In this thesis we analyze the procurement process of buyers and supply decisions of manufacturers. Companies are looking for ways to decrease their procurement costs, which account for a large percentage of the supply chain costs. We study the effects of demand aggregation and collaborative procurement on buyers' profitability. First, we make a high-level analysis and consider a market with multiple buyers and suppliers where multi-unit transactions for multiple items take place. The procurement costs are effected by economies of scale in the suppliers' production costs and by economies of scope in transportation. We design buyer strategies that model different collaboration levels and assess the role of collaboration under varying market conditions. Next, we analyze the procurement process at a lower level and identify benefits of inter-firm collaboration among buyers who are potential competitors in the end market. We adopt a game-theoretic approach to explore the economics of the basic mechanism underlying collaborative procurement, and determine the conditions that makes it beneficial for the participants. Besides low procurement costs, important considerations in supplier selection are responsiveness and the reliability of the suppliers in meeting demand. Hence, manufacturers face the pressure for quoting short and reliable lead times. We cover several aspects of the manufacturer's problem, such as quoting reliable due-dates based on current workload in the system, maximizing profit considering the lateness cost incurred due to late deliveries, and deciding on the level of inventory to increase responsiveness. We employ a model where demand arrival and manufacturing processes are stochastic, and obtain insights on the optimal due-date quotation policy and on the optimal inventory level.

Advancements in information technology enabled to track real time data in a more accurate and precise way in many manufacturing facilities. However, before obtaining the more accurate and precise data, the investment in information technology should be validated. Value of information may be adopted as a criterion in this investment. In this study, we analyze the value of information in a manufacturing facility where production and lead time quotation decisions are taken. In order to assess the value of information, two settings are analyzed. Under the first setting, the manufacturer takes decisions under perfect information. To find the optimal decisions under perfect information, a stochastic model is introduced. Under the second setting, the manufacturer takes decisions under imperfect information. To obtain a solution for this problem, Partially Observable Markov Decision Process is employed. Under the second setting, we study two approaches. In the first approach, we introduce a nonlinear programming model to find the optimal decisions. In the second approach, a heuristic approach, constructed on optimal actions taken under perfect information is presented. We examine the value of information under different parameters by considering the policies under nonlinear programming model and heuristic approach. The profit gap between the two policies is investigated. The effect of Make-to-Order (MTO) and Make-to-Stock (MTS) schemes on the value of information is analyzed. Lastly, different lead time quotation schemes / accept-all, accept-reject and precise lead time / are compared to find under which quotation scheme value of information is highest.

Ayant recours aux théories de l’intertextualité et de la citation telles que développées par Genette, Compagnon et Morawski, ce mémoire met en relation deux corpus distincts mais complémentaires : les principaux essais d’Hubert Aquin, de Gaston Miron et des collaborateurs de la revue Parti pris sont analysés comme réécriture des textes (ou réélaboration des idées) d’Aimé Césaire, de Frantz Fanon et d’Albert Memmi, figures dominantes du discours de la décolonisation francophone. L’approche adoptée vise à mettre en lumière les bases sur lesquelles les intellectuels québécois tâchèrent de justifier leur réutilisation du discours de la décolonisation. Elle permet aussi d’observer dans quelle mesure ce discours orienta la réflexion entourant la redéfinition du nationalisme au Québec, en plus de faciliter sa diffusion. Articulé autour de trois grands axes – l’identité culturelle, les conflits linguistiques ainsi que le rôle de la littérature et de l’écrivain dans le combat pour l’émancipation nationale –, ce mémoire démontre que l'établissement d'un tel partenariat symbolique a été d'un grand apport quant à l'appartenance du Québec à la francophonie. / Refering to the theories of Genette, Compagnon and Morawski's on quotation and intertextuality, this thesis compares two distinct, yet complementary, body of works: the major essays written by Hubert Aquin, Gaston Miron and the young intellectuals who collaborated to Parti Pris are analyzed as rewriting (or rethinking) of the works of Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon and Albert Memmi, figureheads of the francophone decolonization movement. The main objective of this study is to investigate the bases on which Québécois intellectuals attempted to justify their recuperation of the discourse of decolonization, and how this discourse shaped their reflection towards redefining Québec nationalism, as well as promoting its diffusion. Articulated around three principal axes – cultural identity, language conflicts and the role of literature and the writer in the struggle for national emancipation –, this thesis shows that the creation of such a symbolic partnership has enabled Québec to join the community of francophone nations.

Das Ziel der qualitativen und quantitativen Analyse in der vorliegenden Magisterarbeit ist es deutsche und litauische Überschriftenarten zu vergleichen, die Tendenz der Ellipsenverwendung zu präsentieren, sowie Zitate und Metaphern in Überschriften zu untersuchen. Es wurden 200 Überschriften aus der Süddeutschen Zeitung und 200 Überschriften aus Lietuvos rytas ausgesucht. Die Analyse hat gezeigt, dass die Überschriften in der deutschen und der litauischen Zeitung Unterschiede in ihrer Struktur aufweisen, aber sie dienen primär demselben Ziel – das Thema des Artikels darzustellen. Die Syntaxanalyse hat ergeben, dass die Ellipse eine häufige Erscheinung in Überschriften ist, trotzdem kommen elliptische Konstruktionen in der deutschen Zeitung öfter vor als in der litauischen. Das dritte Untersuchungsobjekt war das Zitieren: In der deutschen Zeitung wird lieber zitiert als in der litauischen. Als Letztes wurden Metaphern untersucht: Die Analyse hat gezeigt, dass 18,7% deutscher Überschriften metaphorisch sind. Im Litauischen beträgt ihr Anteil 27,3%. Am häufigsten kommen Gewächs-Metaphern im Bereich Wirtschaft und Kampf/Krieg-Metaphern im Bereich Sport vor. / Nepaisant didelės antraščių reikšmės laikraščiuose, jos yra viena mažiausiai tyrinėtų temų lingvistikoje. Antraštės perteikia pagrindinę straipsnio temą ir padeda skaitytojui išsirinkti jam įdomiausias temas. Magistriniame darbe analizuojamos ir lyginamos vokiškos ir lietuviškos antraštės. Analizei pasirinkti laikraščiai: die Süddeutsche Zeitung ir Lietuvos rytas. Iš kiekvieno laikraščio išrinkta po 200 antraščių – 100 antraščių iš ekonomikos ir 100 antraščių iš sporto skilčių. Darbo tikslas analizuoti ir palyginti antraščių tipus, aptarti elipsės vartojimo tendencijas, citatų naudojimą ir metaforų rūšis vokiškose ir lietuviškose antraštėse. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad vokiškos ir lietuviškos antraštės skiriasi savo struktūrine sandara, tačiau jos tarnauja bendram tikslui – formuluoti pagrindinę straipsnio temą. Sintaksės analizė paneigė Burger (2005) prognozes - elipsės vartojimas yra vis dar dažnas reiškinys tiek vokiškose, tiek lietuviškose antraštėse, nors pastarosiose jos sutinkamos rečiau. Citatų analizė parodė, kad vokiškuose laikraščiuose cituojama dažniau, nei lietuviškuose. Be to, vokiškos citatos pasižymėjo platesniu pakeitimų spektru. Paskutinis tyrimo objektas – metaforos. Analizė atskleidė, kad 18,73% vokiškų antraščių yra metaforinės, lietuviškame laikraštyje jų dalis didesnė - 27,31%. Abiejuose laikraščiuose vyrauja tos pačios tematikos metaforos – ekonomikos skiltyje dažniausia yra augalo metafora, tuo tarpu sporto – kovos/karo. / The purpose of the qualitative and quantitative analysis is to compare the German and Lithuanian headline types, to present the tendency of the ellipsis use in headlines and to analyse quotations and metaphors in headlines. 200 headlines from Süddeutsche Zeitung and Lietuvos rytas were chosen for the analysis. The analysis showed that the structure of the headlines in the German newspaper is different than in the Lithuanian newspaper, but they have the same intention – to inform about the subject of the article. The syntax analysis showed that ellipsis is an usual phenomenon in the headlines, but it comes in the German headlines more often than in the Lithuanian headlines. The third topic of the analysis was the quotations: there are more quotations in the German headlines than in the Lithuanian headlines. The last subject of the analysis were metaphors: 18,7% of the German and 27,3% of the Lithuanian headlines are metaphorical. In the economy column comes mostly the plant-metaphor and in the sport column comes mostly the war-metaphor.

abstract: Today's competitive markets force companies to constantly engage in the complex task of managing their demand. In make-to-order manufacturing or service systems, the demand of a product is shaped by price and lead times, where high price and lead time quotes ensure profitability for supplier, but discourage the customers from placing orders. Low price and lead times, on the other hand, generally result in high demand, but do not necessarily ensure profitability. The price and lead time quotation problem considers the trade-off between offering high and low prices and lead times. The recent practices in make-to- order manufacturing companies reveal the importance of dynamic quotation strategies, under which the prices and lead time quotes flexibly change depending on the status of the system. In this dissertation, the objective is to model a make-to-order manufacturing system and explore various aspects of dynamic quotation strategies such as the behavior of optimal price and lead time decisions, the impact of customer preferences on optimal decisions, the benefits of employing dynamic quotation in comparison to simpler quotation strategies, and the benefits of coordinating price and lead time decisions. I first consider a manufacturer that receives demand from spot purchasers (who are quoted dynamic price and lead times), as well as from contract customers who have agree- ments with the manufacturer with fixed price and lead time terms. I analyze how customer preferences affect the optimal price and lead time decisions, the benefits of dynamic quo- tation, and the optimal mix of spot purchaser and contract customers. These analyses necessitate the computation of expected tardiness of customer orders at the moment cus- tomer enters the system. Hence, in the second part of the dissertation, I develop method- ologies to compute the expected tardiness in multi-class priority queues. For the trivial single class case, a closed formulation is obtained. For the more complex multi-class case, numerical inverse Laplace transformation algorithms are developed. In the last part of the dissertation, I model a decentralized system with two components. Marketing department determines the price quotes with the objective of maximizing revenues, and manufacturing department determines the lead time quotes to minimize lateness costs. I discuss the ben- efits of coordinating price and lead time decisions, and develop an incentivization scheme to reduce the negative impacts of lack of coordination. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Industrial Engineering 2012

Manufacturing companies are continuously faced with requirements regarding technology novelty, shorter time to market, a higher level of functionality, and lower prices for their products. This is especially true of suppliers that develop and manufacture highly customized products within the automotive industry. It is not uncommon that a request for a new product or subsystem goes out to several suppliers and that the one that can deliver the product most quickly and at the lowest price receives the contract. It is therefore vital for any supplier to answer to quotation requests rapidly and with a high level of precision while also ensuring that company assets are used efficiently. Other issues that apply to suppliers in the automotive industry are heavily fluctuating requirements during development projects, each customer’s individual preferences, and the ever changing interfaces with the OEM product with which the supplier’s product is to be integrated. Platform strategies have been widely accepted in industry to serve a wide product variety while maintaining business efficiency. However, the challenge of applying a platform strategy at the supplier level in the face of the reality described above has not been fully investigated. Platform approaches tend to require a focused development of the platform, which in turn requires some knowledge about which future variants are to be derived from the platform. The research presented in this thesis investigates the state of practice in industry regarding the challenges, needs, and current use of platforms. To respond to the identified need, a platform approach is proposed that expands the scope of what a product platform has traditionally contained. This is undertaken to aid in the development of highly customized products when physical modules or component scalability does not suffice. The platform approach provides a coherent environment for heterogeneous design assets to be used in product development, supporting both the activity of designing and off-the-shelf solutions. The approach is based on identifying and modelling generic product items that are associated with descriptions governing their design. By describing the outcome of technology and product development like finished designs, design guidelines, constraints, etc., in a standardized format, the platform continues to evolve. To aid in using the platform approach, a support system called Design Platform Manager is introduced at a company active as a secondtier supplier in the automotive industry. The system enables the creation of generic product items that can be structured, instantiated, and associated with descriptions, which aids in realizing product variants. The aim of the platform approach and tool is to support the quotation and continued design processes by identifying valid knowledge to use as circumstances, such as requirement changes or new design iterations, warrant. The support tool and overarching model have been evaluated by company representatives, who reported good results.

The aim of this thesis is to approach and to outline the development of proverbs, idioms, and sayings in our territory, since their appearance in the translation of the Bible up to the present day, when they have been updated and modified. In the theoretical part we try to define the terminology on the basis of literature we have perused. The thesis also mentions the most important collectors of Czech proverbs (M. Červenka, J. Blahoslav, J. Dobrovský, F. L. Čelakovský, V. Flajšhans) and their paremiological works. The practical part presents the practical use of paremies. We have been working here with collected language material of journalistic and artistic functional texts. The thesis is supplemented by the results of the questionnaire investigation focused on the knowledge/ignorance, the understanding, and the use of these phrases in the present. In the end of this thesis there are additional attachments to some chapters (including synoptic tables with results of the survey, a demonstration of homework with phraseologisms, and the graphic representation of phraseologisms).

Esta pesquisa discute a obra de Jorge Guinle (1947-1987) e o diálogo que o artista travou com a pintura moderna e contemporânea brasileira e internacional. Argumenta que a pintura de Jorge Guinle, embora concentrada apenas nos últimos sete anos da vida do artista, estabeleceu um diálogo profundo com a arte do século XX, sem, com isso, deixar de se lançar a uma indagação de seu próprio tempo. / This research discusses the work of Jorge Guinle (1947-1987) and the dialogue the artist sustained with the Brazilian and international modern and contemporary painting. It argues that Jorge Guinle\'s painting, although concentrated only in the last seven years of the artist\'s life, established a profound dialogue with the art of the twentieth century, without failing, however, to undertake an investigation of its own time.

Orientador: Sergio Antonio da Silva Leite / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T03:51:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sirino_MarisadeFatima_D.pdf: 1563751 bytes, checksum: 2a1997995ce90a5fd0a3bd938d5b1ab4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa, realizada em uma escola pública estadual de Ensino Fundamental do Ciclo I, tem como objetivo identificar, descrever e analisar os atuais processos de exclusão intraescolar, possibilitando: ampliar o conhecimento sobre o assunto; compreender e apreender como as práticas, ações, representações e fazeres cotidianos têm reforçado e legitimado mecanismos de exclusão; desvelar as novas/velhas formas que o fracasso escolar está assumindo em nossas escolas. As políticas públicas implantadas nos últimos anos no Estado de São Paulo, com a finalidade de combater a exclusão e o fracasso escolar, tiveram um forte impacto no cotidiano escolar, principalmente porque reorganizaram o ensino em ciclos de progressão continuada, suprimindo a reprovação ao longo do ciclo e colocando a avaliação como central para a garantia do seu sucesso. Com isso, a evasão e repetência, até então alarmantes, diminuíram significativamente, mas a permanência do aluno na escola colocou em evidência um problema até então invisível: um grande contingente de alunos permanece na escola, mas não tem o aprendizado garantido. Este contingente de alunos passou a ser denominado de alunos que passam sem saber, tornando imprescindível o questionamento dos mecanismos intra-escolares produtores e mantenedores do fracasso e da exclusão escolar. Para a investigação do cotidiano escolar, optou-se pela pesquisa do tipo etnográfico que permite uma apreensão mais densa desse cotidiano. Desta forma, acompanhamos o cotidiano da escola pelo período de 1 ano letivo, realizando observações nas salas de aulas, aulas de reforços, reuniões de Conselho de Classe e, em outros espaços e eventos da escola, realizamos também entrevistas com professores e alunos. A análise dos dados permitiu a construção de 3 núcleos de análise - Práticas Pedagógicas, Reforço Escolar e Conselho de Classe - revelando a persistência de mecanismos excludentes no interior da escola. Em relação às Práticas Pedagógicas, observou-se que as concepções de ensino aprendizagem e avaliação não sofreram modificações ao longo da vigência da Progressão Continuada, prevalecendo o caráter seletivo e excludente dessas práticas. Em relação ao Reforço Escolar e ao Conselho de Classe - mecanismos criados, teoricamente, para incluir - notou-se que têm se constituído em elementos de dupla exclusão, pois funcionam para reforçar as idéias e preconceitos em relação aos alunos que apresentam problemas escolares. Desta forma, conclui-se que, apesar de a escola ter democratizado o acesso e a permanência, as condições necessárias para que essa democratização ocorra também em termos de aprendizagem e acesso ao conhecimento, ainda não foram conquistadas. / Abstract: This research, carried out in a primary public school, aims to identify, describe and analyze the current processes of intra-school exclusion, enabling: to increase knowledge about the subject; to understand and apprehend how the practices, actions, representations and daily activities have been reinforcing and legitimizing mechanisms of exclusion; to uncover the new/old shapes that the school failure has been taking in our schools. The public politics recently implemented in the state of São Paulo, with the aim of contending the exclusion and the school failure, have had a strong impact in the school routine, mainly because they reorganized the teaching process in cycles of continuous progression, extinguished failure through the cycle and placed evaluation as a central issue in order to guarantee its success. Then, the so far alarming evasion and failure significantly decreased, but the student's permanence at school evidenced an invisible problem until that moment: a great amount of students remains at school, but they do not have any guarantee of learning. This number of students has been identified as the students who are approved without knowing anything, what made necessary to put into question the intraschool mechanisms which produce and maintain the school failure and exclusion. In order to investigate the school routine, we decided to apply an ethnographic research which allows a deeper apprehension of this routine. Therefore, we followed the school routine for 1 year, observing regular lessons, reinforcement lessons, meetings of the Classroom Council and, in other school spaces and events, we carried out interviews with teachers and students. The data analysis allowed us to build 3 different parts of analysis - Pedagogical Practices, School Reinforcement and Classroom Council - revealing the persistence of exclusion mechanisms inside the school. Concerning the Pedagogical Practices, we observed that the conceptions related to the teaching-learning process and evaluation have not been modified through the period of validity of the continuous progression, prevailing the selective and excluding feature of those practices. Concerning the School Reinforcement and the Classroom Council - mechanisms theoretically build to include students - we noticed that they have been taking as double exclusion elements, as they work to reinforce the ideas and prejudices against the students who present school problems. Consequently, we conclude that, although the school has opened access and permanence, the conditions needed to put this democratization into practice, also in terms of learning and knowledge access, have not been acquired yet. / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

A presente dissertação visa repertoriar e fazer uma reflexão sobre obras e performances de música eletrônica experimental que utilizam músicas e gravações de músicas como material musical. Investiga a colagem musical enquanto prática, em suas diversas possibilidades de emprego. Contextualiza o tema, mostrando antecedentes na tradição da música europeia de concerto e nas artes visuais. Traça uma pequena cronologia a partir do repertório e realiza um histórico quanto às tecnologias empregadas. Introduz categorias importantes, como o sampleamento, o plunderphonics, a citação, o plágio e a intermusicalidade. Aborda o conceito de referencialidade e o coloca como importante fator composicional, relacionando-o a noções como reconhecimento, fontes sonoras e musicais, familiaridade, pastiche. Discorre sobre dois subtemas: o trio bricolagem, assemblagem e descolagem e o período pós-moderno. Conclui pensando a relação entre colagem musical e o caráter de incompletude dos artefatos musicais. / This research aims to make a repertoire of and a reflection upon works and performances of electronic experimental music that use music and musical recordings as compositional material. It investigates the practice of musical collage in its several possibilities of use. It starts by contextualizing the theme: showing some antecedents in the european concert music tradition and in the visual arts; making a small chronology from the repertoire and a historical account of the technologies employed. Introduces important categories such as sampling, plunderphonics, quotation, plagiarism and intermusicality. Addresses the concept of referentiality, treating it as an important compositional aspect and relating it with the notions of recognition, sound and musical sources, familiarity, pastiche. Explores two subthemes: the trio bricolage, assemblage, décollage and the postmodern period. In conclusion, thinks about the relation of musical collage and the incompleteness character of musical artefacts.