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No description available.

Order-by-disorder is the phenomenon of the selection of a long-ranged ordered state by fluctuations in a many-body system. This mechanism, at first sight, seems paradoxical, since fluctuations (disorder) intuitively tend to suppress the order. However, when ObD happens, disorder works in favour of a particular ordered phase. Order-by-disorder can happen where an accidental degeneracy occurs in classical or mean field treatment of a system. These degeneracies, which are not due to exact symmetries of the system, can then be lifted by quantum or thermal fluctuations. The ObD phenomenon is ubiquitous in condensed matter systems with competing or frustrated interactions. Traditionally, the ObD is studied at $T = 0^+$ where the ground state of the system can be selected by quantum fluctuations. The study of ObD at temperature regimes near criticality, $T \lesssim Tc$ where transition happens from the paramagnetic phase to an ordered phase, however, have not received as much attention. In this thesis, we study the ObD phenomenon in three dimensional frustrated sys- tems close to criticality. We consider 3-component classical Heisenberg spins on pyrochlore lattice and FCC lattice. In the former, the spins interact via a Hamiltonian that can include the most general nearest-neighbour symmetry allowed bilinear interactions, long- range magnetostatic dipole-dipole interaction and second and/or third nearest-neighbour exchange interactions. However, in the latter, the Hamiltonian only consists of long-range magnetostatic dipole-dipole interactions. These two systems, correspond to insulating rare- earth pyrochlore oxides and rare-earth FCC salts. The mean field treatment shows, that accidental $O(4)$ and $U(1)$ symmetries emerge in two different regions of the parameter space of the Hamiltonian of pyrochlore system. While in the FCC system, an accidental $O(3)$ symmetry emerges at the mean field level. We show that fluctuations break these symmetries by respectively introducing cubic (in 4-vector and 3-vector models) and hexag- onal anisotropies to the free-energy of the system. To study these system beyond mean field approximation, we use Monte Carlo simulations, spin wave theory and we develop the E-TAP method which is an extended version of the method originally proposed by Thouless, Anderson and Palmer to study fluctuations in spin glasses.

No description available.

This thesis presents experimental and related theoretical studies of pyrochlore titanate oxides, boron nitride nanotubes, and multiferroic bismuth ferrite. We have investigated these systems at high pressures and at low temperatures using Raman spectroscopy. Below, we furnish a synoptic presentation of our work on these three systems. In Chapter 1, we introduce the systems studied in this thesis, viz. pyrochlores, boron nitride nanotubes, and multiferroic BiFeO3, with a review of the literature pertaining to their structural, electronic, vibrational, and mechanical properties. We also bring out our interests in these systems. Chapter 2 includes a brief description of the theory of Raman scattering and infrared absorption. This is followed by a short account of the experimental setups used for Raman and infrared measurements. We also present the technical details of high pressure technique including the alignment of diamond anvil cells, gasket preparation, calibration of the pressure, etc. Chapter 3 furnishes the results of our pressure-and temperature-dependent studies of pyrochlore oxides which has been divided into eight different parts. In recent years, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of pyrochlores have received a lot of attention. However, not much work has been reported to address the quasiparticle excitations, e.g., phonons and crystal-field excitations in these materials. A material that shows exotic magnetic behavior and high degree of degenerate ground states can be expected to have low-lying excitations with possible couplings with phonons, thereby, finger-printing various novel properties of the system. Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies can, therefore, be used to comprehend the novel role of phonons and their role in various phenomena of frustrated magnetic pyrochlores. Recently, there have been reports on various novel properties of these systems; for example, Raman and absorption studies [Phys. Rev. B 77, 214310 (2008)] have revealed a loss of inversion symmetry in Tb2Ti2O7 at low temperatures which has been suggested as the key reason for this frustrated magnet to remain in spin-liquid state down to 70 mK. Powder neutron-diffraction experiments [Nature 420, 54 (2002)] have shown that an application of isostatic pressure of about 8.6 GPa in spin-liquid Tb2Ti2O7 induces a long-range magnetic order of the Tb3+ spins coexisting with the spin-liquid phase ascribing this transition to the breakdown of the delicate balance among the various fundamental interactions. Moreover, Raman and x-ray studies have shown that Tb2Ti2O7,Sm2Ti2O7,and Gd2Ti2O7 undergo a structural transition followed by an irreversible amorphization at very high pressures (~ 40 GPa or above) [Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 031903 (2006)]. In this chapter, therefore, we present our temperature-and pressure-dependent Raman studies of A2Ti2O7 pyrochlores, where ‘A’ is a trivalent rare-earth element (A = Sm, Gd,Tb, Dy,Ho, Er,Yb, and Lu; and also Y). Since all the group theoretically predicted Raman modes of this cubic lattice are due to oxygen vibrations only, in Part (A), we revisit the phonon assignments of pyrochlore titanates by performing Raman measurements on the O16 /O18 − isotope based Dy2Ti2O7 and Lu2Ti2O7 and find that the vibrations with frequencies below 250 cm−1 do not involve oxygen atoms. Our results lead to a reassignment of the pyrochlore Raman phonons thus proposing that the mode with frequency ~ 200 cm−1, which has earlier been known as an F2g phonon due to oxygen vibration, is a vibration of Ti4+ ions. Moreover, we have performed lattice dynamical calculations using Shell model that help us to assign the Raman phonons. In Part (B), we have explored the temperature dependence of the Raman phonons of spin-ice Dy2Ti2O7 and compared with the results of two non-magnetic pyrochlores, Lu2Ti2O7 and Y2Ti2O7. Our results reveal anomalous red-shift of some of the phonons in both magnetic and non-magnetic pyrochlores as the temperature is lowered. The phonon anomalies can not be understood in terms of spin-phonon and crystal field transition-phonon couplings, thus attributing them to phonon-phonon anharmonic interactions. We also find that the anomaly of the disorder activated Ti4+ Raman vibration (~ 200 cm−1) is unusually high compared to other phonons due to the large vibrational amplitudes of Ti4+-ions rendered by the vacant Wyckoff sites in their neighborhood. Later, we have quantified the anharmonicity in Dy2Ti2O7. We have extended our studies on spin-ice compound Dy2Ti2O7 by performing simultaneous pressure-and temperature-dependent Raman measurements, presented in Part (C). We show that a new Raman mode appears at low temperatures below TC ~ 110 K, suggesting a structural transition, also supported by our x-ray measurements. There are reports [Phys. Rev. B 77, 214310 (2008), Phys.Rev.B 79, 214437 (2009)] in the literature where the new mode in Dy2Ti2O7 at low temperatures has been assigned to a crystal field transition. Here, we put forward evidences that suggest that the “new” mode is a phonon and not a crystal field transition. Moreover, the TC is found to depend on pressure with a positive coefficient. In Part (D), we have presented our results of temperature-and pressure-dependent Raman and x-ray measurements of spin-frustrated pyrochlores Gd2Ti2O7, Tb2Ti2O7,and Yb2Ti2O7. Here, we have estimated the quasiharmonic and anharmonic contributions to the anomalous change in phonon frequencies with temperature. Moreover, we find that Gd2Ti2O7 and Tb2Ti2O7 undergo a subtle structural transition at a pressure of ~ 9 GPa which is absent in Yb2Ti2O7. The implication of this structural transition in the context of a long-range magnetically ordered state coexisting with the spin-liquid phase in Tb2Ti2O7 at high pressure (8.6 GPa) and low temperature (1.5 K), observed by Mirebeau et al. [Nature 420, 54 (2002)], has been discussed. As we have established in the previous parts that the anomalous behavior of pyrochlore phonons is due to phonon-phonon anharmonic interactions, we have tuned the anharmonicity in the first pyrochlore of the A2Ti2O7 series, i.e., Sm2Ti2O7,by replacing Ti4+-ions with bigger Zr4+-ions, presented in Part (E). Our results suggest that the phonon anomalies have a very strong dependence on the ionic size and mass of the transition element (i.e., the B4+-ion in A2B2O7 pyrochlores). We have also observed signatures of coupling between a phonon and crystal-field transitions in Sm2Ti2O7. In Part (F), we have studied spin-ice compound Ho2Ti2O7 and compared the phonon anomalies with the stuffed spin-ice compounds, Ho2+xTi2−xO7−x/2 by stuffing Ho3+ ions into the sites of Ti4+ with appropriate oxygen stoichiometry. We find that as more and more Ho3+-ions are stuffed, there is an increase in the structural disorder of the pyrochlore lattice and the phonon anomalies gradually disappear with increasing Ho3+-ions. Moreover, a coupling between phonon and crystal field transition has also been observed. In Part (G), we have examined the temperature dependence of phonons of “dynamical spin-ice” compound Pr2Sn2O7 and compared with its non-pyrochlore (monoclinic) counterpart Pr2Ti2O7. Our results conclude that the anomalous behavior of phonons is an intrinsic property of pyrochlore structure having inherent vacant sites. We also find a coupling between phonon and crystal-field transitions in Pr2Sn2O7. In the last part of this chapter, Part (H), we present our Raman studies of Er2Ti2O7. Here, we show that in addition to the anomalous phonons, there are modes that originate from photoluminescence transitions and some of these luminescence lines show anomalous temperature dependence which have been understood using the theory of optical dephasing in crystals, developed by Hsu and Skinner [J. Chem. Phys. 81, 1604 (1984)]. Temperature dependence of a few Raman modes and photoluminescence bands suggest a phase transition at 130 K. In Chapter 4, we furnish our pressure-dependent Raman studies of boron nitride multi-walled nanotubes (BNNT) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and compare the results with those of their carbon counterparts. Using Raman spectroscopy, we show that BNNT undergo an irreversible transition at ~ 12 GPa while the carbon counterpart, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, show a similar transition at a much higher pressure of ~ 51 GPa. In sharp contrast, the layered form of both the systems (i.e. h-BN and graphite) undergo a hexagonal to wurtzite phase at nearly similar pressure (~ 13 GPa of h-BN and ~ 15 GPa for graphite). A molecular dynamical simulation on boron nitride single-walled nanotubes has also been undertaken that suggests that the polar nature of the B−N bonds may be responsible for the irreversibility of the pressure-induced transformations. It is interesting to see that in hexagonal phase both the systems have almost similar mechanical property, but once they are rolled up to make nanotubes, the property becomes quite different. Chapter 5 presents the temperature dependence of the Raman modes of multiferroic thin films of BiFeO3 and Bi0.7Tb0.2La0.1O3. Though there have been several Raman investigations of BiFeO3 in literature, here we emphasize the observation of unusually intense second order Raman phonons. Our results have motivated Waghmare et al. to suggest a theoretical model to explain the anomalously large second order Raman tensor of BiFeO3 in terms of an incipient metal-insulator transition. In Chapter 6, we summarize our findings on the three different systems, namely, pyrochlores, boron nitride nanotubes, and BiFeO3 and highlight a few possible experiments that may be undertaken in future to have a better understanding of these systems.

Orientador: Oswaldo Luiz Alves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T15:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_Zaine_M.pdf: 9473793 bytes, checksum: 6b829dd09f94ae4a06c1d74344817ce3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os óxidos do tipo pirocloro de Bi2MNbO7 (M = In, AI e Mn), obtidos via reação sólido-sólido, são descritos na literatura possuindo propriedades ópticas, eléctricas e magnéticas de grande interesse. Neste Trabalho, pela primeira vez, foram obtidos pós e filmes finos de óxidos mistos do tipo pirocloro de Bi2MNbO7 (M = AI, In, Mn e Mn0,5Fe0,5 pela técnica de decomposição de precursores metalorgânicos (MOD). Cabe destacar que os filmes destes compostos e os óxidos de Bi2Mn0,5Fe0,5NbO7 também são inéditos nesta Dissertação. A obtenção dos pós de Bi2MNbO7 via MOD apresentou como vantagens em relação à reação sólido-sólido, uma redução acentuada no tempo e temperatura de obtenção. A caracterização dos sólidos foi realizada através das técnicas de difratometria de raios X (XRD), espectroscopia Raman e espectroscopia de raios X por dispersão de energia (EDS). Tais técnicas revelaram a formação de estrutura do tipo pirocloro, sendo que no caso dos compostos de Bi2InNbO7 e de Bi2AINbO7 observou-se impurezas de óxido de índio e óxido de alumínio, respectivamente. As deposições dos filmes foram realizadas empregando-se a técnica de dip coating em substrato de vidro borossilicato. A caracterização dos filmes por XRD, SEM e espectro de absorção no UV-Vis-NIR revelou que os filmes foram obtidos com pureza de fase cristalina, uniformes, com cIusters de dimensões nanométricas e excelente qualidade óptica, associada à baixa rugosidade, espessura uniforme e baixo espalhamento de luz. As espessuras calculadas por método óptico foram concordantes com os valores medidos por perfilometria. Observou-se um blue shift da energia da banda proibida para os filmes em função de espessuras menores, o que pode ser devido a interações filme-substrato e/ou devido a efeito quântico de tamanho. As medidas de condutividade elétrica, pelo método de quatro pontas, mostraram que apenas os filmes finos de Bi2MnNbO7 podem ser classificados como semicondutores. Por outro lado, os filmes de Bi2InNbO7 apresentaram comportamento anômalo durante as medidas de condutividade - decaimento acentuado da corrente com o tempo - sugerindo comportamento ferroelétrico. Tal trabalho pôde validar, mais uma vez, a obtenção de filmes multicomponentes pela técnica MOD, além de suscitar o interesse quanto às propriedades de filmes finos do tipo Bi2MNbO7, tais como: ópticas, elétricas e magnéticas. / Abstract: The mixed Bi2MNbO7 (M = In, AI e Mn) oxides, obtained by solid-state reaction, have been reported in the literature related to interesting optical, electric and magnetic properties. In this work, for the first time powders and thin films of pyrochlore BiMNbO7 (M =In, AI, Mn and Mn0.5Fe0.5) oxides were obtained through the MOD processo This is also the first work where such films were prepared, as well as the Bi2Mn0.5Fe0.5NbO7 powders. If compared to the solid-state reaction, the MOD process shows advantages such as lower temperature and time of synthesis of BiMNbO7 powders. The powders were characterised by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). These techniques indicated that powders crystallize as pyrochlore type crystalline structure. However, indium and aluminum oxides were found as contaminants in Bi2lnNbO7 and Bi2AINbO7, respectively. The films were deposited on borosilicate glass substrates by the dip coating technique. The characterization of the films by XRD, SEM and UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectroscopy indicated that these samples were obtained as nanometric clusters with pyrochlore type structure single phase, in addition to a high homogeneity and excellent optical quality. The films thickness data calculated from the interference fringes of the absorption spectra were in accordance with the values measured by perfilometry. The films showed a blue shift of the band gap energy as a function of lower thicknesses, which may be due to changes in the film composition and/or three-dimension quantum size effects. The measurements of electrical conductivity by the four-probe method pointed out that only Bi2MnNbO7 films may be considered as semiconductors. The Bi2lnNbO7 films displayed anomalous electrical conductivity values suggesting a ferroelectric behavior. ln conclusion, this work has valídated the obtainment of these multicomponent films by the MOD process, wich showed interesting optical and electrical properties. / Mestrado / Quimica Inorganica / Mestre em Química

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Ce travail concerne l'étude de nouveaux pyrochlores préparés à partir de phases appartenant à la solution solide Pb1+x+yGayTa2-yO6+x ((1+Y)/3 < X < (3-Y)/5). Le pyrochlore Pb1.5Ga0.5Ta1.5O6 a été obtenu par désintercalation du plomb entre 600 et 700ºC sous Ar/H2 (5%) et les pyrochlores Sr1.5Pb0.2Ga0.3Ta1.7O6.4, Sr1.5Ga0.5Ta1.5O6 et Ln1.1Pb0.35Ga0.5Ta1.5O6.5 (Ln3+=Nd3+,Ce3+) ont été préparés par réactions d'échange Pb2+/Sr2+ ou Pb2+/Ln3+ dans des bromures anhydres. La mobilité cationique au sein de ces phases entraîne un désordre qui a été mis en évidence par diffraction (X, neutrons) et par spectroscopie (IR, fluorescence). Toutes ces phases se décomposent entre 800 et 900ºC, ce qui rend impossible leur obtention par voie céramique. La conductivité des ions O2- a été évaluée par des mesures d'impédance complexe. Elle est relativement faible, même pour la phase au cérium qui est pourtant très réactive sous atmosphère oxydante.

En raison de la résistance élevée à l’irradiation de certaines compositions, les oxydes de structure pyrochlore A₂B₂O ₇ sont considérés comme des matrices potentielles d’immobilisation des actinides produits en réacteur nucléaire. Dans ce contexte, l’étude de la stabilité structurale sous irradiation de ces oxydes est particulièrement importante. Ce travail concerne donc l’étude de l’influence de la composition des pyrochlores et de leur microstructure sur leur comportement vis-à-vis de l’irradiation.Dans ce but, quatre compositions d’oxydes pyrochlores de formule générale A₂B₂O ₇ avec A = Gd, Nd et B = Zr, Ti ont tout d’abord été élaborées. Différentes voies de synthèse (réaction à l’état solide, chimie douce par la méthode Pechini) de poudres pyrochlores ont été explorées afin de maîtriser in fine la taille de grains des céramiques densifiées par frittage classique ou par frittage SPS. Les résultats obtenus par chimie douce sont prometteurs : des poudres fines (<100 nm) de structure pyrochlore ont été élaborées. Enfin, selon les conditions de frittage SPS choisies, des céramiques denses ont été obtenues, avec une taille de grains de 700 nm pour Y₂Ti₂O ₇ et de 300 nm pour Nd₂Zr₂O ₇ , ce qui, à notre connaissance, correspond aux plus petites tailles de grains pour ce type de composé.Afin d’étudier le comportement sous irradiation, les oxydes élaborés de compositions Gd₂Ti₂O ₇ , Y₂Ti₂O ₇ , Gd₂Zr₂O ₇ et Nd₂Zr₂O ₇ , ont été irradiés avec des ions lourds de basse énergie (Au 4MeV délivrés par l’installation JANNuS à Orsay) pour déterminer les modifications structurales produites par les effets nucléaires et par des ions lourds d’une centaine de MeV (ligne IRRSUD) ou de l’ordre du GeV (ligne SME) du GANIL à Caen afin d’étudier les effets induits par les excitations électroniques. Les transformations induites par irradiation ont été caractérisées par Diffraction des Rayons X (parfois in situ avec le dispositif ALIX du GANIL), Microscopie Electronique à Balayage et en Transmission (MEB, MET) et spectroscopie Raman. La spectroscopie d'absorption (XANES et EXAFS effectuées au synchrotron SOLEIL) a été utilisée pour caractériser l'ordre local dans la phase amorphe induite par irradiation dans les titanates. Dans le domaine du ralentissement nucléaire, les résultats principaux sont que les titanates s’amorphisent sous irradiation alors que seule une transition pyrochlore-fluorine est observée pour les zirconates. Dans le domaine du ralentissement électronique, les titanates s’amorphisent par un mécanisme d’impact direct et Gd₂Zr₂O ₇ subit uniquement une transition pyrochlore-fluorine. Par contre, contrairement à son comportement observé sous irradiation avec des ions de basse énergie, Nd₂Zr₂O ₇ s’amorphise avec des ions lourds de haute énergie, avec une cinétique d’endommagement complexe qui met en jeu des transitions pyrochlore-amorphe, pyrochlore-fluorine et fluorine-amorphe. La structure interne des traces induites par excitations électroniques a été étudiée par MET. Les analyses par spectroscopie Raman en coupe transverse des échantillons irradiés ont permis la détermination de l’épaisseur de la phase amorphe ainsi que du pouvoir d’arrêt électronique seuil pour la formation des traces. Les conductivités thermiques des échantillons irradiés sont plus faibles que celles obtenues dans les composés non irradiés. Enfin, l’étude de la restauration thermique des composés irradiés avec des ions lourds de haute énergie montre que les transformations de phases ainsi que les températures auxquelles se produisent ces transformations dépendent de la composition. / Due to the high resistance to irradiation of some compositions, pyrochlore-type oxides with A₂B₂O ₇ structure are considered as potential matrices for the immobilization of actinides produced in nuclear reactor. In this context, the study of the structural stability after irradiation of these oxides is particularly important and should be investigated. This work aims at studying the effects of both the composition and the microstructure on the behavior of pyrochlores upon irradiation. For this purpose, four compositions of pyrochlore oxides of general formula A₂B₂O ₇ (with A = Gd, Nd and B = Ti, Zr) were first elaborated. Powders were prepared using different routes (solid state reaction, soft chemistry with Pechini process) in order to control the grain size of the ceramics densified either by conventional sintering or by SPS. The results obtained by soft chemistry are promising: fine powders (<100 nm) with the pyrochlore structure were prepared. Finally, according to the selected SPS conditions, dense ceramics were obtained with a grain size of 700 nm for Y₂Ti₂O ₇ and 300 nm for Nd₂Zr₂O ₇ , which, to our knowledge, corresponds to the smaller grain size for these compositions. Pyrochlore oxides with the compositions Gd₂Ti₂O ₇ , Y₂Ti₂O ₇ , Gd₂Zr₂O ₇ and Nd₂Zr₂O ₇ were irradiated with low energy heavy ions (4 MeV Au ions delivered by the JANNuS platform in Orsay) to determine the structural modifications produced by nuclear collisions. The same ceramics were also irradiated with swift heavy ions (hundreds of MeV on the IRRSUD beamline or of the order of GeV on the SME beamline) at the GANIL accelerator in Caen to study the effects induced by electronic excitations. The transformations induced by irradiation were characterized by XRD (in situ with the ALIX set up of the GANIL or ex situ after irradiation), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Fine absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS performed at the synchrotron Soleil) was implemented in order to characterize the local order in the amorphous phase induced by irradiation in the titanates. In the ballistic process regime, the main results are the amorphization of the titanates, while only an anion-deficient fluorite phase is formed for zirconates. The phase transformations induced by electronic excitation show that titanates become amorphous by a direct impact mechanism whereas a pyrochlore-fluorite transition occurs for Gd₂Zr₂O ₇ . However, in contrast to the behavior observed upon irradiation with low energy ions, Nd₂Zr₂O ₇ becomes amorphous upon high energy ion irradiations, with a complex damage kinetics involving pyrochlore-amorphous, pyrochlore-fluorite and fluorite-amorphous phase transitions. The internal structure of tracks induced by electronic excitation was studied by TEM. Raman spectroscopy analyses performed on cross-sectioned irradiated samples allowed the determination of the amorphous phase thickness and the electronic stopping power threshold for the formation of tracks.The thermal conductivities of the irradiated samples are lower than those obtained for unirradiated compounds. Finally, a specific study concerning the thermal recovery of irradiated pyrochlores with swift heavy ions shows that the phase transitions and the temperature at which these transformations occur depend on the composition.

Face aux demandes croissantes en énergie, la tendance mondiale est au développement des énergies non émettrices de gaz à effets de serre. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs technologies de piles à combustibles utilisant l’hydrogène ont été développées. Le souhait d’abaisser les températures de fonctionnement des SOFC a conduit à s’intéresser au concept des piles PCFC dont la conduction ionique de l’électrolyte est assurée par l’hydrogène au lieu des anions oxydes. Les composés pyrochlores A₂B₂O₇ sont des candidats prometteurs comme matériaux d’électrolyte de PCFC.Il s’avère toutefois indispensable de comprendre les mécanismes de diffusion de l’hydrogène dans ces matériaux avant d’orienter les recherches vers la mise au point d’un matériau électrolyte performant. Dans ce travail, une approche multi-échelle est employée pour étudier l’impact de microstructure sur les propriétés de conduction protonique du matériau modèle La₂Zr₂O₇ dopé Sr. Pour ce faire, plusieurs voies de synthèse ont été utilisées afin d’obtenir des morphologies de poudres différentes.A l’échelle nanométrique, les études structurales menées par diffraction des rayons X puis des études par spectroscopie Raman et spectroscopie de pertes d’énergie des électrons (EELS) ont montré que la structure basse température étaient une structure pyrochlore désordonnée. Cette dernière s’ordonne lors de recuit thermique.Les techniques d’analyses par faisceau d’ions ont permis de sonder à l’échelle micrométrique les profils de concentration en hydrogène des matériaux préalablement hydratés. La quantité d’hydrogène incorporé dépend de la densification de la pastille.Les mesures par spectroscopie d’impédance ont permis d’obtenir des informations à l’échelle macroscopique du comportement électrique des matériaux. Une conductivité protonique a été mise en évidence sous atmosphère humide. Cette conductivité est fortement dépendante non seulement de la méthode d’élaboration des matériaux mais aussi des procédés de densification utilisés. / Due to the increase of energy demand and environmental issues of fossil energy, many researches are moving towards green energy. In this context, several technologies using hydrogen have been developed. To reduce the working temperature of SOFC fuel cell, the concept of PCFC is emerging. The ionic conductivity is due to hydrogen instead of oxide anions. The A₂B₂O₇ compounds are promising candidates as electrolyte materials for PCFC. However, it appears necessary to understand the hydrogen diffusion mechanisms in these materials before to investigate news materials with best properties. In this work, a multi-scale approach is performed to study the impact of microstructure on proton-conducting properties in Sr doped La₂Zr₂O₇ as model material. Several synthetic routes have been used to obtain powders with different morphologies.At the nanometric scale, studies by X-ray diffraction, then by Raman spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) have shown that the low temperature structure were disordered a pyrochlore structure. The latter is ordered during thermal annealing. At the micrometric scale, ion beam techniques allowed us to get the hydrogen concentration profiles on the previously hydrated materials. The amount of incorporated hydrogen depends on the densification processes. At the macroscopic scale, impedance spectroscopy measurements were used to obtain information on the electrical behavior of materials. Evidence of proton conductivity has been demonstrated in wet atmosphere. This conductivity is highly dependent not only on the sample preparation but also on processes densification used.