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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Développement de dispositifs à base de dioxyde de vanadium VO ₂ et de méta-surfaces dans le moyen infrarouge : applications passives et intégration sur des lasers à cascade quantique / Development of vanadium dioxide VO ₂ and meta-surfaces based devices in the mid-infrared : passive applications and integration on quantum cascade lasers

Boulley, Laurent 05 July 2019 (has links)
Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce manuscrit traite du développement de dispositifs à base de dioxyde de vanadium VO₂ et de méta-surfaces dans le moyen infrarouge pour des applications passives et une intégration sur des lasers à cascade quantique (QCL). Ce travail a permis l'élaboration de nouvelles conditions de dépôt du matériau à changement de phase VO₂ par ablation laser pulsé à des températures compatibles avec les hétérostructures de III-V utilisées en optoélectronique. Les caractérisations des couches minces déposées montrent un changement de la réflectivité et de la conductivité électrique entre l'état isolant à basse température et l'état métallique à haute température autour de 68°C (341 K). Des développements ont ensuite été menés sur l'emploi d'un réseau de méta-surfaces permettant d'obtenir une couche homogène d'indice de réfraction effectif résonnant. Ces méta-surfaces sont constituées de résonateurs à anneau fendu dont la fréquence de résonance peut être ajustée par le choix de leurs paramètres géométriques et des matériaux les constituant. Une modulation optique de plus de 100cm-1 du pic de la résonance a été obtenue lors de la transition de phase avec des méta-surfaces déposées sur un film de VO₂. Ce résultat est très prometteur pour la conception de dispositifs monolithiques, robustes, compacts, accordables en fréquence et dont les propriétés optiques ne dépendent que de la température de la couche de VO₂.Enfin, ce travail étudie la fonctionnalisation des QCL dans le moyen infrarouge (7-8 µm) par des couches de VO₂ et de méta-surfaces. Il vise à comprendre l’influence des couches intégrées sur les propriétés d’émission. Afin de garantir une bonne interaction entre ces couches et le mode guidé du laser tout en ayant des pertes optiques faibles, des nouveaux guides d'onde ont été modélisés, puis les premiers QCL à base de VO₂ ont été démontrés et une température maximale de fonctionnement de 334 K a été mesurée. / The thesis work presented in this manuscript deals with the development of vanadium dioxide VO₂ and meta-surfaces based devices in the mid-infrared for passive applications and an integration on quantum cascade lasers (QCL).This work enabled the elaboration of new deposition conditions for the VO₂ phase change material by pulsed laser ablation at temperatures compatible with III-V heterostructures used in optoelectronics. The characterizations of the VO₂ coated thin films show a change in reflectivity and in electric conductivity between the insulating state at low temperature and the metallic state at high temperature around 68°C (341 K).Developments were then carried out on the use of a meta-surfaces array in order to obtain an homogeneous layer of resonant effective refractive index. These meta-surfaces are constituted by split-ring resonators, whose resonance frequency can be adjusted by choosing their geometric parameters and the materials they are made of. An optical modulation of more than 100cm-1 of the resonance peak has been obtained during the phase transition with meta-surfaces deposited on a VO₂ layer. This result is very promising for the conception of monolithic, robust, compact, frequency tunable devices and whose optical properties only depend on the VO₂ layer temperature.Finally, this work studies the functionalization of mid-infrared QCL (7-8 µm) with VO₂ and meta-surfaces layers. It aims at understanding the influence of the integrated layers on the emission properties. In order to ensure a good interaction between these layers and the laser guided mode while having low optical losses, new waveguides were modeled, then the first VO₂ based QCL have been demonstrated and a maximum operating temperature of 334 K has been measured.
242

Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Silicon-Doped Beta-Gallium Oxide Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Bowers, Cynthia Thomason January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
243

Experimental study of double-pulse laser micro sintering, ultrasound-assisted water-confined laser micromachining and laser-induced plasma

Weidong Liu (15360391) 29 April 2023 (has links)
<p>This dissertation presents research work related to laser micro sintering, laser micro machining and laser-induced plasma. Firstly, we present extensive experimental studies of double-pulse laser micro sintering (DP-LMS), which typically utilizes the high pressure generated by laser-induced plasma over the powder bed surface to promote molten flow and enhance densification. Chapter 2 shows a single-track experimental study of the DP-LMS process using cobalt powder. The related fundamental mechanisms and effects of different laser parameters on the sintering results are analyzed with the help of <em>in-situ</em> time-resolved temperature measurements. Chapter 3 shows a multi-track experimental study of the DP-LMS process using iron powder. The sintered materials are characterized via the top surface porosity, elemental composition, grain microstructure, nanohardness and metal phase. Three strategic guidelines for laser parameter selection are summarized in the end. Chapter 4 shows time-resolved imaging and OES measurements for plasma induced during DP-LMS. The plasma temperature and free electron number density are deduced by its optical emission spectra (OES). These three chapters have clearly demonstrated DP-LMS can produce much more continuous and densified materials than LMS only using the sintering or pressing laser pulses.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Then, we present laser micro grooving of silicon carbide (SiC) in Chapter 5 by ultrasound-assisted water-confined laser micromachining (UWLM), in comparison with laser machining in water without ultrasound and laser machining in air. UWLM applies <em>in-situ</em> ultrasound to the water-immersed workpiece surface to improve the machining quality and/or productivity. Time-resolved water pressure measurements are carried out to help analyze relevant mechanisms. It has been demonstrated UWLM can be a competitive approach to produce high-quality micro grooves on SiC. The crack problem appears to be effectively solved using a high pulse repetition rate.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Finally, we report a double-front phenomenon for plasma induced by high-intensity nanosecond laser ablation of aluminum in Chapter 6. An additional plasma front is observed via an intensified CCD (ICCD) camera, which propagates very fast at the beginning but stops propagating soon after the laser pulse mostly ends. Its formation could be caused by the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of laser energy by the ionized ambient gas. Three possible mechanisms on how the ambient gas breakdown is initiated are proposed. </p>
244

DETERMINING STRUCTURE AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF OXIDEHETEROSTRUCTURES THROUGH DEPOSITION AND DATA SCIENCE: TOWARDS SINGLE CRYSTAL BATTERIES

Fraser, Kimberly 27 January 2023 (has links)
No description available.
245

MORPHOLOGY TUNING OF OXIDE-METAL VERTICALLY ALIGNED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR HYBRID METAMATERIALS

Juanjuan Lu (17658789) 19 December 2023 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Metamaterials are artificially engineered nanoscale systems with a three-dimensional repetitive arrangement of certain components, and present exceptional optical properties for applications in nanophotonics, solar cells, plasmonic devices, and more. Self-assembled oxide-metal vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs), with metallic phase as nanopillars embedded in the matrix oxide, have been recently proposed as a promising candidate for metamaterial applications. However, precise microstructural control and the structure-property relationships in VANs are still in high demand. Thus, by employing multiple approaches for structural design, this dissertation attempts to investigate the mechanisms of nanostructure evolutions and the corresponding optical responses.</p><p dir="ltr">In this dissertation, the precise control over the nanostructures has been demonstrated through morphology tuning, nanopillar orderings, and strain engineering. Firstly, Au, a well-known plasmonic mediator, has been selected as the metallic phase that forms nanopillars. Based on the previously proposed strain compensation model which describes the basic formation mechanism of VAN morphology, two oxides were then considered: La<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3 </sub>(LSMO) and CeO<sub>2</sub>. In the first two chapters of this dissertation, LSMO was considered due to its similar lattice (a<sub>LSMO </sub>= 3.87 Å, a<sub>Au </sub>= 4.08 Å) and its enormous potential in nanoelectronics and spintronics. Deposited on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (001) substrate through pulsed laser deposition (PLD), LSMO-Au nanocomposites exhibit ideal VAN morphology as well as promising hyperbolic dispersions in response to the incident illuminations. By substrate surface treatment of annealing at 1000°C, and variation of STO substate orientations from (001), to (111) and (110), the improved and tunable in-plan orderings of Au nanopillars have been successfully achieved. In the third chapter, a new oxide-metal VAN system of <a href="" target="_blank">CeO<sub>2</sub></a>-Au (a<sub>CeO2 </sub>= 5.411 Å, and a<sub> CeO2</sub>/= 3.83 Å) has been deposited. The intriguing 45° rotated in-plan epitaxy presents an unexpected update to the strain compensation model, and tuning of Au morphology from nanopillars, nanoantennas, to nanoparticles also shows an effective modulation of the LSPR responses. COMSOL simulations have been exploited to reveal the relationships between Au morphologies and optical responses. In the last chapter, the two VAN systems of LSMO-Au and CeO<sub>2</sub>-Au have been combined to form a complex layered VAN thin film. Investigations into the strain states, the nature of complex interfaces, and the according hybrid properties, show dramatic possibilities for further strain engineering. In summary, this dissertation has provided multiple routes for highly tailorable oxide-metal nanocomposite designs. And the two proposed material systems present great potential in optical metamaterial applications including biosensors, photovoltaics, super lenses, and more.</p>
246

Electro-Optic Range Signatures of Canonical Targets Using Direct Detection LIDAR

Ruff, Edward Clark, III 29 May 2018 (has links)
No description available.
247

Connectivity, Doping, and Anisotropy in Highly Dense Magnesium Diboride (MgB2)

Li, Guangze 16 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
248

Schottky-Kontakte auf Zinkoxid- und β-Galliumoxid-Dünnfilmen: Barrierenformation, elektrische Eigenschaften und Temperaturstabilität

Müller, Stefan 06 July 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Untersuchung von Schottky-Kontakten auf halbleitenden Zinkoxid- und β-Galliumoxid-Dünnfilmen. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die verwendeten Materialsysteme und die Theorie von Schottky-Kontakten werden die Eigenschaften von verschiedenartig hergestellten Schottky-Kontakten auf Zinkoxid aufgezeigt. Dazu werden typischerweise Strom-Spannungs- und Kapazitäts-Spannungs-Messungen genutzt. Für die Zinkoxid-basierten Schottky-Kontakte konnte anhand verschiedenartig hergestellter Schottky-Kontakte gezeigt werden, dass deren Barrierenformation maßgeblich von Sauerstoffvakanzen nahe der Metall-Halbleiter-Grenzfläche beeinflusst wird. Zur Realisierung von Galliumoxid-basierten Schottky-Kontakten wurden zunächst die Eigenschaften von undotierten und Silizium-dotierten Galliumoxid-Dünnfilmen untersucht. Diese Dünnfilme sind mittels gepulster Laserabscheidung auf c-plane Saphir hergestellt. Als Prozessparameter sind in dieser Arbeit die Wachstumstemperatur, der Sauerstoffpartialdruck in der Kammer und der Silizumgehalt bspw. in Bezug auf Leitfähigkeit, Oberflächenmorphologie oder Kristallinität zur Realisierung von Schottky-Kontakten optimiert. Auf diesen Dünnfilmen wurden mit verschiedenen Herstellungsverfahren, wie thermischer Verdampfung, (reaktiver) Kathodenzerstäubung oder (reaktiver) Distanz-Kathodenzerstäubung, Metall- bzw. Metalloxid-Schottky-Kontakte aufgebracht. Dabei werden unter anderem die elektrischen Eigenschaften direkt nach der Herstellung und deren Entwicklung im weiteren zeitlichen Verlauf untersucht. Des Weiteren werden die Temperaturstabilität oder aber die Spannungsstabilität der Schottky-Kontakte studiert. Ein Vergleich zu Schottky-Kontakten auf β-Galliumoxid-Volumenmaterial wird anhand mittels reaktiver Distanz-Kathodenzerstäubung hergestellter Platinoxid-Dioden durchgeführt.
249

Coherent transfer between electron and nuclear spin qubits and their decoherence properties

Brown, Richard Matthew January 2012 (has links)
Conventional computing faces a huge technical challenge as traditional transistors will soon reach their size limitations. This will halt progress in reaching faster processing speeds and to overcome this problem, require an entirely new approach. Quantum computing (QC) is a natural solution offering a route to miniaturisation by, for example, storing information in electron or nuclear spin states, whilst harnessing the power of quantum physics to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than its classical counterpart. However, QCs face many difficulties, such as, protecting the quantum-bit (qubit) from the environment and its irreversible loss through the process of decoherence. Hybrid systems provide a route to harnessing the benefits of multiple degrees of freedom through the coherent transfer of quantum information between them. In this thesis I show coherent qubit transfer between electron and nuclear spin states in a <sup>15</sup>N@C<sub>60</sub> molecular system (comprising a nitrogen atom encapsulated in a carbon cage) and a solid state system, using phosphorous donors in silicon (Si:P). The propagation uses a series of resonant mi- crowave and radiofrequency pulses and is shown with a two-way fidelity of around 90% for an arbitrary qubit state. The transfer allows quantum information to be held in the nuclear spin for up to 3 orders of magnitude longer than in the electron spin, producing a <sup>15</sup>N@C<sub>60</sub> and Si:P ‘quantum memory’ of up to 130 ms and 1.75 s, respectively. I show electron and nuclear spin relaxation (T<sub>1</sub>), in both systems, is dominated by a two-phonon process resonant with an excited state, with a constant electron/nuclear T<sub>1</sub> ratio. The thesis further investigates the decoherence and relaxation properties of metal atoms encapsulated in a carbon cage, termed metallofullerenes, discovering that exceptionally long electron spin decoherence times are possible, such that these can be considered a viable QC candidate.
250

Intégration d'un film mince de Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ dans une structure capacitive pour applications RF / Integration of Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ thin film in a capacitive structure for RF applications

Jégou, Carole 14 November 2014 (has links)
Les matériaux ferroélectriques suscitent beaucoup d’intérêt du fait de leurs propriétés physiques telles que la piézoélectricité, la ferroélectricité ou encore leur permittivité élevée. Ainsi, on cherche à les intégrer dans les micro- et nano-systèmes dans lesquels on les retrouve généralement sous forme de couche mince dans une configuration de type capacité plane. En particulier, l’oxyde de plomb, titane et zirconium (PZT) est un matériau très attractif pour les applications RF capacitives du fait de sa grande permittivité. Son intégration sur des électrodes métalliques, i.e. les lignes coplanaires constituant le guide d’onde, implique de maîtriser sa croissance en film mince. L’application d’une tension dans un dispositif RF actif impose également de contrôler les propriétés électriques : nature des courants de fuite et comportement ferroélectrique du PZT. Dans ce contexte, les couches minces de PZT sont déposées par ablation laser (PLD) sur un empilement La₀.₆₇Sr₀.₃₃MnO₃ (LSMO) / Pt (111) déposé sur un substrat monocristallin de saphir. La couche d’accroche conductrice LSMO est nécessaire afin d’éviter la formation d’une phase pyrochlore paraélectrique. Le contrôle de l’orientation cristalline de la couche de LSMO permet de contrôler la texturation de la couche de PZT. Les courants de fuite au travers de l’empilement Pt/PZT/LSMO/Pt ont ensuite été étudiés dans l’intervalle de température 220-330K de façon à déterminer les mécanismes de conduction. Une transition a été mise en évidence entre, autour de la température ambiante, un mécanisme contrôlé par la diffusion des charges en volume et, à basse température, un mécanisme contrôlé par l’injection des charges aux interfaces électrode/PZT. Un mécanisme par sauts a été identifié au-dessus de 280K en cohérence avec la présence de défauts étendus et la structure colonnaire du PZT. Afin de contrôler ces courants de fuite, différentes stratégies ont été utilisées. La première consiste à insérer une couche d’oxyde isolante à l’interface supérieure Pt/PZT modifiant ainsi l’injection des charges et permettant de réduire les courants de fuite. La seconde stratégie consiste, quant à elle, à modifier la structure de la couche de PZT en volume en élaborant des composites diélectrique/PZT multicouches ou colonnaires. Ainsi, une couche d’oxyde isolante a été insérée au milieu de la couche de PZT et a permis de réduire les courants de fuite. Le contrôle de la nucléation du PZT a également permis par nanofabrication d’élaborer un composite colonnaire pérovskite PZT/pyrochlore. La densité de piliers de pyrochlore dans la phase ferroélectrique permet de moduler la densité de courant dans la structure. Le PZT et les hétérostructures permettant de réduire les courants de fuite ont ensuite été intégrés dans une structure RF capacitive avec des lignes coplanaires d’or. Les performances RF en termes d’isolation et de pertes par insertion ainsi que la compatibilité de ces différents matériaux ont été étudiées et ont montré que les solutions développées dans le cadre du contrôle des courants de fuite sont prometteuses pour être intégrées dans les dispositifs RF capacitifs. En outre, on a cherché à extraire la permittivité à haute fréquence du PZT lorsque celui-ci est inséré dans une structure capacitive. Cette étude a notamment permis de mettre en évidence les points techniques à modifier concernant la structure du dispositif afin de parvenir à exploiter les propriétés physiques du PZT à haute fréquence. / Ferroelectric materials are raising a lot of interest due to their physical properties such as piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity or high dielectric constant. Thus, they are generally integrated in micro- and nano-systems as thin films in a capacitive configuration. Especially, the lead zirconate titanate oxide (PZT) is an attractive material for capacitive RF applications due to its high dielectric constant. The growth of the PZT thin film has to be controlled on metallic electrodes for its integration on coplanar transmission lines. Moreover, electrical properties such as leakage current and ferroelectric behavior of PZT have to be monitored upon application of a dc voltage bias for RF device operation. In this context, PZT thin films were grown by the pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) on a La₀.₆₇Sr₀.₃₃MnO₃ (LSMO) / Pt (111) electrode on a monocrystalline sapphire substrate. The LSMO buffer layer is mandatory to avoid the formation of the paraelectric pyrochlore phase. The control of the crystalline orientation of the LSMO layer allows for the control of the PZT layer texture. Leakage currents through the Pt/PZT/LSMO/Pt stack were then studied in the 220-330K temperature range to determine the conduction mechanisms. A transition is evidenced between a bulk-controlled mechanism near room temperature and an interface-controlled mechanism at low temperature. A hopping mechanism is identified above 280K in line with the presence of extended defects and the columnar structure of the PZT layer. Several strategies were tested to control leakage currents. The first one consists in inserting an insulating oxide layer at the top Pt/PZT interface. In this way, charge injection was modified and leakage currents were reduced. The second strategy consists in changing the PZT layer bulk structure by elaborating a layered or columnar dielectric/PZT composite. Thus, an insulating oxide layer was inserted in the middle of the PZT layer and permitted to reduce leakage currents. Moreover, the control of the PZT nucleation allowed for the elaboration of a columnar PZT/pyrochlore composite. The leakage currents in this composite can be tuned through the pyrochlore pillars density among the ferroelectric matrix. Then, PZT and the heterostructures for leakage current control were integrated in a capacitive RF structure with gold coplanar transmission lines. RF performances in terms of isolation and insertion loss of these materials were studied and gave good results. In particular the heterostructures developed to control the leakage currents are promising for their integration in capacitive RF devices. Besides, I tried to extract the permittivity of PZT at high frequency with the PZT layer in a capacitive configuration. This study highlighted the essential modifications of the capacitive structure that have to be made in order to be able to exploit PZT properties at high frequency.

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