A dissertação aborda a difusão da literatura marxista no Brasil na década de 1940 no período de reorganização e legalidade do PCB (Partido Comunista Brasileiro), que tem início com a II Conferência Nacional do partido em agosto de 1943 (Conferência da Mantiqueira) e vai até a cassação dos parlamentares comunistas pelo governo Dutra em janeiro de 1948. Trata-te de entender essa difusão pela atuação do editor José Calvino Filho e da Editorial Calvino Limitada, ligada ao PCB. Para isso, são analisados os catálogos dessa editora, os anúncios da mesma, artigos do editor presentes nos periódicos da época, além dos livros editados por ele. Por essa análise pretende-se compreender o papel das edições do partido na sua reorganização e na conformação do movimento comunista brasileiro no período, levando em conta as obras de caráter marxista publicados por Calvino Filho nesses anos, a sua natureza (doutrinária, política, de organização partidária, literatura operária, análises sobre a Rússia socialista, memórias, etc.), o nível de produção da editora através do número de publicações, e a relação entre o tipo de obras publicadas e a linha política adotada pelo partido nesse momento. / The thesis addresses the diffusion of the Marxist literature in Brazil during the 1940s in the period of reorganisation and and legitimacy of the PCB (Communist Brazilian Party), which begins with the Second National Conference of the party in August 1943 (Mantiqueira Conference) and goes on until de repeal of the communist parliamentarians by the Dutra government in January 1948. It regards understanding this diffusion through the performance of the editor José Calvino Filho and the Editorial Calvino Limitada, connected to PCB. For that, the catalogues of the aforementioned publishing company and its advertising have been analysed, as well as articles by the editor printed in the newspapers of the time, and the books edited by him. Through this analysis it is intended to comprehend the role of the partys editions in its reorganisation and in the conformation of the Brazilian communist movement of the time, taking into account the works of Marxist features published by Calvino Filho in these years, their nature (doctrinaire, political, of party organisation, working literature, analysis over socialist Russia, memories, etc), the level of production of the publishing company through the number of publications, and the relationship between the type of published works and the political line adopted by the party in this moment.

Vincenzo Rabito (1899-1981), Sicilien jamais scolarisé, fut l’auteur de deux immenses tapuscrits autobiographiques qui présentent une extraordinaire traversée du XXe siècle italien vu par un membre des classes les plus défavorisées. Dans son écriture qui mêle le sicilien et l’italien, les mots, dont la graphie calque la prononciation, sont séparés par des signes de ponctuation, et les échos de la tradition orale se font sentir dans le propos fortement digressif qui entremêle la vie vécue et la vie imaginée. Notre thèse prend pour objet d’analyse le second tapuscrit en vue d’en proposer une traduction en français. Par le biais d’une réflexion qui a pour fil rouge le rapport à l’altérité linguistique, la recherche se déroule en trois étapes successives. Dans la première, à partir d’une mise en contexte de la vie de l’auteur, de sa langue et de son œuvre, on construit une réflexion sur la « littérature brute », les modalités de sa publication et de sa réception tant en Italie qu’en France, pays caractérisé par un rapport très normatif à la langue. La deuxième étape, tout entière dédiée au texte de Rabito, analyse la langue de l’auteur, ainsi que la structuration et les procédés stylistiques de sa narration. À partir d’une réflexion à propos des dichotomies à l’œuvre dans la pensée de la traduction, la dernière étape se fonde sur les notions d’hybridité et de déplacement pour construire la traduction de Rabito, entreprise subjective à la recherche d’un équilibre entre les spécificités du texte source et l’exigence de lisibilité imposée par la perspective d’une publication. Elle se termine avec une vingtaine de pages traduites extraites du tapuscrit étudié, envisagées comme préalable à une publication future. / Vincenzo Rabito (1899-1981), an unschooled Sicilian, wrote two immense autobiographical typescriptscovering his extraordinary journey through the 20th century in Italy as a member of the most underprivileged social classes. In his writing, which mixes Sicilian with Italian, words are graphically modelled on pronunciation and separated by punctuation marks. The text strongly echoes oral traditions as the discourse becomes digressive, intertwining life and fantasy. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the second typescript in the aim of translating it into French. Using the relation to linguistic otherness as the main thread, this research falls into three successive parts. The first one uses the life, language and work of the author in context and develop the idea of ‘Outside Literature’; it analyses the publication process and conditions of reception in Italy and in France as well, as the latter is characterised by its highly normative relation to language. The second part which is dedicated to Rabito’s text, analyses the language of the author, the narrative structure and stylistic devices. Questioning the dichotomies which are at work in translation theory, the last part develops the notion of hybridity and displacement to build the translation of Rabito’s text – a subjective project aiming at achieving a balance between the specificities of the original text and the demand for readability required by any prospect of publication. This thesis ends with the translation of twenty pages extracted from the typescript under scrutiny, as a prelude to its coming publication.

Esta pesquisa resgata a trajetória de um tipo de publicação muito popular no século XX em todo o mundo, cujo renascimento verifica-se atualmente no mercado editorial brasileiro: os clássicos da literatura universal em quadrinhos. Para isso, buscou-se conhecer o legado da Classics Illustrated (1941-1971), a mais emblemática série de clássicos em quadrinhos do século XX, com presença em 36 países e traduzida para 26 idiomas. Criada por Albert Kanter (1897-1973), imigrante russo radicado nos Estados Unidos, a série espalhou-se por grande parte do Ocidente e influenciou o mercado editorial brasileiro a partir da segunda metade do século XX, quando foi trazida para o País pelo também imigrante russo Adolfo Aizen (1907-1991), com o nome de Edição Maravilhosa (1948-1962). Este trabalho explora a adaptação de obras literárias para quadrinhos com base na autonomia de cada uma das linguagens, identificando sua função nas operações da memória cultural e também os principais editores que compartilharam essa prática cultural no Brasil, a partir de reflexões relacionadas às adaptações como processo e como produto. / This research measures the trajectory of a very popular editorial device in the twentieth century in the world, which revival is now verified in the Brazilian publishing market: the classics of world literature in comic book format. For this, it intended to rescue the legacy of Classics Illustrated (1941-1971), the most emblematic series of classic in comics in the Twentieth century, with presence in 36 countries and 26 languages. Created by Albert Kanter (1897-1973), Russian immigrant living in the United States, the series spread over much of the Western world and influenced the Brazilian publishing market from the second half of the twentieth century when it was brought to the country by also Russian immigrant Adolfo Aizen (1907-1991), with the name of Edição Maravilhosa (1948-1962). This research explores the definitions of classics in comics from the autonomy of each language, identifies their role in the cultural memory operations, the main publishers who shared this cultural practice in Brazil and raises reflections related to adaptation as a process and as a product.

Os livros digitais estão trazendo mudanças ao mercado editorial, ao circuito do livro e à edição em si. Novos protagonistas entram em cena e o editor de livros, que ganhou destaque a partir do século XIX, vê sua função desafiada. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o papel do editor de livros. Para isso, apresenta o conceito de livro ao longo da história e a sua função na sociedade. Procura demarcar os contornos do livro de história e fornece uma dimensão geral do mercado de livros no Brasil e no mundo. O trabalho de campo consiste em entrevistas não diretivas com 12 profissionais do livro brasileiros e estrangeiros. As conclusões indicam que estamos vivendo na era do incunábulo digital, em que há alguns experimentos, mas ainda pouca certeza de como será o livro do futuro / Digital books are bringing changes to the publishing marketplace, to the book circuit and to publishing itself. New leading actors are entering the scene, and the publisher, who became preeminent as of the 19th century, faces a challenge to his role. The objective of this research is to study the book publisher\'s role. To this end, it presents the conception of a book along history and its role in society. It makes an attempt to define the contours of the History book and provides a general dimension of the book market in Brazil and in the world. The field work consists of non-oriented interviews with 12 Brazilian and foreign book professionals. The conclusions show that we are currently living in the era of the digital incunables, in which there are some experiments but little certainty as to how the book of the future will be.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a atuação das editoras de livros de caráter político em Portugal entre 1968 e 1980, a fim de verificar o papel político, cultural e ideológico que desempenharam no processo de transformações pelo qual passou o país nesse período. Para isso, busquei: a) identificar as editoras que realizaram essas publicações e examinar as vinculações políticas que tinham; b) realizar o recenseamento das obras de caráter político publicadas no período em estudo; c) identificar as pessoas e organizações responsáveis por essas editoras e publicações. A partir dos dados levantados procuro entender como atuavam estes editores, quais suas motivações políticas, ideológicas e empresariais, como organizavam as editoras do ponto de vista intelectual e comercial, e qual o peso das vinculações políticas na vida das editoras. Em termos cronológicos, o período em foco começa em 1968, com o afastamento por motivos de saúde de Salazar do poder e sua substituição por Marcelo Caetano, e vai até 1980, com a formação do primeiro governo de direita após o fim da ditadura em 25 de abril de 1974. Uma síntese do trabalho mostra que existiram pelo menos 137 editoras que publicaram livros de caráter político em Portugal entre 1968 e 1980, tendo editado cerca de 4.600 títulos políticos no período. Este trabalho apresenta estudos sintéticos sobre 106 destas editoras. Minha tese é que estas editoras conformaram o que podemos chamar de edição política no país. Ao realizar um trabalho editorial que vinculava de modo direto engajamento político e ação editorial, estas editoras e seus editores atuaram com clara intenção política de intervenção social, tornando-se sujeitos ativos no processo político português no período final da ditadura e nos primeiros anos de liberdade política. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze the political publishing houses actions in Portugal between 1968 and 1980. Our particular focus is the political, cultural and ideological role of these publishing houses in the process of profound changes that Portugal went through that period. In order to achieve these goals, I have sought: a) to identify the main publishing houses and their political connections; b) to make a census of the political oeuvres published in that period; c) to identify people and organization that were in charge of the publishing houses. Taking in consideration the sources and data collected, I examine how these publishers acted, and which were their political, ideological and business motivations. I also analyze how they organize the publishing houses from a intellectual and commercial perspective, as well as how was the weight of the political connections in the everyday life of the publishing houses. Chronologically, my investigation starts in 1968, when the Dictator Salazar, due health reasons, was replaced by Marcelo Caetano. The final date of my research is 1980, when a first rightwing government is formed after the end of the dictatorship in April 25, 1974. In short, my thesis demonstrates that at least 137 publishing houses edited books with clear political features in Portugal between 1968 and 1980. In this period 4,600 different political titles were published. This thesis presents synthetic studies about 106 publishing of these. My argument is that those publishing houses conformed what we can call political publishing era in Portugal. By realizing an editorial work that directly combined political activism and editorial action, theses publishing houses and their publishers acted with a clear political intention of social intervention. In this sense they become important and active social actors in the Portuguese political process in the final period of the dictatorship and beginning of the democratization years.

Esta dissertação tem por finalidade discutir o início da regulamentação da atividade literária no Brasil a partir dos contratos de Alencar e de outros romancistas com o editor Garnier, considerando o incipiente mercado editorial do século XIX. Além disso, valorizar os prólogos, como importantes no desenvolvimento de um debate acerca do romance nacional, com ênfase em Benção Paterna prefácio de Alencar ao romance Sonhos douro (1872), por meio do qual é possível perceber a consolidação desse gênero e o estatuto que o autor queria elevar o ofício de romancista. Por fim, apresentamos uma leitura do Projeto de Lei de Direitos Autorais, de 1875, de autoria de José de Alencar, formalizando uma busca do escritor pelo reconhecimento da atividade literária e afirmação da obra como propriedade passível de se auferir lucros, mas sem perder o seu valor estético. O objetivo, portanto, da nossa pesquisa é mostrar como o escritor militou a favor da profissionalização do escritor brasileiro, considerando o mercado editorial, os prólogos e o projeto de lei. / The following dissertation is regarding a discussion about how the regulation of some literature trade activities started in Brazil, after contracts made between novelists, included the principal romancer Alencar with the publisher Garnier. Also, taking as a mainly consideration to this research, the incipient publishing market back in 19th century. Moreover, it\'s important to make the prologues as values motivation to develop and persuade this discussion involving the national books of romance, emphasizing in a specific literary and important one called \"Bênção Paterna\" from Alencar, who wanted to bring up his consolidation with this genre and to statute of his romancer craft. Ultimately, to present a good view of The Copyright Law project written in 1875 by José de Alencar, which formalized his literary search for recognition and affirmation in the literature industry, deriving profits without losing its aesthetic values. Our research objective, it was to show how a writer militated his achieves in the last century, establishing a recognition to all Brazilian romancer authors as a profession in the publishing market, with the base of prologues and support of Law Bills.

Tomando as revistas como a Tatuí e a Número, analisa-se aqui as relações presentes nas suas produções de crítica de arte circuladas por meio de publicações auto-organizadas. Colocam-se questões sobre a atuação na prática de escrita de crítica de arte e seu possível caráter experimental nos anos 2000. Considera-se um contexto de crescimento da profissionalização e suas implicações nas práticas teóricas em diálogo com as práticas do trabalho de arte. Procuramos investigar também, nesse processo da difusão de discussão crítica, o pensamento sobre os circuitos e as instituições como possíveis locais ambivalentes de tensão e de amplificação. As estratégias de tais publicações observam a criação de seus espaços de interlocução possíveis, considerando tal contexto muitas vezes caracterizado como o de crise da potencialidade de contribuição da crítica. / Taking the Tatuí and Número magazines, we analise here the relations on the production of art criticism on circulation via selforganised publications. Posing questions on the practice of art writing and its possible experimental character on the 2000’s. Considering a rising profissionalization context and its implications on theoretical practices dialoging with art work practices. We also seek to investigate, on this process of profused critic discussion, the thinking of circuits and the institutions as ambivalent places of tension and amplification. The publication estrategies observe the creation of their possible interlocution spaces, conidering such context as one often characterized as the of crisis on the potencial critical contribution.

This study examines the scholarly communication activities in two scientific fields, chemistry and economics, in a Polish context. The dissertation aims at investigating what characterises the publishing choices of researchers and what supplementary forms for the dissemination of research output are used by scholars. In addition, the paper is looking into what are the views and awareness of open access and institutional repositories within this scientific community. This thesis gives the results of semi-structured interviews and an online survey at two academic faculties at a Polish technical university. As its theoretical framework, the study uses Whitley’s theory of the intellectual and social organisation of academic fields and Latour and Woolgar’s study regarding various motivations for publishing. The study found that there are some similarities between the two investigated disciplines, especially in the context of extra-disciplinary factors that have impact on scholars’ publishing choices. The study also revealed that the general awareness of open access is rather good among the participating academics, however the number of open access publications is not very high. In addition, the findings suggest that there were some misunderstanding about the definitions and functions of institutional repositories among scholars. / Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster

This thesis explores new forms of scholarly communication and the practice of open science among UK based academics. Open science broadly refers to practices that allow cost-free open access to academic research. Three aspects of open science are examined in this study: open access to research articles; open access to research data; and publishing ongoing research updates using social media. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a series of scoping studies using qualitative methods followed up by an Internet survey of 1,829 UK academics. Overall this thesis has shown that whilst there is support for open science, the use of open science by academics was limited. Many academics were not aware of RCUK's open access policy and had limited experience of making their research articles freely accessible online. Most academics did not share their primary research data online. Although some academics had used a range of social media tools to communicate their research, the majority had not used social media in their research work. Overall, male, older and senior academics were more likely to use open access publishing and share primary research data, but were less likely to use social media for research. Academics based in Medical and Natural Sciences were more likely to use open access publishing and share research data, but less likely to use social media for their research compared to academics from Humanities and Social Sciences. Academics who were aware of RCUK's open access policy and who recognised the citation advantages of open access were more likely to publish in open access journals. Academics that were aware of RCUK's open access policy and had used social media for research were more likely to self-archive research articles. Academics that had used secondary data collected by others and self-archived research papers were more likely to share their own primary research data. Academics seemed to be strongly influenced by their colleagues' recommendation for the adoption of social media in research. Those who considered that the general public should know about their research findings were more likely to share their research on social media. A group of academics were identified and described as super users who frequently communicated ongoing research on social media. These super users were more likely to use tablet computers and have received social media training organised by their institutions. It is clear that open science is going to be a major factor in future academic work and in relation to building an academic career. Many academics have recognised the importance of open science. However to date the use of the tools for open science has been limited. With the right guidance and reinforcement of relevant policies, the new forms of scholarly communication can provide a pathway to open science which would serve to benefit individual academics, research communities and the public good.

This research investigates the complexities of artistic authorship under the production conditions of the web. It is driven by a fascination with the possibilities of expanding the authorial sphere of the artwork to include the productive capacities of other subjectivities, entities and processes. I offer the neologism ‘extra-subjectivity’ to reflect on this emerging form of production, in which the ultimate manifestation of the artwork often exceeds the author’s intentions. As well as the written thesis, it comprises seven artworks that represent a distinctive approach characterized by playfulness, humour and the use of generative computational processes. Several early works explore my authorial agency in relation to algorithmically generated variations of texts, including William Blake’s poem The Fly and the song Puff the Magic Dragon. Later, algorithmic generation is combined with the appropriation of content shared on social media, as in Infinite Violets, which displays variations of a Shakespearean verse along with images from Flickr. I draw on digital sociological methods to create a hybrid approach in which the web is understood as an evolving medium made up of digital objects and devices that can be repurposed for art practice. This approach underpins 'Flickr Nude or Noodle Descending a Staircase', which uses images programmatically accessed through Flickr’s application programming interface to remake a Marcel Duchamp painting for the web. 'Selfie Portrait' displays Instagram photographs tagged with ‘Selfie’ alongside users’ biographical information, which drives the ‘Copyright Episode’, an extended account of the legal contexts surrounding web-based art practices. Here, I demonstrate how such practices are entangled socially, ethically and legally with the distinct production conditions of the web. I argue that authorship is a question of responsibility as well as ‘ownership’, which is why ethics are as important as the law.