War-reporting journalists have a higher prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) than the general population (Feinstein, Owen & Blair, 2002). However, no psychopathological gender differences have been identified (Sinyor & Feinstein, 2012). This is in stark contrast to evidence from the general population, which indicates women experience double the rate of PTSD than men (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes & Nelson, 1995). This study qualitatively analysed female journalists’ experiences of covering potentially traumatic news stories, with a view to exploring the lived experience behind the statistics. Interviews with four UK-based journalists, with extensive experience of covering potentially traumatic news stories, were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three superordinate themes were identified; psychological responses to covering traumatic news stories, perception of support related to traumatic coverage and attitudes towards counselling. None of the participants’ psychometric screening surveys indicated significant post-traumatic stress responses, yet all qualitatively reported multiple symptoms, indicating a tendency to under-report and a lack of psychological mindedness. Conversely, post-traumatic growth (PTG) was evident indicating that perceived rewards mitigated adverse psychological outcomes. Support from management and colleagues were largely perceived as practical rather than emotional by the participants, if at all, with indications of a macho work culture which did not support motherhood but propagated inter-journalist romance. Dissatisfaction, ambivalence and misconceptions related to counselling emerged, alongside a preference for a non-stigmatised professional encounter, such as debriefing, indicating a need for psycho-education and specialised training for both media professionals and mental health practitioners.

This study examines the factors that shape decision-making in relation to the development of Learner Teacher Support Materials (LTSMs) in South Africa by focusing on the processes that govern the development of Foundation Phase LTSMs, and on how publishers understand the educational nature of LTSMs that will lead to effective literacy acquisition. Findings are based on elite interviews with members of senior management in the publishing industry, and triangulated with interviews with authors and academic specialists of Foundation Phase. It was found that the close alignment between government directives and processes and the publishing industry form the core of all LTSM development and production, creating some symbiosis as well as restraints. Factors that shape the production of LTSMs include full compliance with the specific outcomes of the curriculum; producing LTSMs that are affordable in terms of set criteria by selection committees; selection committees that, determine acceptance of LTSMs for placement on approved lists; time frames that preclude in-depth research and trialling, a market that is deeply stratified and where this stratification is reinforced by curriculum imperatives relating to language; and the monitoring of classroom productivity through the filling in of Learner Book worksheets. Best practice strategies for literacy acquisition requires materials considerably beyond what the industry is producing for South Africa’s most disadvantaged markets, namely the English First Additional Language market. Teacher training done by both publishers and the Department of Basic Education suggest a different conceptualisation of Teachers’ Guides are required in order for professional development to take place through LTSMs.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, African Literature, 2014. / The purpose of this research project was to investigate the role of the publishing industry in supporting and promoting isiZulu fiction in South Africa. The research first highlighted the contribution made by the missionaries in the 19th century in publishing literature in indigenous languages in general and in isiZulu fiction in particular. This aspect followed by a discussion of the impact of apartheid’s publishing policies on literature in indigenous African languages. This section then followed by the discussion of the strategies and initiatives that have been introduced in order to preserve and promote this literary tradition in the post-apartheid period. This research assessed OUPSA’s book chain process in order to investigate how the book industry contributes to the post-1994 initiatives of promoting creative writing in indigenous languages. It argued that book publishing is not the end of the book provision process, instead marketing and distribution chain, selection of fiction in schools and libraries, lack of experience of librarians, shortage of African languages fiction and financial resources in libraries as well as inconclusiveness of government policies play a huge role in the distribution process of isiZulu fiction which is pivotal to the sustainable existence of a publishing industry. In this research project, different aspects of the book chain process were investigated, such as: publishing and distribution, schools and public libraries, schools and education and literacy level to find out the link between publishing and libraries and schools. It is hoped that the findings of the investigation identified the significant inhibiting factors which may prevent the provision of isiZulu fiction books to libraries and schools that may have been caused by the methods in which books were commissioned, marketing strategies and implementation of the language policy, especially as to how it affects the promotion and rejuvenation of literatures in African languages.

L’apparition des réseaux socionumériques de lecteurs au tournant des années 2000, liée au développement du web social et aux innovations technologiques qui traversent l’industrie du livre, renouvelle les moyens par lesquels les lecteurs accèdentaux informations sur les oeuvres littéraires et en diffusent autour d’eux. Goodreads, aNobii, Shelfari, LibraryThing, Babelio, BdGest, Booknode, Critiques Libres, Entrée Livre, Lecteurs, Libfly, Livraddict, Lecture Academy, MyBoox et beaucoup d’autres plateformes dédiées à la critique de livres sont devenues des lieux incontournables de prescription littéraire. Cette thèse analyse la contribution des réseaux socionumériques de lecteurs à la prescription littéraire, à travers une approche inter‐dimensionnelle destinée à saisir les conditions de l’offre et de la demande de prescription sur Internet. D’un point de vue empirique, l’observation des sites, la réalisation d’entretiens, la diffusion d’un questionnaire et le recueil de traces d’usage, constituent autant de techniques qui nous permettent de recueillir les données nécessaires à la réalisation de l’étude. À l’arrivée, nous mettons au jour les logiques de sociabilité et les modes d’utilisation privilégiés par ces services numériques. Les stratégies, les modes de fonctionnement, les trajectoires de développement et les modèles de valorisation économique qui caractérisent les acteurs engagés sur ce secteur d’activité sont également analysés. En outre, nous portons un éclairage sur les profils et les usages des internautes qui fréquentent les réseaux socionumériques de lecteurs. Enfin, nous interrogeons leurs effets sur la visibilité en ligne des oeuvres littéraires. / The emergence of book social networks during the 2000s, linked to the development of social media and technological innovations in the publishing industry, renews the means by which readers access information about books and share it withothers. Goodreads, aNobii, Shelfari, LibraryThing, Babelio, BdGest, Booknode, Critiques Libres, Entrée Livre, Lecteurs, Libfly, Livraddict, Lecture Academy, MyBoox and many other platforms dedicated to book reviews have become key places of literaryprescription. This thesis analyzes the contribution of book social networks to the literary prescription, through an inter‐dimensional approach that allows us to understand the conditions of supply and demand of prescription on Internet. From an empirical point of view, we observed the websites, conducted interviews, distributed a questionnaire and collected traces of use to gather the data needed to conduct the study. Firstly, we identify the logics of sociability and the usage patterns of these digitalservices. Strategies, modes of operation, trajectories of development and business models that characterize the actors involved in this sector are also analyzed. In addition, we study the profiles and uses of people who visit book social networks. Finally, wequestion the effects of these networks on the online visibility of literary works.

Nas últimas décadas, produtores simbólicos ditos independentes têm ampliado sua presença no espaço público. Esse adjetivo passou a funcionar como critério distintivo, condensando modos de intervenção intelectual e política que descrevem e prescrevem estilos de presença na produção cultural. Esta tese tem por objetos o desenvolvimento de um debate sobre editores, editoras, livros e publicações independentes em escala transnacional e seu enraizamento no Brasil e na Argentina. Estudam-se os materiais intelectuais, os agenciamentos coletivos e as políticas setoriais e públicas referentes a esse universo. Discute-se a (re)emergência da noção de editor(a) independente e a inscrição sócio-institucional dos agentes engajados em defini-la, difundi-la, adotá-la ou recusá-la. O objetivo foi compreender que sentidos essa categoria classificatória assume; a que posturas ideológicas, estéticas e políticas ela remete em cada caso; e a que condicionantes sociais podem ser atribuídas as diferenças e semelhanças entre os casos estudados. / In recent decades, the so-called \"independent\" symbolic producers have increased their presence in the public space. This adjective began to function as a criterion of distinction, summarizing ways of intellectual and political intervention that describe and prescribe certain styles of cultural production. This thesis addresses the development of a debate on \"independent\" publishers, publishing houses, books and publications on a transnational scale, as well as its specificities in Brazil and Argentina. The intellectual materials, collective bodies and sectoral and public policies on this universe were studied. The public appearance of the notion of \"independent\" publishing is discussed, as well as the social and institutional position of the agents engaged in its definition, diffusion, adoption or rejection. The purpose was to understand which meanings this classification category assumes, to which ideological, aesthetic and political positions it refers in each case, and to which social conditions the differences and similarities among the cases studied can be attributed.

A digitalização e a popularização da internet podem fazer o livro impresso, que existe há mais de quinhentos anos, desaparecer em um futuro próximo. Diversos produtos pertencentes à mesma indústria de bens informativos, como a música, vêm atualmente sendo entregues pela indústria e consumidos de maneira bastante diferente de alguns anos atrás. Livros continuam sendo majoritariamente consumidos em seu formato impresso. Por quê? O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as diferenças de percepção sobre a adoção de livros didáticos eletrônicos entre professores universitários e profissionais da indústria editorial. A pesquisa utiliza o método survey e o instrumento desenvolvido por Moore e Benbasat (1991) sobre adoção de inovações. Foram pesquisadas as percepções de professores universitários e profissionais de editoras sobre a possível utilização de livros eletrônicos didáticos no lugar de impressos. As conclusões indicam que os professores estão mais preparados para a utilização de livros eletrônicos do que imaginam os profissionais de editoras. / The digitization and the spread of the internet may result in the extinction of the printed book, that has existed for more than 500 years. Many products that belongs to the same information industry, like thes the music, are currently being provided by the industry and consumed in radically different manners as compared to just few years ago. Books still have been consumed mainly in the printed format. Why is that? The main objective of this research is to identify the differences in perception about the adoption of electronic didactic books among university professors and publishing professionals. This research uses the Survey as its method and the instrument developed by Moore and Benbasat (1991) about the adoption of innovations. Professors´ and Publishing professionals´ perceptions were investigated in what it concerned the possible use of electronic didactic books replacing the printed. It is concluded that professors are more prepared to make use of electronic books than it is imagined by the publishing professionals.

Esta dissertação tem como objeto o livro digital. Ela apresenta um balanço cronológico da crítica especializada sobre o tema, analisa como o livro digital surgiu e foi abordado na imprensa a partir dos anos 1980, tomando como fonte principal o jornal Folha de São Paulo, e rediscute as questões e impasses observados nas últimas décadas, agora, a partir da visão de dez profissionais brasileiros do livro / This dissertation is centered on the digital book. It presents a chronological review of the specialized critique on the subject; analyzes how the e-book came about and has been reported in the press since the 1980s, taking as main source the newspaper Folha de São Paulo; and reassesses the issues and impasses related to the e-book over the last decades, from the vision of ten Brazilian book professionals

Esta dissertação tem por finalidade discutir o início da regulamentação da atividade literária no Brasil a partir dos contratos de Alencar e de outros romancistas com o editor Garnier, considerando o incipiente mercado editorial do século XIX. Além disso, valorizar os prólogos, como importantes no desenvolvimento de um debate acerca do romance nacional, com ênfase em Benção Paterna prefácio de Alencar ao romance Sonhos douro (1872), por meio do qual é possível perceber a consolidação desse gênero e o estatuto que o autor queria elevar o ofício de romancista. Por fim, apresentamos uma leitura do Projeto de Lei de Direitos Autorais, de 1875, de autoria de José de Alencar, formalizando uma busca do escritor pelo reconhecimento da atividade literária e afirmação da obra como propriedade passível de se auferir lucros, mas sem perder o seu valor estético. O objetivo, portanto, da nossa pesquisa é mostrar como o escritor militou a favor da profissionalização do escritor brasileiro, considerando o mercado editorial, os prólogos e o projeto de lei. / The following dissertation is regarding a discussion about how the regulation of some literature trade activities started in Brazil, after contracts made between novelists, included the principal romancer Alencar with the publisher Garnier. Also, taking as a mainly consideration to this research, the incipient publishing market back in 19th century. Moreover, it\'s important to make the prologues as values motivation to develop and persuade this discussion involving the national books of romance, emphasizing in a specific literary and important one called \"Bênção Paterna\" from Alencar, who wanted to bring up his consolidation with this genre and to statute of his romancer craft. Ultimately, to present a good view of The Copyright Law project written in 1875 by José de Alencar, which formalized his literary search for recognition and affirmation in the literature industry, deriving profits without losing its aesthetic values. Our research objective, it was to show how a writer militated his achieves in the last century, establishing a recognition to all Brazilian romancer authors as a profession in the publishing market, with the base of prologues and support of Law Bills.

A tese procura contribuir com a compreensão dos espaços de atuação da intelectualidade urbana paulista, em tempos de Estado Novo, por meio da análise da trajetória do Grupo da Baruel, grupo que ficou conhecido pela denominação de Baruel por se utilizar do ambiente de uma drogaria homônima como espaço de sociabilidade. Adicionalmente, analisa o periódico símbolo do Grupo da Baruel: Roteiro. / This research aims to contribute to the understanding of the performance spaces of São Paulo young urban intelligentsia, Estado Novo dictatorship times, by analyzing the trajectory of the Grupo da Baruel, which was known for Baruel denomination by using the environment of a namesake drugstore as social space. Additionally, produces an analytical study of Roteiro, the Group of Baruel\'s cultural journal

Com o advento e a popularização da internet - e especialmente das ferramentas de elaboração e compartilhamento de conteúdos -, os jornais impressos viram a verba publicitária destinada a eles encolher na última década e passaram a experimentar uma crise em seu modelo de negócios. A crise comercial-financeira, por sua vez, trouxe à tona uma segunda crise que já se desenrolava havia mais tempo: a crise de paradigmas do jornalismo praticado nos meios impressos na sociedade contemporânea. Esta tese se concentra justamente nesta crise, investigando, com o apoio de autores da comunicação social, do jornalismo, da sociologia, da economia e da história, como os editores de jornal impresso enxergam o seu papel e o papel desses veículos na atualidade, em um cenário marcado pela instantaneidade da informação. A bibliografia sobre o tema foi confrontada com as opiniões de 11 editores seniores dos principais jornais paulistanos, entrevistados nesta pesquisa, que explicitam em seus relatos angústia em relação ao cenário atual de incertezas na atividade e consciência de que há uma transformação de paradigmas em curso na área. / With the popularization of the Internet - and especially the tools of cooperation and content sharing - newspapers experienced a strong decrease in their revenues over the last decade and are now passing through a crisis in their business model. The commercial and financial crisis, in turn, brought to light a second crisis that was in place for a longer time: a crisis of paradigms in contemporary print journalism. This thesis focuses precisely on this crisis, investigating, with the support of authors of media, journalism, sociology, economics and history, how the editors of newspapers see their role and the role of these vehicles today, in a scenario marked by the instantaneity of information. The literature on the subject was confronted with the views of 11 senior editors of major newspapers from São Paulo, interviewed in this research, which show in their reports anguish over the present scenario of uncertainty and awareness that there is a transformation of paradigms in progress.