The body of literature clearly articulates the unique needs of newly qualified teachers and the challenges they experience during their early career years. In addition, literature advocates for implementation of induction programmes to enable a smooth transition of the beginners into the profession. This empirical phenomenological study explored the induction experiences of newly qualified primary school teachers in Zimbabwe in an attempt to gain insights into the everyday issues they contend with. Purposive sampling was employed to select twenty participants who comprised of ten newly qualified teachers, five beginners whose experience in the field ranged from one to three years and five mentors. Data were collected mainly through three semi-structured interviews with newly qualified teachers and mentors, reflective essays written by beginners who were not so new in the profession and a focus group discussion with selected beginners. The protocol used for data explication was a simplified version of Hycner’s (1985) framework for phenomenological analysis suggested by Groenewald (2004). The findings yielded six themes and revealed that: new teachers experienced adaptation challenges relating to forging of new relationships, location of schools and nature of host communities; induction was largely informal and incidental, and the induction supports experienced by the new teachers were limited; the beginners had various teaching and social concerns that needed to be addressed; and, while the new teachers had derived some lessons from their first year of teaching, these were outweighed by their concerns and might not have made a significant impact on their classroom practices. The data also revealed that the partnership between teacher education institutions and schools in providing for teacher professional development was weak. The study concluded that the absence of a policy on induction in the country has resulted in lack of appreciation of the centrality of induction on the teacher development continuum and the haphazard manner in which issues of induction are being handled. The main recommendations from the study were that a policy on induction should be put in place, that schools are empowered to provide induction and induction supports that are amenable to the country’s context be fully exploited. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

Magister Scientiae - MSc / We investigate some simulation-based approaches for the valuing of the employee stock options. The mathematical models that deal with valuation of such options include the work of Jennergren and Naeslund [L.P Jennergren and B. Naeslund, A comment on valuation of executive stock options and the FASB proposal, Accounting Review 68 (1993) 179-183]. They used the Black and Scholes [F. Black and M. Scholes, The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, Journal of Political Economy 81(1973) 637-659] and extended partial differential equation for an option that includes the early exercise. Some other major relevant works to this mini thesis are Hemmer et al. [T Hemmer, S. Matsunaga and T Shevlin, The influence of risk diversification on the early exercise of employee stock options by executive officers, Journal of Accounting and Economics 21(1) (1996) 45-68] and Baril et al. [C. Baril, L. Betancourt, J. Briggs, Valuing employee stock options under SFAS 123 R using the Black-Scholes-Merton and lattice model approaches, Journal of Accounting Education 25 (1-2) (2007) 88-101]. The underlying assets are studied under the GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) effects. Particular emphasis is made on the American style employee stock options. / South Africa

本研究主要係探討財務比率資訊對外國專業投資機構投資決策之資訊內涵。主要實證議題包括：（一）探討不同產業下，影響外資投資策略之重要財務屬性為何？（二）前述財務屬性與外資持股變動之關係；及（三）財務比率資訊對外資持股變動之解釋能力是否因產業別之不同而有所差異？ 本研究以民國84年至88年間之台灣上市電子業、紡織業、塑膠業、食品業公司為樣本，首先運用因素分析將十八項財務比率萃取出獲利能力、償債能力、經營能力、帳款變現性及財務結構等五個不同構面的財務屬性，並加入公司規模、本益比及產業加權指數變動作為控制變數，以迴歸模式進行產業別分析。 實證研究結果發現，就整體而言，獲利能力為外資持股最具決策攸關性之財務屬性。就個別財務因素觀之，獲利能力、經營能力、帳款變現性及財務結構屬性均符合本研究假說預期與外資平均持股比例呈正向關係。償債能力屬性在電子業、紡織業及食品業均與預期相符呈正相關，僅在塑膠業與外資持股呈現負相關，與預期假說相違。由於負債比對償債能力屬性之影響為負向，故負相關之研究結果表示負債比相較於其他財務比率對塑膠產業樣本公司之償債能力屬性具更明顯的影響力。如併考量塑膠業之流動比及速動比均較其他產業為高之情形，此發現可能意謂，外資基於塑膠業之產業特性，並不希望塑膠業公司積壓過多資源而導致喪失投資獲利的機會。 此外，實證結果亦顯示，迴歸模式之解釋力在不同產業下確實存在產業之差異性，故產業性質對財務比率分析具有重要影響力。 / By examining whether the detailed financial ratios are informative about subsequent changes in Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors’(QFII) shareholdings, this thesis investigates the usefulness of accounting fundamental signals in the QFII investment decisions. Using a sample of firms listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange from electronics, textile, plastic and food industries over the period of 1995 to 1999, this thesis explores three empirical issues: (1) What are the important financial attributes for QFII’s investment decisions, measured in terms of changes in QFII shareholdings of specific companies? (2) The relationship between the shareholding change and the financial attributes. And (3) Would such relationship differentiate across industries? Based upon a factor analysis approach, this thesis first extracts 18 financial ratios into five dimensions of financial attributes: profitability, operating management, account receivable turnover, liquidity, and financial structure. By incorporating these five financial attributes with company size, price-earning ratio and industrial stock price index into a multiple regression, the relationship between financial attributes and QFII shareholdings is then investigated. The empirical findings indicate that profitability is the most relevant factor that affects the QFII shareholdings. The evidence also shows that consistent with the hypothesis, profitability, operating management, accounts receivable turnover, and financial structure are significantly and positively associated with QFII shareholdings for all industries related. With the exception of the plastic industry, liquidity is negatively related to QFII shareholdings. There is cross-industry difference in explanatory power of regression models used. This result might thus imply that industry factor plays a role in the usefulness of financial ratio analysis.

The aim of the study was to establish the possible causes of poor Grade 12 results in physical science in South Africa and to apply a total quality management (TQM) approach to suggest a solution. The literature study indicates that resources, preparation or subject knowledge, commitment and support affect the quality of performance. The research was done in one school district (cluster). Following the literature study a questionnaire was distributed to 150 science teachers from 31 schools and the response rate was 73% (113 responses). The questionnaire tested the respondents' perception on the availability of resources and the support received by them, the support given to learners and their level of preparation and subject knowledge. From this, as well as from the biographical information from the questionnaire, certain conclusions were made about the reasons for poor performance of learners in science examinations. It could be concluded from the analysis of the results that limited support to teachers and support to learners are important factors contributing to a poor Grade 12 pass rate. The pass rate also correlates positively with experience levels of teachers. Although 39% of teachers are unqualified or under-qualified, no significant correlation could be found between pass rate and level of qualification. Analysis of the effect of commitment on pass rate was inconclusive. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The aim of the study was to establish the possible causes of poor Grade 12 results in physical science in South Africa and to apply a total quality management (TQM) approach to suggest a solution. The literature study indicates that resources, preparation or subject knowledge, commitment and support affect the quality of performance. The research was done in one school district (cluster). Following the literature study a questionnaire was distributed to 150 science teachers from 31 schools and the response rate was 73% (113 responses). The questionnaire tested the respondents' perception on the availability of resources and the support received by them, the support given to learners and their level of preparation and subject knowledge. From this, as well as from the biographical information from the questionnaire, certain conclusions were made about the reasons for poor performance of learners in science examinations. It could be concluded from the analysis of the results that limited support to teachers and support to learners are important factors contributing to a poor Grade 12 pass rate. The pass rate also correlates positively with experience levels of teachers. Although 39% of teachers are unqualified or under-qualified, no significant correlation could be found between pass rate and level of qualification. Analysis of the effect of commitment on pass rate was inconclusive. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the process of professionalisation of newly commissioned second lieutenants and newly qualified school teachers. The professionalisation of these two occupational categories is examined from a comparative perspective and concentrates on the communicative conditions and institutional arenas that affect the professionalisation process. The theoretical framework of the thesis is comprised of communication theory and concepts of sense making found in institutional theory models. The empirical data was collected during the first year after second lieutenants received their officer’s commissions and teachers received their teaching credentials. Four second lieutenants and four teachers were interviewed three times during their first year of professional service. Some observations are also included in the thesis. The dissertation’s main conclusions are connected, in part, to issues of transparency in communicative conditions and, in part, to incentives connected to supervision, support and control. On the one hand, the commissioned officers’ and one of the teacher’s process of sensemaking appeared visible and collective in character, where the rules of conduct and meaning emerge clearly without ambiguity. On the other hand, the majority of the certified teachers’ process of sense making appeared private, concealed, inaccessible and diverse in character. It was observed that incentives for supervision, support and control are strong among commissioned officers because they are directly dependent on each other’s work. The same incentives are weaker among certified teachers because they are not as dependent on each other’s work. One conclusion to draw from this difference is that the professionalisation of commissioned officers is collective-oriented while the professionalisation of certified teachers is less so.

In South Africa the Center for Child Youth and Family Studies is training practitioners yearly to work as play therapists from a gestalt approach. Once these practitioners successfully complete their training and qualify they could begin practicing play therapy from a gestalt approach. Each of these recently qualified play therapists is then responsible for organising and committing to their own supervision. Therapists who do not attend supervision risk stagnation and burn out due to a lack of positive interaction in relation to receiving knowledge and support from those more experienced in gestalt play therapy and from their peers. At present there is a perceived lack of supervision resources based on a gestalt approach particularly for those recently qualified play therapists working from a gestalt approach that are geographically distant from the areas where training takes place. This study sought to answer the question of what supervision resources are currently available to recently qualified play therapists working from a gestalt approach in South Africa. In order to answer this question combined quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used. An internet survey questionnaire was completed by recently qualified play therapists working from a gestalt approach which formed part of the quantitative section of the research. Structured interviews were conducted via Skype with professionals experienced in the field of Gestalt therapy theory and supervision from a gestalt approach and this formed part of the qualitative section of the research. Overall the results from the merged data indicate a lack of supervisors qualified to give supervision based on a gestalt approach. This factor contributes to the overall lack of supervision resources based on a gestalt approach for recently qualified play therapists working from this approach. Geographical distance from supervision resources places financial and time constraints on recently qualified play therapists that prevent them from accessing supervision based on a gestalt approach. Despite this results indicate those recently qualified play therapists working from a gestalt approach are attempting to meet their responsibility and requirement for supervision. / Psychology / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / "Free people expect much from their police. In such societies the police stand at the point of balance on the one hand securing human rights on the other exercising their lawful powers given to them by Governments in the name of the people, to protect people and their institutions" (J Alderson Human Rights and Police Rights. Publication of the Council of Europe.) This is no small expectation. It means that the police are expected to maintain and secure the principles of democracy and human rights, the principles upon which our Constitution is based. At the same time it is the duty of a police service to maintain law and order which sometimes require the exercise of power and the use of force which on the face of it may appear to violate human dignity and certain rights and freedoms which a police force is expected to maintain in a democratic society. The manner of exercising that power has an impact on the credibility and effectiveness of the police. Human rights law internationally accepts that a police service needs to be given the power to, at times restrict certain individual freedoms in the interests of the security of the community at large. These restrictions may take place only in a constitutional way. If it takes place in an unconstitutional way the courts must have the right to exclude evidence which is unconstitutionally obtained. At this stage the courts have to formulate such a qualified exclusionary rule, but the ultimate goal must be to include such an exclusionary rule in a future Constitution. / Department of Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1995204 bytes, checksum: 633f21a0b6ae7bab0d65d109081c52e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The traditional understanding of the concept of citizenship recognizes rights and obligations by reason of the attachments of certain groups of individuals to a State law order. This notion distinguishes between individuals who are or are not citizens of one State, as if they possessed certain equal status. It overlooks, however, rooted internal discriminations that distinguish citizens gradually, due to its more or less correspondence to homogeneous parameters and their belonging to social classes. Accordingly, even supposedly democratic states oppress qualitative minorities in veiled manner, defying human rights and disregarding duties that are internationally recognised. The study discussed in this dissertation is based on such statement, and admits the existence of graduated citizenship even among Brazilians. Furthermore, this study proposes to analyse the specific contribution of the Brazilian Judiciary in maintaining the limitations of citizenship in the country, either through direct violation, or through simple connivance. Thus, the dissertation starts with the following question: the role of the national Judiciary has contributed to the perpetuation of the limitation of citizenship rights for marginalized groups even while seeking parity of into-the-process conditions? The hypothesis of this study is that it is up to the courts to ensure the observance of these rights and duties, and if different degrees of citizenship in Brazil can still be found, the parameters and actuation on behalf of equality have not been sufficient to solve the problem. It may lead to the need to revise the paradigms that shape the self-understanding of Justice and how it sees the Brazilian citizen. From the answer of this problem, the dissertation intends to contribute to studies on citizenship and access to justice in Brazil from the joint analysis of these themes - which though commonly operated in isolated way, they act in synchrony on implementation and violation of human rights in Brazil. For this, this study adopts legal pluralism as a theoretical framework that uses primarily the method of dialectical approach, analysing the Law as part of the social totality. The results indicate the need to revise the procedural instrumentalism and reinforce the understanding of the process as subjective right to be satisfied from the dialogical participation. The study criticizes the limitations of the socialization process theory, among which the politicization of the Judge, the procedural slowness and the pursuit of efficiency of the Judiciary according to business criteria. Then, the dissertation proposes the adoption of a qualified democratic process that is timely, effective, appropriate and dialogical. Finally, it also recognizes the need to modify the parameter self-centered that understands the Law, going to examine in different kinds of ways according to the multicultural and multilegal state and through the democratic process. / Segundo a compreensão tradicional, o instituto da cidadania reconhece direitos e obrigações fundamentais em razão da vinculação de determinados grupos de indivíduos a uma orde m jurídica estatal. Essa noção distingue os indivíduos entre aqueles que são ou não cidadãos de dado Estado, como se concidadãos fossem dotados de certo status de igualdade. Olvida, contudo, discriminações internas enraizadas que distinguem os cidadãos de maneira gradual, em razão de sua maior ou menor correspondência a parâmetros homogêneos e seu pertencimento a classes sociais. Assim, mesmo Estados pretensamente democráticos oprimem de modo velado minorias qualitativas, afrontando direitos humanos e descumprindo deveres reconhecidos internacionalmente. O presente estudo parte dessa constatação, admite a existência de graduação de cidadania mesmo entre nacionais e propõe-se a analisar a contribuição específica do Judiciário brasileiro na manutenção das limitações de cidadania no país, seja por meio de violação direta, seja por intermédio de simples conivência. Desse modo, parte do seguinte questionamento: a atuação do Judiciário nacional tem contribuído na perpetuação da limitação de direitos de cidadania para grupos marginalizados mesmo enquanto busca a paridade de armas endoprocessual? Considera-se a hipótese de que se cabe ao Judiciário garantir a observância desses direitos e deveres e continua sendo possível constatar a existência de diferentes graus de cidadania no país, os parâmetros e a atuação em prol da isonomia não têm sido suficientes para solucionar o problema, o que pode ensejar a necessidade de rever os paradigmas que moldam a autocompreensão da Justiça e a forma como esta vê o cidadão brasileiro. Com isso, pretende-se, respondendo o problema, contribuir para os estudos sobre cidadania e acesso à justiça no Brasil, a partir da análise conjunta desses temas que, embora costumeiramente explorados de maneira isolada, atuam com sincronia na concretização e na violação dos direitos humanos no Brasil. Para tanto, adota-se o pluralismo jurídico como marco teórico e utiliza-se prioritariamente o método de abordagem dialético, analisando o Direito como parte da totalidade social. Os resultados alcançados indicam a necessidade de rever o instrumentalismo processual e reforçar a compreensão do processo como direito subjetivo, a ser satisfeito a partir da participação dialógica. Critica-se as limitações da teoria socializadora do processo, dentre as quais a politização do juiz, a morosidade processual e a busca pela eficiência do Judiciário segundo critérios empresariais. Propõe a adoção de um processo democrático qualificado e, por isso, tempestivo, efetivo, adequado e dialógico. Reconhece, também, a necessidade de modificar o parâmetro autocentrado com que se compreende o Direito, passando a analisá-lo de maneira plural, segundo o Estado plurijurídico e multicultural, e por intermédio do processo democrático.

The aim of this thesis, which deals with the modernization of the Zeiss/Tesa device, which is designed to calibrate the gauge blocks, is to provide a detailed analysis of the current state of the art of this instrument and to search for gauge blocks calibration requirements. The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to the definition of basic metrological concepts and terms. One of the separate chapters contains a elaborate description of the Zeiss/Tesa device and the possibilities of its modernization. A qualified estimation of the measurement uncertainty is determined in the practical part of the thesis and a simulation of the measurement uncertainty is performed using the Monte Carlo method. The final chapter contains the technical documentation of the proposed modernization.