on exactness of tender conditions. A good prevention to mistakes in awarding procedure is also good planning and skilled human recourses of contracting entities.

This thesis deals with public procurement law in the Czech Republic. It captures the latest trends in public procurement law, together with the amendment to the Public Procurement Act, which entered into force on 1 April 2012. The opening chapter introduces the concepts that are closely related to the issue of public procurement and corruption. There are explained key institutional control mechanisms in the Czech Republic and criminal liability of corruption. The analytical part of this thesis describes the changes, which the amendment brought into the Public Procurement Law. These changes are mainly assessed in terms of impact on the suppression of corruption. This thesis presents and analyzes the arguments of proponents and opponents of the amendment. The analysis is accompanied by a brief look at the development of legislation on public procurement in the European Union in general and in two selected countries of the European Union. The conclusion contains a summary assessment of the issue along with an outlook for a possible further developments in the legal regulation of public procurement. Based on the analysis, the thesis leads to the conclusion that the amendment of public contracts, despite some shortcomings, is leading to a more transparent procurement environment.

This master‘s thesis solves problem of financing public building contract in the municipality. In the theoretical part there are defined concepts of public administration, municipality, public finance, municipal budget and public contract in connection with the possibilities of financing. The practical part is about investment project in village Černotín, the completion of the canalization, which was co-financed by the European union and the Ministry of environment. The conclusions offers alternative possibilities of financing the project.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce the topic „Financial management of a construction contract from the perspective of a contractor“ and to point at possibilities and process of contract funding. This thesis also deals with risks which can affect funding of contract and based on this analysis recommends possible arrangements.

The master’s thesis is about qualification prerequisities of submitter of public orders on construction works. The first four theoretic chapters discuss the submitters and kinds of public contract. There are analyzed particular selection procedures including open simplified underlimited procedure and small-range contracts, which are related to the second part of the master’s thesis. After that there is presented practical part. The main point of this work is to determine which of the qualification prerequisities are for submitter of public orders the most important. Consequently there is recommended which of the qualification prerequisities is convenient to use. The master’s thesis inculdes prices‘ development of public contracts on construction works in the sphere of traffic in years 2009 – 2011.

The thesis deals with the optimum production costs with consideration of price. In the theoretical part the Public Contract Act, entry documentation and periods for offer formation are described. The next part is focused on costs and calculations. In particular, direct and indirect costs, variable and fixed costs, standard calculation pattern as well as dynamic calculation are described. The practical output of the thesis is production costs setting by means of supplier enquiries about material and constunction and assembly works. The practical part also concludes cost calculations to a fictitious company.

This theses is focused on the European Union and EU funds. Description of structural policy and its history, with a focus on structural and cohesion funds. Furthermore, attention is focused on the subsidy received from the ROP southeast. In summary is given a new programming framework 2014-2020. The practical part of the thesis was to describe, analyze and evaluate the project co-financed by EU structural funds. The project was implemented within the ROP SE and tackle integrated transport in the region Breclav.

O princípio da dignidade humana necessita, como em nenhum outro momento, sair do plano etéreo. Direitos meramente de papel em nada contribuem para o verdadeiro avanço civilizacional por todos ambicionado. Para que a humanidade caminhe celeremente para a realização dos valores sedimentados ao longo de um lento processo de consciência política e jurídica que resultou na construção dos catálogos de direitos fundamentais, impreterível se mostra a efetivação plena dos direitos humanos. A convicção da imprescindibilidade da proteção da dignidade humana necessita ser materializada. A questão da efetividade dos direitos fundamentais afeta, com notável magnitude, a proteção jurídica dos trabalhadores. A Declaração de Princípios e Direitos Fundamentais no Trabalho da OIT e os postulados do trabalho decente, saudável e seguro, os quais configuram a definição dos padrões mínimos de direitos trabalhistas no âmbito internacional, não têm sido cumpridos nos diferentes países, comprometendo gravemente a tutela deferida à dignidade do trabalhador. É preciso assegurar a aplicabilidade e a realização dos direitos trabalhistas fundamentais, combatendo os abjetos casos de trabalho em condições análogas à de escravo, de discriminação de trabalhadores, de cerceamento às liberdades sindicais e negociais, de trabalho infantil, inseguro ou em condições indignas, entre inúmeras outras injustas e execráveis situações vivenciadas no ambiente laboral. No cenário econômico globalizado, em que sobressai o capitalismo financeiro, os governos necessitam assumir, como em nenhum outro momento, seu necessário papel na proteção efetiva dos direitos humanos no trabalho. Neste sentido, diante da vinculação à supremacia e à indisponibilidade dos direitos fundamentais como preceptivos essenciais da atividade administrativa no Estado Democrático de Direito, o Poder Público deve exercer sua função de induzir e modelar as condutas sociais. O trabalho acadêmico presente preconiza e defende que os governos devem exercer um papel verdadeiramente ativo, a fomentar e a exigir o efetivo cumprimento dos direitos fundamentais no trabalho, notadamente pela aplicação de instrumentos jurídicos como a cláusula trabalhista nos contratos públicos. A cláusula trabalhista expressa e proclama a emanação da força cogente, vinculante, dos contratos públicos, das disposições contratuais, e revela a capacidade de subtrair os direitos subjetivos do plano abstrato, formando uma conexão real e obrigatória, alicerçada em obrigações particularizadas, diretamente imponíveis, destinadas à realização dos direitos fundamentais no trabalho e da proteção da dignidade do trabalhador, incorrendo o infrator de seus comandos, na imediata aplicação de sanções. Por conseguinte, produz implicações jurídicas materiais para a proteção do trabalho. Os contornos da concepção contemporânea do contrato público socialmente responsável demandam a adoção da cláusula laboral para a afirmação dos direitos fundamentais no trabalho. As características e particularidades do novo regime jurídico em que se inserem os contratos administrativos exprimem e legitimam a plena pertinência e juridicidade da adoção da cláusula social trabalhista em seu núcleo. Neste contexto, a realização dos padrões internacionais de proteção ao trabalhador é condição mandatória para o desenvolvimento sustentável. A contratação pública socialmente responsável que valoriza e concretiza a proteção da dignidade do trabalhador pode, verdadeiramente, influenciar as atividades econômicas, promovendo a justiça social nas relações de trabalho que encerram ao exigir, com ênfase, a formatação de padrões de emprego e ocupação laboral que respeitam os direitos humanos no trabalho. / The principle of human dignity, as never before, has to be pulled out of its ethereal plane. Empty rights do not contribute to the true civilization progress coveted by all. So that mankind walks faster towards the achievement of the values settled along the slow process of political and legal awareness that resulted in the construction of catalogs of fundamental rights, the full effectiveness of legal rights shall not be avoided. The indispensable protection to human dignity must be enforced with conviction. The issue of the effectiveness of fundamental principles significantly affects workers legal protection. The ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and the guidelines on decent, healthy and safe work, which define minimum international labour standards, have not been complied with in different countries, severely compromising the protection to workers dignity. The applicability and enforcement of fundamental labour rights must be guaranteed to fight contemptible cases of slavery-like work conditions, workers discrimination, retrenchment to free labour union and collective bargaining, child labour, unsafe work or under degrading conditions, among several other unfair and infamous situations experienced in the work environment. In a globalized economic scenario, where financial capitalism is emphasized, governments have to assume, as never before, their role in the effective protection of human rights at work. Accordingly, in view of the supremacy and inalienability of fundamental rights as essential principles of administrative activities of the Rule of Law, the role of the Government is to induce and shape social conducts. The present academic paper argues and claims that governments should have a decisively active role, fomenting and enforcing the effective compliance with fundamental rights at work, notably by applying legal instruments as the labour clause in public contracts. The labour clause expresses and affirms the cogent and binding force that arises out of public contracts and contractual provisions, and pulls subjective rights out of their abstract plane, establishing an actual and mandatory connection grounded on specific obligations immediately enforceable and aimed to realize fundamental rights at work and protect the dignity of workers, and applying immediate sanctions on the offender of such legal provisions. Therefore, it produces real and concrete legal developments to labour protection. The outlines of the contemporary conception of socially responsible public contracts require the adoption of the labour clause for the enforcement of fundamental labour rights at work. The characteristics and specificities of the new legal regime, which comprises administrative contracts, express and legitimize the full pertinence and legality of including the labour clause among their provisions. In this context, the compliance with international workers protection standards is mandatory to a sustainable development. Socially responsible public contracts that value and enforce the protection to workers dignity may effectively influence economic activities, promoting social justice in labour relations that emphatically claim for the structuring of employment and labour standards that respect human rights at work.

Green purchases are part of a strategy for the application of a sustainable country development, considered as ‘a development that satisfies the people’s current necessities without affecting the ability of future generations to satisfy their own’. (Brundtland Report 1987). In the same way, it is part of a strategy to fight the effects of the weather changes or greenhouse that affect our planet and as a consequence the humanity.The green or ecological purchases are simple practices in the developing countries, in most cases in the European countries, but they are not known in Latin American countries. Just Costa Rica is supporting this practice with public institutions, for that reason they will get considerable benefits in its process.The Peruvian government is conformed by more than two thousand public entities, they are formed as national and regional government entities, town halls, decentralized offices, entities in the scope of FONAFE, business treatment and charitable work. These entities programmed purchases in the year 2008 approximately 58.234 million soles. However, just a few of the purchases had an ecological purpose.The following article has the objective to show the benefits of the green or ecological purchases, and the experience in developed countries to decide its application in Peru. In this way, this study pretends to join a number of experiences of countries in their green purchases and so it is divided in four parts. The first part referrs to the framework of the green purchases and it refers to the different concepts that explain those factors that push the United States to apply this strategy. The second part is about the international experience with the best practices. The third part shows the possibility of the green purchases in the country, and in the fourth part conclusions are presented. / Las compras verdes se convierten en parte de una estrategia para la aplicación del desarrollo sostenible en un país, entendido este como el «desarrollo que satisface a las necesidades actuales de las personas sin comprometer la capacidad de las futuras generaciones para satisfacer las suyas» (Informe Brundtland, 1987). Así, también, es parte de una estrategia que trata de contribuir a combatir los efectos del cambio climático e invernadero que ponen en peligro la existencia de nuestro planeta y, por lo tanto, también de la humanidad.Las compras verdes o ecológicas son prácticas comunes en los países desarrollados, sobre todo europeos; sin embargo, son muy poco conocidas en los países de América Latina. Solo Costa Rica está promocionando esta práctica en sus instituciones públicas y ha obtenido considerables beneficios en su implementación.El Estado peruano está compuesto por más de 2 mil entidades públicas contratantes, las cuales están agrupadas en entidades de gobierno nacional y regional, municipalidades, instancias descentralizadas, entidades bajo el ámbito del FONAFE (Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento de la Actividad Empresarial del Estado), de tratamiento empresarial y sociedades de beneficencia. Estas entidades programaron compras en el año 2008 por la cantidad de 58.234 millones de nuevos soles. Sin embargo, muy pocas de dichas compras tuvieron un criterio ecológico en su proceso de selección.El presente artículo tiene por objetivo mostrar las bondades de las compras verdes o ecológicas y la experiencia en países desarrollados, y plantear su aplicación en nuestro país. Así, este trabajo trata de recopilar una serie de experiencias de países en sus compras verdes y se divide en cuatro partes. La primera parte se refiere al marco conceptual de las compras verdes y abarca, principalmente, los diversos conceptos que explican los factores que impulsan a los Estados a implementar dicha estrategia. La segunda parte presenta la experiencia internacional en la que se describen las mejores prácticas. La tercera parte analiza la posibilidad de la aplicación de las compras verdes en el país y, en la cuarta parte, se presentan las conclusiones del artículo