[pt] O presente estudo parte da insistente indagação sobre os motivos da falência das redes públicas brasileiras de atenção à saúde. Apesar de instituído na Constituição da República de 1988 como um sistema público de saúde que se pretende de cobertura integral e acesso universal, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), na prática, não avançou neste sentido. Pelo contrário, são enormes as desigualdades em saúde no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar que uma das principais chaves para a superação desta adversidade se encontra na forma como as ações e serviços públicos de saúde no Brasil são financiadas. Afirma-se que o atual modelo de financiamento do SUS apresenta ineficiências e promove iniquidade. No primeiro capítulo são apresentados os aspectos do direito à saúde sob a ótica global, buscando traçar um panorama dos conceitos e tendências desta área do conhecimento. O segundo capítulo discute o conflito entre a infinitude das demandas de saúde e a escassez de recursos para supri-las, procurando destacar a importância do equilíbrio entre as dimensões da equidade e da eficiência durante o exercício da tarefa de alocação de recursos sanitários. O terceiro e o quarto capítulos tratam propriamente do financiamento do SUS. O terceiro capítulo se ocupa com o padrão dos gastos públicos, tornando evidente que os governos brasileiros historicamente se imiscuem da responsabilidade de promover o financiamento adequado das ações e serviços públicos de saúde. O quarto e último capítulo aborda um outro aspecto problemático do financiamento do SUS, qual seja, a ausência de um pacto interfederativo que promova a colaboração mútua entre os entes federativos, situação que prejudica a harmonia do sistema. / [en] This research explores the persistent question regarding the reasons for the failure of the Brazilian Public Health System. Although the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 envisioned its Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) to become an universal system intended to guarantee full access and coverage for all, in practice this concept has never materialized. On the contrary, there are enormous inequalities on the delivery of health in Brazil. This research aims to demonstrate that methods of financing are one of the key elements to overcome such arduous situation. It is asserted that the current health financing model in Brazil is inefficient and ultimately promotes inequality. The first chapter reflects on aspects related to right to health from a global perspective, mapping the key concepts and tendencies of Global Health. The second chapter deliberates on the conflict between the infinite demand for health and the scarcity of resources to fulfill such demand, them, highlighting therefore the great importance of achieving a balance between equity and efficiency when conducting the task of allocating health resources. The third and the fourth chapters are addressed to the financing of the Brazilian s Unified Health System. The third chapter considers the Brazilian pattern of public health spending, in order to demonstrate that, historically, Brazilian governments evaded their responsibility of providing adequate health financing. The fourth and last chapter examines another problematic aspect of the public health financing in Brazil, which is the lack of cooperation between the federal units, the absence of such inter-federal covenant is believed to be detrimental to the health system as it impacts on its harmony and unity.

Les biens d'usage public sont la catégorie centrale de la construction du droit administratif des biens. L'absence d'une analyse d'ensemble de la catégorie, en droit colombien, pousse à revoir les bases sur lesquelles elle repose et ses conséquences. Plus que toute autre catégorie juridique, les biens d'usage public sont tributaires de leur histoire, c'est dans l'étude de cette dernière que se trouvent les clés d'interprétation de tout le système. Le modèle utilisé par le code civil colombien a été calqué sur la division des biens publics, opérée par le droit espagnol colonial – inspirée à son tour du droit romain. Une mise à jour s'avère nécessaire. À partir de la notion de propriété publique, et de son régime constitutionnel, il est possible de construire une définition matérielle des biens d'usage public, permettant de comprendre les caractéristiques de l'usage public. Cela implique, aussi, une révision complète du régime juridique à la lumière de l'exploitation sociale et économique – valorisation – de la propriété publique. À une triple protection, celle de la propriété publique, du bien d'usage public et de l'usager, s'ajoute une nouvelle approche des occupations privatives. Cette idée d'exploitation sociale et économique anime un nouveau régime des titres habilitant l'occupation privative, des redevances pour occupation des biens d'usage public et des droits réels administratifs. / Regulation of public property available for public use is at the core of administrative law. The Colombian Civil Code has copied colonial Spanish law in the matter, which in turn was inspired by Roman law. However, the absence of an exhaustive and coherent regulation in Colombia has forced the interpreter to study its foundation and further developments to interpret it. An update of this legal system is, therefore, imperative. Beginning with the concept of public property and its constitutional regulation, it is poss ible to analyze the elements of its public use, which will allow proposing a definition of those assets. It is necessary to analyze the regulation of these public properties under the light of their social and economic value. The protection granted by the law to the concepts of public property, public use and public user, has to be assessed under the new approach of the administrative authorizations pertaining to such public property. This notion of social and economic value will also allow scholars/people to have a new vision of the regulation of administrative authorizations, the exclusive rights (in rem) they confer and the income they produce.