Broadly speaking, this research is intended to shed light on how post-genocide societies attempt to address a traumatic history and reconcile the problems of ethnic and religious hatred. Germany and Poland are especially ripe cases for such research given their historical memories of the Holocaust and unique legal and diplomatic efforts to counter anti-Semitism. However, since many of the policies on this issue have only been implemented in the past ten to fifteen years, there has not yet been a comprehensive study that has evaluated their effectiveness. This dissertation will attempt to fill this gap in the literature and provide new insight as to how states can best grapple with this problem. The central question for this research is: Have state policies been effective in reducing levels of anti-Semitic attitudes and incidents in Germany and Poland since 1990? This question will be investigated by first examining the historical development of anti-Semitism in each country, then discussing the policies implemented to address the problem, and finally evaluating the results of such measures. From a public policy perspective, this research will contribute to our understanding of the approaches taken by these two countries and discover which measures have been most effective in reducing anti-Semitic behavior and ideology. The findings show that while the policies implemented have tended to be effective in reducing general anti-Semitic attitudes and helping revive domestic Jewish communities, they have been less successful in reducing levels of anti-Semitic crime. The policy analysis portions of the dissertation provide a number of explanations for these outcomes and acknowledge areas for potential policy improvement. This research has implications not only for the region of Central Europe, but also other societies that continue to grapple with problems of ethnic and religious hatred.

This study investigates the diversification of contemporary diplomacy in a deeper manner by choosing the concept of dance, which has never been chosen before. Theoretical andhistorical analysis of dance diplomacy helps us to answer the main research question of thestudy how does dance diplomacy contribute to the diversification of contemporary diplomacy. This research paper utilizes a qualitative methodology with the interpretative, historical, descriptive and cultural approaches and uses qualitative methods of literature review, content analysis, comparative analysis and theory triangulation. In this study we seethat dancers and choreographers complement today's diplomats, we find that the implications of cultural diversity expand an understanding of contemporary diplomacy, and that new emerging practices of dance diplomacy contribute to “new diplomacy” findings. Furthermore, practices of dance diplomacy could be described as parts of cultural diplomacy, public diplomacy, instruments of soft power or forms of nonverbal communication. This illustrates that contemporary diplomacy is somehow shaped by culture, public, power and communication, and therefore it could be understood from all these perspectives. Besides this, a chosen historical perspective and a background of the dance diplomacy help us to see that dance diplomacy is a natural consequence of the evolution of diplomacy. At last, it is relevant for the academic society to ground it on a scientific theoretical basis, which could expand our understanding of contemporary diplomacy.

With the aim of contributing one aspect to the international relations enterprise of understanding the grounds for security policy action, this essay makes a theoretical exploration of the basis for security strategy-making on the political level, with the aid of a multidisciplinary framework for analysis (combining research on strategy, narratives and role theory). Developing the concept of strategic actor by assessing its constitution through aspects of strategic theory (e.g. theories of action), role enactment, and strategic narratives, enables the study to construct an analytical tool which can be utilized to assess the strategic reasoning of actors within international relations. This analytical tool is tested for relevance by being employed to empirically analyse public security strategies of states and intergovernmental organizations as presumed strategic actors. Empirical analysis guided by the framework for analysis is conducted vis-à-vis a selection of security strategies (a.k.a. strategic concepts) between 2000 and 2010, of state-actors: the Russian Federation, the United States, the United Kingdom, and IGO-actors: the European Union and NATO. The essay increases the understanding of strategic actors’ strategy-making in general and security strategy-making in particular. The findings augment the understanding of the complex choices facing political units if they aim to credibly cast themselves as a strategic actor – at least regarding the aspect of reasoning strategically – as well as shedding some more light on the particular policy material that security strategies represents.

日本在第二次世界大戰後，面臨重新進入國際社會的困難，為了扭轉軍國主義以及敗戰國的形象，開始推動公眾外交。日本的公眾外交政策為配合其國家利益及所處之國際環境，在不同時期有不同的策略。在冷戰結束之後，周遭國家陸續崛起，所面對的國際議題無法以傳統外交的方式解決，日本將公眾外交視為其重要的外交政策之一。 東南亞地區作為當今國際關係的熱點，在國際政治與經濟場域上的重要性不可同日而語，日本戰後的賠償援助以及1970年代開始的文化交流，作為對東南亞國家的公眾外交實踐，在冷戰結束後以高層互訪、官方發展援助、留學生與青年交流、文化交流、觀光互訪等方式持續進行，成效斐然，民調資料皆顯示了日本在東南亞地區以公眾外交的成功，有效地改變人心、扭轉形象。但日本的公眾外交也非並皆能奏效，在面臨中國大陸時仍受制於歷史因素而受挫。由此可見，公眾外交政策必須因地制宜，配合不同的國家，有不同的公眾外交政策。 / After World War II, Japan was facing the difficulty of returning to international society owing to her image as a militarism and defeated country. In order to re-enter the international community, Japan launched her public diplomacy policy. Japan’s public diplomacy strategy changes in different periods following her shifting national interests and changing international environment. After the end of the Cold War, while Japan’s surrounding countries prospered and it became apparent that most international disputes cannot be resolved by traditional diplomacy alone, consequently, public diplomacy became a critical diplomatic tool for the Japanese government. Nowadays, Southeast Asia is a hotspot in international relations. This area plays an important role in the international political and economic field. Japanese public diplomacy aimed at this region varies from war reparations aid to cultural exchange in the past several decades. The practice of Japanese public diplomacy to southeast Asia after Cold War includes high-level visits, official development aids, foreign students and youth exchanges, cultural exchanges and tourism. The result of Japanese public diplomacy was a huge success as illustrated by the latest opinion poll. However, Japanese public diplomacy implemented in some states has not been as efficient as it performs in Southeast Asia; for example, in Mainland China, where the positive effect of Japanese public diplomacy is curbed due to the country’s historical burden. Therefore, public diplomacy requires careful consideration of multiple conditions and perspectives of a country.

The thesis deals with the issue of public diplomacy at the level of bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Germany. The thesis defines the importance of public diplomacy; it introduces a fundamental concept of both Czech and German public diplomacy with a focus on cultural diplomacy. Historical part outlines the contribution and influence of both countries to the public of the other, and the example of the Czech Centre in Munich shows the Czech practice of cultural diplomacy as an important tool of public diplomacy and the form of the image presented by the Czech Republic in Germany.

Public diplomacy has become an integral part of international relations in the recent years. Effective communication is the key in solving international conflicts and in strengthening the partnership between nations. Building an excellent reputation of the individual country among the foreign community has no less importance. This master thesis deals with the promotion of Czech culture as an important part of public diplomacy in the US, particularly in New York, partly in Washington, DC. First and second chapter provide a theoretical framework for the following issues. Basic concept of public diplomacy is clarified there. The third chapter then presents specific players and partners whose cooperation the author deals in the fourth and fifth chapter. The fourth chapter discusses in detail the Film Festival Panorama Europe, Europe's largest film festival in New York and tries to map its promotion. This event is significant in that it is an original project of the Czech Centre New York. The Film Festival currently has a lot of partners and is held under the auspices of EUNIC. The fifth chapter presents a unique project, which has been involved in over twenty-five different players. Main theme was the freedom celebration, celebration of the 25th anniversary of Velvet Revolution. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze how players contribute in building the reputation of the Czech Republic in the USA and how they promote their activities. Everything is based on case studies.

The master thesis deals with a new phenomenon in the world of diplomacy: digital diplomacy. The main objective of this work is to determine whether the digital diplomacy is able to improve the relationship between the American and Islamic civilization. To fulfill this goal, the case study of Digital Outreach Team, of a team of specialists who search the internet and communicate with Muslims with negative attitude towards US, was used. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter provides a theoretical introduction to digital diplomacy. The second chapter is devoted to the use of digital diplomacy in the Unied States: a world leader in information and communication technologies, with an emphasis on digitization of activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the third chapter we find the analysis of the digital activities of the team and assessment of the digital diplomacy on Arab soil.

Thesis deals with the cultural diplomacy of South Korea. In the first part it looks into the concept of cultural diplomacy itself mainly its historical evolution and current understanding in international relations. Marginally, it discusses public diplomacy, cultural relations, soft power and nation branding. The second part is analytic and covers South Korean cultural diplomacy as a whole, its evolution, main actors and theirs activities. Thanks to the theoretical apparatus it looks into the areas of South Korean cultural diplomacy. The third part covers the evaluation of this policy as a whole and also it focuses on the area of support of foreign student and academic exchanges.

Incorported in Russia's public diplomacy arsenal towards France is memory diplomacy, according to which Russian authorities seek to integrate their own historical narratives with those of France and to export commemorative practices there. This often overlooked diplomacy type is one of the most covert soft power tools. This thesis examines how has Russia utilized memory diplomacy as a soft power towards France from 2000 to 2019. It argues that Russia has deliberately omited to promote its past role, whether direct or indirect, when local interpretations of a shared event in France are too fragmented. In more consensual conditions and particularly regarding the Second World War, Russia's memory diplomacy has been versatile in its methods, using both traditional and new public diplomacy tools. With soft power as a goal, the Russian authorities have targeted the diverse Russian diaspora communities in France and French politicians through this memory policy to have them relay the Kremlin's political position.

This thesis examines who the Israel Defense Forces use their English languageTwitter account to construct an image of Hezbollah online during times without violent conflict. The goal is to understand how this behavior fits within Israel’sPublic Diplomacy strategy. Using Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze tweets concerning Hezbollah between May 2020 and May 2021, I identify one maindriver of the adaptation of social media into the military’s public diplomacy toolkit: mediatization. Results show that the Israel Defense Forces has adopted Twitter as a communication channel outside the gatekeeper function and control of traditional media outlets, to share their Public Diplomacy message directly with foreign audiences – including their enemies, such as Hezbollah. I identify five main categories or intentions with which the Israel Defense Forces address Hezbollah on Twitter: 1) Remembrance, 2) Current Developments and Information, 3) Iraian Proxies 4) tweets mentioning Hezbollah directly and 5)tweets Shaming, Blaming or Calling-out Hezbollah or the international community and media on their approach to the group.