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Syftet med den här studien är att jämföra två grundskollärarens förhållningssätt till skönlitterärt läsande för att visa dess betydelse för hur elever i mellanstadiet kan uppmuntras till att läsa skönlitterära texter i skolan. Därför har semistrukturerade intervjuer använts enligt Bryman (2011) samt kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer. Resultaten av undersökningen är tvådelade. Det ena visar på att om läraren utåt sett visar eleverna ett positivt förhållningssätt till skönlitteratur kan det ha en positiv inverkan på elevens läslust. Om läraren istället visar ett negativt förhållningssätt till skönlitteratur för eleverna kan detta ha en negativ inverkan på elevens läslust. Det som inte har någon betydelse är om lärarens positiva förhållningssätt till skönlitteratur är äkta eller inte, såvida inte eleverna märker att lärarens positiva förhållningssätt inte är äkta utan lärarens personliga tycke om skönlitteratur lyser igenom. / The purpose of this study is to examine and compare two primary school teachers approach to fictional reading and to show its significance regarding how pupils in middle school can be encouraged to read fictional texts in classroom activities. Therefore semi structured research interviews have been used, according to Bryman (2011) which was used was qualitative research interviews. The results of the research are twofold. One the one hand if the teacher shows the pupils a positive approach to fictional reading the impact on pupils’ love of reading might be positive. If the teacher instead show the pupils a negative approach to fictional reading the effects can be negative. On the other hand, it does not seem important if the teachers’ positive approach to fictional reading is authentic or not, unless the pupils notice that the teachers just pretend having a positive approach and their real thoughts shine through.

The title enlightens the difficulties of democratic transition that Cambodia experiences post Khmer Rouge. Media in transitional democracies is often described as a forced compromise between what is ideal and what is actually possible. This thesis aims to understand how political agency and technological advances have affected journalistic agency in a transitional democracy. Three research questions were decided upon: How do journalists in Cambodia perceive their role in a democratic transition? What restrictions and limitations do journalistic practices face in Cambodia? And how do journalists in Cambodia perceive the impact of social media on democratic development? A field study was conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. For ten weeks, eight editors and journalists currently active in Cambodia were interviewed and observed in their working environment. Normative media theory and developmental democracy theory have been used to analyze and understand the material that was generated through a combination of unstructured observations and semi-structured qualitative research interviews. Important findings were that the complicated structures of transitional democracies make journalists take on different roles, from very collaborative to extremely radical. Their different stand on journalistic practices is a mixture of their own choice and the force of historical, political and social constraints. Political power players treat them differently, which further separates them and has led to a segregated journalistic community. Even though they seem to share the same fundamental ideal of what journalism should be journalists are therefor unlikely to cooperate. Social media has been a catalyst for change in democratic development in Cambodia. By offering a place for uncensored conversations it has given the opposition access to media. Social media has brought along many new dilemmas though and is probably more beneficial to journalistic development than to democratic development. There is a lack of tolerance of diversity in Cambodia due to the fragile state of democratic transition. Therefor the immediate and unrestricted ways of expression in social media partially works against creating the social capital necessary for consolidation – fully completed democratization.

The aim of my study is to find out more about the pupils’ early attempts at writing fictional texts. More specifically, I examine how different teachers work to teach pupils in the third grade to write narrative texts or fiction. I have chosen to interview teachers who have been working for different periods of time, to get a picture of how their lessons are planned. Furthermore, through classroom observations, I get an idea of what pupils think about writing narrative texts and how they do it.     The results of the study show that there are several methods that teachers use to teach writing in the case of narrative texts. The result also points out that even though society itself is digitalized, work in school has not been affected to the same degree. / Mitt arbete syftar till att ta reda på mer om elevernas tidiga möte med den skönlitterära texten. Jag undersöker i detta arbete hur olika lärare i årskurs 3 arbetar med att lära sina elever att skriva berättande texter, eller berättelser. Då vi befinner oss i ett alltmer digitaliserat samhälle har jag valt att intervjua lärare som varit verksamma olika länge för att få en bild av hur deras synsätt eventuellt påverkats av den ökade användningen av datorer, surfplattor etc. Genom observationer i klassrummet har jag kunnat bilda mig en uppfattning av vad eleverna anser om att skriva berättande texter och på vilket sätt de gör det.      Studiens resultat visar att det finns flera metoder som lärarna använder för att undervisa i skrivning när det gäller berättande texter. Resultatet pekar även på att trots att samhället i sig är digitaliserat så har det inte gått riktigt lika fort fram i skolan.

The thesis aims to map the health information behaviour of parents. Behaviour of parents represents a significant part in the life of child and therefore the attention of this thesis is focused on this topic. Its theoretical part introduces the areas characterising the topic - information behaviour, models and process of information behaviour, health, health literacy and phenomena affecting information behaviour (such as advertisement in health service or information overload). The research part contains a methodological basis of work and describes the research design. In the final part, analytical results of the interviews are elaborated.

Syftet med mitt arbete är att undersöka hur lärare arbetar med skönlitterärt skrivande tillsammans med sina elever. Använder sig lärarna av någon speciell metod? Jag vill även ta reda på hur eleverna upplever att det är att skriva berättande texter. Vidare vill jag även undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan intresse för läsning och intresse för att skriva berättelser. Med skönlitterärt skrivande avses i det här arbetet att skriva berättelser. För min undersökning har jag använt mig av två olika metoder: intervju och enkät. Jag har intervjuat sex lärare. De lärare jag har valt att intervjua är lärare som är utbildade i ämnet svenska. Enkätundersökningen är gjord med 130 elever i årskurs 3 och 6. Varför jag valt just dessa årskurser är för att jag vet att de har arbetat mycket med texter och framförallt med att skriva berättelser. Eleverna är med andra ord väl medvetna om vad det är för slags text jag ställer frågor om. De intervjuade lärarna arbetar alla efter metoden genrepedagogik och de använder sig på olika sätt av boksamtal i sin undervisning. Det framgår av resultatet att det som är svårast med att skriva berättelse varierar och det kan vara fantasin, strukturen eller att eleverna inte förstå vad de olika begreppen som används inom skrivandet betyder och att det gör skrivandet svårt. Resultatet visar även att det finns en koppling mellan intresset att läsa och intresset/förmågan för att skriva berättelser. Det framkommer också att de elever som läser böcker har en fördel i sitt skrivande när det kommer till uppbyggnad av texten och att få en röd tråd genom hela berättelsen. / The purpose of my essay is to investigate how teachers work with fictional writing together with their pupils. Do teachers use any particular method? I also want to find out how pupils feel about writing narrative texts. My purpose is also to investigate whether there is a connection between interest in reading and interest in writing stories. I am doing my research with pupils of the age 9-12. In my study, fiction writing is referred to as “writing stories”. For my research I have used two different methods: interviews and surveys. I have interviewed six teachers. The teachers are teachers who are educated in the subject Swedish. The survey was conducted with 130 pupils in grades 3 and 6. Why I selected year 3 and 6 is because I know that they have worked a lot with writing stories. The interviewed teachers teach according to the method of genre that means that the text is broken down into smaller parts and the pupils learn how to write different stages in a text. The narrative text has a beginning, a middle, a solution and then the end. The teachers use different ways of book discussions in their teaching. The result shows that what pupils find most difficult in writing stories varies. It may be the imagination, the structure or not understanding concepts that make it difficult. The result also shows that there is a link between the interest to read and the interest/ability to write stories. The teachers say that pupils who read a lot also write better than pupils who do not. The readers often tend to have a better red thread through their own stories.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Initial research on structuring the interview process investigated structure’s impact on the interview’s psychometric properties (e.g., reliability and validity). In contrast, the empirical literature has begun to consider the impact of increased interview structure on job applicant reactions to the interview and the companies that utilize them. Current research has studied the effects of interviewer characteristics on applicant reactions and the effects of different types of selection procedures on applicant fairness reactions. In addition, while studies have examined the impact of applicants’ perceived control on their reactions to selection procedures, few studies have examined this impact specifically for the employment interview. Given the widespread use of the interview in selection, this study adds to current research by focusing on applicant reactions to four elements of the interview identified as being salient to applicants (i.e., the degree to which the interviewee perceives that applicants are asked the same questions, the use of situational or behavioral type questions, controlling the use of ancillary information by the interviewer, and the degree to which questions from the applicant are controlled). In addition, this study focused on need for control as a moderator of the relationships between interview structure and fairness perceptions, recommendation intentions, and acceptance intentions. Participants consisted of 161 students voluntarily participating in three different interviewing scenarios: unstructured, semi-structured, and structured interviewing scenario. The participants completed post-interview measures asking them about their perceptions of fairness, their intention to recommend the company to others, and their intention of accepting an offer if one is made by the company. Although the hypothesized relationships between elements of structure and applicant evaluations of the interview were largely not supported, the results did indicate that student applicants perceived semi-structured and structured interviews to be fairer than unstructured interviews. In addition, the results suggest that more structured interviews may lead to lower behavioral intent to recommend the job to others or accept a job offer. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of how interview structure relates to the candidates’ perception of fairness, recommendation intentions, and acceptance intentions.