Com este trabalho pretende-se refletir a produção do espaço dos largos, frente ao universo dos espaços públicos contemporâneos. A tese é a de que os espaços públicos dos largos se constituíram como redutos de apropriações alternativas. Assim, divergente da lógica das “revitalizações urbanas”, pautadas na especulação imobiliária, os largos resistiram e consolidaram uma produção do espaço de caráter popular. Além disso, o desenvolvimento do trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica que perpassa os conceitos norteadores da Geografia a fim de ampliar e tornar múltipla a apropriação teórica. Assim, através do conceito de paisagem, espaço, território e lugar, os largos trazem a tona uma realidade clandestina e subterrânea da vida social dos espaços públicos. / With this work we intend to reflect the production of the space of the “square”, in front of the universe of contemporary public spaces. The thesis is that the public spaces of the “square” were constituted as redoubts of alternative appropriations. Thus, divergent from the logic of "urban revitalizations", based on real estate speculation, the squares resisted and consolidated a production of the space of popular character. In addition, the development of the work presents a methodological proposal that crosses the guiding concepts of Geography in order to broaden and make multiple the theoretical appropriation. Thus, through the concept of landscape, space, territory and place, the squares” bring to light a clandestine and subterranean reality of the social life in the public spaces.

This thesis considers the question of socio-cultural encounters and conviviality in the context of urban retail marketplaces. It elaborates on the concept of 'conviviality' through two case studies in Greater Manchester, UK. With a focus on town centre marketplaces, this thesis considers what underpins conviviality across three elements: physical and spatial ordering, socio-cultural structure, and management and local governance. In the study of the first element, the role of the built environment and physical dimensions of place is considered in shaping encounter. The social domains of encounter are studied in more depth to explore the second element. And the final element is studied to understand the role of management bodies in shaping and mediating encounter. Marketplaces as a type of micro-public have always been much more than places of economic exchange. As flexible spatial and temporal assemblages, they can provide and provoke vivid and inclusive public spaces. However, their role in the urban fabric has been challenged by the forces of changing shopping habits, a declining economic situation of the high street, and changing urban demographics and cultural composition. While a growing body of literature explores the changing position of marketplaces, there is a gap in the exploration of their social composition, and their capacity to provide a socio-spatial expression of multicultural conviviality. The findings of this research highlight that marketplaces are sites of plural, heterogeneous and distributed practices, identities and cultures that accommodate casual relationships. Based on empirical findings in Bolton and Tommyfield (Oldham) marketplaces, this research concludes that social encounters as means of fulfilling the need for urban social experience should be mediated as well as acknowledged. Therefore, the aim of conviviality and socio-cultural understanding would not be achieved without; first, understanding the mundane practices and social encounters of marketplaces and then, inculcation and facilitation of them by the relevant authorities. This study argues that it is important to maintain the role of marketplaces in the urban public realm, as they have the spatial and social potential to contribute to the social regeneration of cities and communities. This research makes an original contribution to knowledge in terms of (1) developing wider theoretical debates about social encounter and diversity, (2) highlighting the changing role of marketplaces within the wider realm of public spaces and local governance and (3) contributing to the development of a new methodological approach to study social encounters in urban micro-publics.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-05T13:36:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Laeticia Medeiros Jalil.pdf: 3021418 bytes, checksum: e7ba92c4b2efd0b9af16c4a54fcf608f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T13:36:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Laeticia Medeiros Jalil.pdf: 3021418 bytes, checksum: e7ba92c4b2efd0b9af16c4a54fcf608f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Analyzes the relation between the practices of rural women workers who participate in the Peasant Women's Movement (Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas, MMC) and the concept o Food Sovereignty, being the MMC the only feminist movement in Brazil to be part of Via Campesina. For that we have analyzed the Campaign for the Production of Healthy Food, trying to understand how this practices represent questioning, resistence and confrontation of the diverse ways by wich capitalism and patriarchy are expressed in their realities. Through the identification of some actions related to the campaign we have tried to realize how this actions have a sense of democratization of the public sphere and broaden the access to social rights (education, health, water, agro-ecological production, the struggle to preserve native seeds, medicinal herbs and valuing peasant culture). The idea is based in the possibility of situating our view within the political, cultural and theoretical universe in which the issues of gender and food sovereignty have come to evidence. Another issue is the use o food sovereignty as a political tool for strengthening the struggle of social movements and its definition as one of the axis of the MMC political project. Thus, we have carried out an ethnographic study with the campaign facilitators in the State of Santa Catarina. We have followed the activities of five facilitators for twenty three days and visited six groups in five different cities, in the effort of identifying and observing the characteristics or the practices and strategies of women groups involved in the Campaign for the Production of Healthy Food an in the Native Seeds Rescue, Production and Improvement Program. Through a systematization of some data, our proposal is to discuss and try to find answers for a few questions as: how does an approach based on gender issues can contribute to the debate on food sovereignty? How through this campaign is food sovereignty becoming a political project for the MMC? What are the difficulties that peasant women see in implementing this campaign? How is the struggle of women for food sovereignty broadening and brings democracy to public space? How is the struggle for food sovereignty combined with the struggles for access to water, education, welfare and other? / A proposta desta disserta??o ? analisar a rela??o entre as mulheres agricultoras que participam do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas/MMC e a Soberania Alimentar a partir da sua pr?tica, sendo o MMC o ?nico movimento feminista que participa da Via Campesina no Brasil. Para tal, foi analisada a Campanha pela Produ??o de Alimentos Saud?veis buscando perceber como essas pr?ticas representam o questionamento, a resist?ncia e o enfrentamento das diversas formas pelas quais se expressam em suas realidades o capitalismo e o patriarcado. A partir da identifica??o de algumas a??es relacionadas ? campanha, buscamos perceber como estas democratizam a esfera p?blica e ampliam o campo de acesso aos direitos sociais (educa??o, sa?de, acesso ? ?gua, produ??o agroecol?gica, a luta pelo resgate das sementes crioulas, plantas medicinais e a valoriza??o da cultura camponesa). A ideia se constitui na possibilidade de nos situarmos dentro do universo social, pol?tico e te?rico, no qual as quest?es sobre g?nero e soberania alimentar tem se apresentado. Outra quest?o que foi abordada ? a o uso da soberania alimentar como instrumento pol?tico que fortalece a luta dos movimentos sociais e sua defini??o enquanto um dos eixos do projeto pol?tico do MMC. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa etnogr?fica com as monitoras da campanha no estado de Santa Catarina. Durante 23 dias as atividades de cinco monitoras foram acompanhadas. Seis grupos em cinco cidades foram visitados, para identificar e caracterizar as estrat?gias e as pr?ticas dos grupos de mulheres que est?o envolvidas na campanha pela produ??o de alimentos saud?veis e no Programa de Recupera??o, Produ??o e Melhoramento das Sementes Crioulas. A partir da sistematiza??o de alguns dados, a proposta ? discutir e tentar responder a algumas quest?es: em que medida uma abordagem de g?nero enriquece a discuss?o sobre soberania alimentar? Como a soberania alimentar, por meio das a??es da campanha, se constitui em projeto pol?tico do MMC? Quais as maiores dificuldades que as mulheres camponesas enfrentam na implementa??o da campanha? De que forma a luta das mulheres por soberania alimentar amplia e democratiza o espa?o p?blico? Como elas articulam a campanha e a luta por soberania alimentar com a luta pela democratiza??o da ?gua, educa??o, previd?ncia social, dentre outras?

Este trabalho ocupa-se das áreas inferiores de viadutos, os chamados baixios. Tratados quase sempre pelo poder público e pela literatura acadêmica como espaços residuais,os baixios de viadutos não foram considerados historicamente como recursos territoriais passíveis de utilização pública. Mas, como na metrópole não existem espaços inteiramente desocupados, os baixios exibem usos e ocupações, ainda que pautados na informalidade. Diversos grupos fazem desses territórios locais de encontros e de atividades no curso diário de suas vidas, dotando-os, ao transgredir seu uso original, de qualidades não previstas.Ao analisar os usos e as ocupações nos baixios dos viadutos Alcântara Machado e do Glicério, em São Paulo, esta dissertação procura mostrar a complexidade de territórios que, justamente por serem intersticiais, constituíram-se como oportunidades para atuações espontâneas promovidas por atores sociais. Ao inserir e manter iniciativas nos baixios, esses atores conseguiram estabelecer ali espaços públicos. A literatura acadêmica tem demonstrado que a apropriação do espaço público pode gerar um senso de coletividade a partir de sua gestão, caso ela seja compartilhada. Esta dissertação contrastou as iniciativas de uso dos baixios com a conceituação de \"commons\" presente no debate contemporâneo sobre o assunto, em que a ação voluntária e a autoresponsabilização permitem a mobilização de recursos para a ocupação. A escolha dos baixios, áreas da cidade onde a ocupação espontânea é relativamente antiga, teve como objetivo gerar subsídios para a compreensão de10processos mais recentes de qualificação e de ativação dos espaços públicos, ou \"comuns urbanos\", apoiados no ideal do \"bem comum\". Esses processos ainda são vistos como fenômenos precários e/ou transitórios, embora tenham potencial para gerar possibilidades efetivas de uso e para tornar seus promotores agentes aptos a exercer papel mais ativo na ordenação do espaço urbano. / The present study focuses on the residual areas under viaducts. Often seen by city councils and academic literature only as residual spaces, these areas have not been historically considered as resources suitable for public use. Nonetheless, as there is no such a thing as completely vacant land in the metropolis, the residual area bellow viaducts do show some use and occupations, even though non formal; different groups use such territories as places for gathering and other activities. By subverting their purported use (or non-use), they fill them with unexpected qualities. By analyzing uses and occupations in the areas bellow Alcântara Machado and Glicério viaducts in the city of São Paulo, this dissertation aims at demonstrating the complexity of these portions of the municipality territory which, for the very reason of being interstitial, became opportunities for spontaneous actions and projects developed by different social stakeholders. By introducing and maintaining initiatives in these \"baixios\" (as such spaces are called in Brazil) these social stakeholders were able to stablish public spaces on them. The academic literature has demonstrated that this kind of appropriation of common but non-used space in the city can generate a sense of community deriving from its management, provided it is performed in a collective manner. The present work analyzed such initiatives by confronting them with the concept of \"commons\" applied in recent studies about this subject in which spontaneous and self-12responsible action enabled the mobilization of such territories resources into urban occupations. The \"baixios\" where chosen for investigation as they have been historically occupied in as spontaneous fashion in São Paulo. For this reason, they have the potential to illuminate more recent processes of public space qualification and activation aiming at the common good.

Yue Shuk Wai, Doris. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter A. --- Research / Abstract / Study on Tokyo's Station Identity / Transit Value Capture. Tokyo / Rail & Property Development. Hong Kong / Renegotiating Public Space / Case Study: Tokyo Midtown / A Collaboration between Public & Private Sectors / The Relationship between Public Space formed with Building and Street / Chapter B. --- Design / Branding of Hong Kong MTRC and its Station Identity / Hypothesis / The West Island Line / Hong Kong Renewal Strategies / Site Analysis / Conclusion of URS Review and Interview with Shopkeepers / Redistribution of Site GFA / Lighting and Shading Investigation / Site Anaylsis & Design Strategies / Three Negotiation Parties / Design Principle / Plans. Concept Diagrams. Sections. Perspective / New Station Identity of Sai Ying Pun / Bibliography

This thesis seeks to explore the role of the performing arts in reconfiguring an unjust spatial history. By exploring the performing arts as a vehicle for creativity, freedom and a new consciousness within the city. Alexandra Township is still one of the impoverished settlements with very few public facilities, amenities and public space. The quality of its infrastructure is timeworn and does not meet all the needs of a society that is modernising. Finally there is now an increase in learners passing matric and wanting exposure to potential career options in the performing arts. This thesis will critically explore performance in the city - where the performer is seen as the self of all selves. It will also explore the meaning of public space in Alexandra and how the residents of Alexandra utilise public space for the purpose of performance. The idea of the building is to borrow from Alexandra where the building is seen as backstage and the township as the backdrop; A building that shapes and watches the urban life of Alexandra. This building speaks of an architecture which is connected with pockets of dignified public space. Fused with green spaces to create a theatre which becomes a green node for public space and the celebration of a performance culture found in Alexandra Township.

<p>Denna uppsats behandlar innerstadens kajer i Stockholm. Syftet är att analysera hur innerstadens kajer fungerar som offentliga rum och hur de uppfattas av stadens invånare. Källmaterialet består till stor del av plandokument samt av intervjuer med både tjänstemän och stadens invånare.  En fallstudie vid en av innerstadens kajer har genomförts för att på ett tydligare sätt förstå kajernas dynamik. Resultaten från uppsatsen visar att planeringen kring kajområdena är splittrad och uppdelad mellan många olika instanser. Denna uppdelning tycks ge kajerna dess fysiska och psykiska utseende som antingen uppskattas eller ogillas av stadens invånare. Som offentliga rum fungerar kajerna på flera sätt, bland annat finns en osäkerhet och en kamp om rummet vilket skapar en dynamik som gör platserna levande och fungerande.</p>

Denna uppsats behandlar innerstadens kajer i Stockholm. Syftet är att analysera hur innerstadens kajer fungerar som offentliga rum och hur de uppfattas av stadens invånare. Källmaterialet består till stor del av plandokument samt av intervjuer med både tjänstemän och stadens invånare.  En fallstudie vid en av innerstadens kajer har genomförts för att på ett tydligare sätt förstå kajernas dynamik. Resultaten från uppsatsen visar att planeringen kring kajområdena är splittrad och uppdelad mellan många olika instanser. Denna uppdelning tycks ge kajerna dess fysiska och psykiska utseende som antingen uppskattas eller ogillas av stadens invånare. Som offentliga rum fungerar kajerna på flera sätt, bland annat finns en osäkerhet och en kamp om rummet vilket skapar en dynamik som gör platserna levande och fungerande.

The escalating urbanization process has given rise to various complications in the urban structure. One of the major issues is the one concerning urban cohesion. As modern cities are facing a transformation from industrial to knowledge societies, many aspects have to be taken into consideration in the planning of cities. This thesis aims to study the significance of a cohesive city centre from a social and spatial point of view, and to understand modern cities’ development towards innovative Knowledge Cities. The objective is to present proposals for how a unification of a fragmented downtown can be made possible seen from a Knowledge City perspective. The two main research questions of this thesis are answered by literary reviews of existing theories in urban planning, by a case study of the downtown area in the Swedish city of Jönköping, and finally also by a design proposal showing on how urban cohesiveness can be obtained from a Knowledge City perspective. If cities are to become successful knowledge cities they have to promote culture, attractiveness and above all an innovative urban environment. Innovation is mainly achieved by so called “innovation engines” – simple urban elements, such as a café or a library. For innovation to emerge, human interaction and meetings have to occur in the urban environment, why innovation engines are key factors in the development towards knowledge cities. As human interaction is maximized in the simple meetings between people, added interaction possibilities are enabled in public spaces such as a square or a pedestrian street. Public spaces are used as a tool for assembling people in the city. They have positive impact on the city only when they are part of a whole, and works as a network system in the urban structure. This is why urban cohesiveness is essential in the planning of modern cities. Public space is a fundamental feature in the urban structure, endorsing coherence, urban quality and human affiliation, making it an essential element if a city is to be coherent. Cohesion in public spaces can be regulated by the design and planning of cities and either stimulate or dampen the public areas. Gathering people creates opportunities for people to interact on an individual level and thereby stimulate each other, and it is people that need to be gathered rather than buildings. Urban activities and the complementarity between public spaces needs to promote social dynamics, which in turn enhances the urban experience, enables urban cohesion and minimizes social exclusion and urban fragmentation.

The surface parking lot was a key element in the destruction of traditional public space. It fragmented the fabric of traditional cities, prompting the sprawl of twentieth century cities and suburbs. The automobile permitted the average individual, for the first time in history, to move through public space insulated in a private shell, shielded from strangers and protected from undesirables. Consequently, the role of the sidewalk dwindled. The automobile and the parking lot dominated the pedestrian and the sidewalk, whose diminished vitality further encouraged widespread automobile use. As a result, the parking lot became one of the defining features of the American city. In the United States parking lots are expected to be utilitarian, prevalent and free. Even as traditional public spaces disappeared, there was little demand for new public spaces, particularly not in the parking lot. Through investigations of parking history and public space, this thesis argues that parking lots, by virtue of their visual and physical accessibility, are contemporary public space. Although they are singular in their use, in contrast to the multifaceted street, parking lots are the settings for modern public life. This thesis further asserts that the simple landscape of the utilitarian parking lot can be transformed into complex public space, thereby enlivening the public realm.