O presente trabalho avaliou a viabilidade do uso de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) provenientes da geração de dois traços de concretos distintos. Um Concreto Convencional-CC (traço em massa:1:2,94:3,56; a/c:0,61) utilizando cimento CP IV 32 e outro concreto de Alta Resistência-CAR (traço em massa:1:1,11:2; a/c: 0,22; com adição, aditivo e pó xadrez vermelho) utilizando cimento CP V-ARI. Após 28 dias de cura, 3 corpos de prova de cada traço foram submetidos ao ensaio de resistência a compressão axial apresentando em média para CC 21,02 MPa e para CAR 95,09 MPa. Os materiais de ambos os traços foram cominuídos através de um britador de mandíbula ajustado para granulometria menor que 19,1 mm e retido em 4,75 mm. Com isso, foram realizados ensaios de granulometria de cada traço, e misturados em volumes iguais para o beneficiamento do material. Os primeiros ensaios foram realizados no jigue a ar, porém os resultados apresentados foram insatisfatórios. Para o jigue à água ocorreu uma separação visível de 3 estágios (Topo, Meio e Fundo) Utilizando somente as camadas de topo e fundo, os agregados reciclados de concreto (ARC) foram utilizados para confecção de novos concretos. Os resultados apontaram que a aplicação do jigue à água possibilitou um beneficiamento do material para uso como agregado graúdo. Os ensaios de resistência à compressão, os concretos produzidos com a camada de fundo do agregado reciclado superaram os produzidos com agregado natural. Nos ensaios de módulo de elasticidade, os concretos com o agregado natural exibiram resultados melhores do que os reciclados do topo, porém para os concretos produzidos com os agregados do fundo, os módulos se igualaram aos dos concretos com agregado natural. No ensaio de absorção, o concreto reciclado mostrou uma absorção maior que o concreto natural. Para a carbonatação os concretos com agregados reciclados tiveram melhores resultados. As avaliações dos efeitos foram concludentes para o uso do jigue no beneficiamento do agregado reciclado de concreto (ARC). / The present work evaluates the feasibility of using Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) generated by two different concrete mixes, one being aconventional concrete-CC (mix:mass: 1:2, 94:3, 56, w/c: 0,61) using CP IV 32, and another being a high strength concrete - CAR (mix:mass: 1:1, 11:2, w/c: 0.22), with the addition of additive and red pigment) using cement CP V-ARI. After 28 days of curing, three test specimens of each concrete were submitted to the resistance test, presenting 21.02 MPa on average for CC and 95.09 Mpa for CAR. The materials of both mixes were comminuted by jaw crusher, and sieved to a particle size range of -19.1 mm + 4.75 mm. With this, granulometry, tests of each concrete were performed and the concretes were mixed in equal volumes for the application of the material processing. The first tests were performed by air jig, but the results were found to be unsatisfactory A visible separation of 3 stages (Top, Middle and Bottom) was achieved by use of water jig. Using only the top and bottom layers, Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) was added for the creation of new concrete. The results indicate that the application of the water jig made it possible to improve the material for use as a large aggregate. For the compressive strength tests, the concretes produced with the bottom layer of the recycled aggregate surpassed those produced with natural aggregate. In the modulus of elasticity tests, concretes with the natural aggregate presented better results than those recycled from the top. For the concretes produced with the bottom aggregates, the modules matched that of the concrete with natural aggregate. In the absorption test the recycled concrete showed a higher absorption than the natural concrete. For carbonation the recycled had better results. An evaluation of the results concludes in favor of the use of water jig for the recycling of concrete aggregates (RCA).

O presente trabalho avaliou a viabilidade do uso de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) provenientes da geração de dois traços de concretos distintos. Um Concreto Convencional-CC (traço em massa:1:2,94:3,56; a/c:0,61) utilizando cimento CP IV 32 e outro concreto de Alta Resistência-CAR (traço em massa:1:1,11:2; a/c: 0,22; com adição, aditivo e pó xadrez vermelho) utilizando cimento CP V-ARI. Após 28 dias de cura, 3 corpos de prova de cada traço foram submetidos ao ensaio de resistência a compressão axial apresentando em média para CC 21,02 MPa e para CAR 95,09 MPa. Os materiais de ambos os traços foram cominuídos através de um britador de mandíbula ajustado para granulometria menor que 19,1 mm e retido em 4,75 mm. Com isso, foram realizados ensaios de granulometria de cada traço, e misturados em volumes iguais para o beneficiamento do material. Os primeiros ensaios foram realizados no jigue a ar, porém os resultados apresentados foram insatisfatórios. Para o jigue à água ocorreu uma separação visível de 3 estágios (Topo, Meio e Fundo) Utilizando somente as camadas de topo e fundo, os agregados reciclados de concreto (ARC) foram utilizados para confecção de novos concretos. Os resultados apontaram que a aplicação do jigue à água possibilitou um beneficiamento do material para uso como agregado graúdo. Os ensaios de resistência à compressão, os concretos produzidos com a camada de fundo do agregado reciclado superaram os produzidos com agregado natural. Nos ensaios de módulo de elasticidade, os concretos com o agregado natural exibiram resultados melhores do que os reciclados do topo, porém para os concretos produzidos com os agregados do fundo, os módulos se igualaram aos dos concretos com agregado natural. No ensaio de absorção, o concreto reciclado mostrou uma absorção maior que o concreto natural. Para a carbonatação os concretos com agregados reciclados tiveram melhores resultados. As avaliações dos efeitos foram concludentes para o uso do jigue no beneficiamento do agregado reciclado de concreto (ARC). / The present work evaluates the feasibility of using Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) generated by two different concrete mixes, one being aconventional concrete-CC (mix:mass: 1:2, 94:3, 56, w/c: 0,61) using CP IV 32, and another being a high strength concrete - CAR (mix:mass: 1:1, 11:2, w/c: 0.22), with the addition of additive and red pigment) using cement CP V-ARI. After 28 days of curing, three test specimens of each concrete were submitted to the resistance test, presenting 21.02 MPa on average for CC and 95.09 Mpa for CAR. The materials of both mixes were comminuted by jaw crusher, and sieved to a particle size range of -19.1 mm + 4.75 mm. With this, granulometry, tests of each concrete were performed and the concretes were mixed in equal volumes for the application of the material processing. The first tests were performed by air jig, but the results were found to be unsatisfactory A visible separation of 3 stages (Top, Middle and Bottom) was achieved by use of water jig. Using only the top and bottom layers, Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) was added for the creation of new concrete. The results indicate that the application of the water jig made it possible to improve the material for use as a large aggregate. For the compressive strength tests, the concretes produced with the bottom layer of the recycled aggregate surpassed those produced with natural aggregate. In the modulus of elasticity tests, concretes with the natural aggregate presented better results than those recycled from the top. For the concretes produced with the bottom aggregates, the modules matched that of the concrete with natural aggregate. In the absorption test the recycled concrete showed a higher absorption than the natural concrete. For carbonation the recycled had better results. An evaluation of the results concludes in favor of the use of water jig for the recycling of concrete aggregates (RCA).

A exploração dos recursos naturais e a degradação do meio ambiente têm sido fonte de preocupação no âmbito mundial. A busca por soluções alternativas que não causem ou que diminuam os impactos ambientais tornou-se comum na sociedade. Nesse contexto, a pavimentação vem contribuindo significativamente com soluções alternativas para destinação final de diversos tipos de resíduos, principalmente os oriundos da indústria da construção civil que sempre foi uma das maiores geradoras. Os resíduos da construção e demolição (RCD) podem ser transformados em agregados reciclados de ótima qualidade e podem ser aplicados em diversos serviços de engenharia. Os agregados reciclados, segundo a NBR 15116 (ABNT, 2004), são separados em misto e de concreto (ARC). No Brasil existem poucas pesquisas com o ARC, no entanto, as que existem e as pesquisas internacionais relatam que uma característica marcante do ARC é a cimentação própria. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o comportamento mecânico, ao longo do tempo de cura, do agregado reciclado de concreto proveniente da Usina de Reciclagem de São Carlos e de sua mistura com um solo laterítico, a fim de utilizá-los na construção de pavimentos. O estudo envolveu a análise dos resultados de resistência à compressão simples, módulo tangente, módulo de resiliência, deformação permanente e índice de suporte Califórnia (CBR) de corpos-de-prova de ARC e da sua mistura com solo laterítico, moldados em diferentes energias de compactação e ensaiados com tempos de cura variados. Ao final, concluiu-se que o agregado reciclado de concreto (ARC) é uma alternativa para construção de bases de pavimentos, podendo também substituir o agregado natural da mistura solo arenoso laterítico - brita descontínua, muito utilizada nas rodovias do interior de São Paulo. / Natural resources exploitation and the environmental degradation are a worldly problem nowadays. Searching for alternative solutions is something usual in most countries. Pavement systems are now contributing significantly with these alternative solutions by using the waste of construction demolition. This specific kind of waste can turn into mixed recycled aggregate or recycled concrete aggregate. There are just few researches in Brazil about the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), however international researches have shown that this aggregate has a very characteristic and positive mark: self cementation. This research has got the objective of studying the mechanic behavior of the recycled concrete aggregate and its mix with lateritic soil on the construction of base pavements with different analytic basis. The study involved the analysis of the laboratorial tests results of the unconfined compressive strength, tangent modulus, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and California Bearing Ration (CBR) of RCA specimens and its mix with lateritic soil, molded in different compaction energy and tested in different curing times. In conclusion, this kind of recycled aggregate has proved to be a sustainable alternative for the natural aggregate in the construction of many roads in small cities of the State of São Paulo - Brazil.

Cette thèse présente un ensemble de travaux de recherche en économie politique qui s’inscrivent dans le champ contemporain de la littérature sur la malédiction des ressources naturelles dans les pays en développement. Elle s’intéresse spécifiquement aux liens entre les rentes des ressources naturelles et les institutions politiques et les conflits, puis entre les rentes et la pauvreté sous ses différentes formes. Son champ géographique se situe à plusieurs niveaux, international pour un groupe de pays en développement, monographique et infranational pour le Tchad et ses régions. La première partie, en s’inspirant des théories des changements institutionnels, teste l’hypothèse que les rentes issues de différentes ressources naturelles ont des effets différenciés sur la qualité des institutions dans les pays en développement. Par la suite, elle teste l’hypothèse d’un « système de conflit régional » dans le Triangle République Centrafricaine, Tchad et Soudan. La deuxième partie évalue le dispositif « original » de gestion des revenus pétroliers sur différentes dimensions de la pauvreté au Tchad sur des données d’enquêtes de terrain. Le premier chapitre de cette partie teste l’hypothèse d’un biais urbain dans l’allocation de temps des enfants dans un contexte pétrolier au Tchad. Alors que le second est dédié à l’évaluation de l’impact de l’exploitation pétrolière sur le profil de la pauvreté dans la région productrice en utilisant les méthodes quasi-expérimentales d’évaluation d’impact. / This thesis is a collection of political economy research topics fitting into the contemporary field of literature on the natural resource curse in developing countries. The thesis focuses primarily on the links between natural resource rents and political institutions, before studying the impact of oil resource rents on poverty under its different forms. The geographical scope of the thesis is both macro for a group of developing countries, and micro in the case of Chad and its regions. The first part, drawing on institutional change theories, tests the hypothesis on whether rents generated by natural resources have a detrimental effect on institutions in developing countries, by considering different types of natural resources characterized by their different degree of appropriability. Besides, we evaluate the hypothesis of a "regional conflict system" in the “tormented Triangle” which includes Central African Republic, Chad and Sudan. The second part assesses the impact of the “unusual” system for allocating and managing the expected oil income from the Doba Oil project on many aspects of poverty in Chad by using field survey data. As such, the first chapter of this part tests the hypothesis of an urban bias in children's time allocation in the oil context in Chad. Regarding the second chapter, it investigates the impact of oil extraction on poverty profile in the oil producing region by using quasi-experimental evaluation methods.

Diploma thesis deals with solving of the problem with heat shield used in a turbocharger for heavy duty vehicles. The description of the problem origin with focus on environmental standarts and therefore a need of changes in turbocharger construction, is included. Further, the procedure for finding the component failure causes using the results of stress tests and analyses performed is described step by step. Most of the practical part is focused on a use of quality tools for finding a root cause of heat shield failure and also on advanced material analysis, verifying the results from quality analysis performed. An the end of the thesis there are suggested and accepted measures for elimination of similar failure recurrence and recommendations for further development.

The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) has gained increased attention in the past few decades as an alternative to decrease the carbon footprint of concrete construction. Yet, most of the research performed so far demonstrates that RCA concrete displays inferior performance in the fresh and hardened states when compared to conventional concrete (CC). The latter is believed due to the fact that very often the different microstructure of RCA is not accounted for while the mix-proportioning of RCA concrete. Recently, a number of mix-design procedures accounting for RCA microstructure have been proposed. Amongst them, the Equivalent Volume (EV) method seems to be quite promising. The EV method may proportion RCA concrete made of coarse (CRCA) or fine (FRCA) RCA and is based on a companion CC. Previous research has demonstrated that the fresh and hardened properties of EV mix-designed CRCA are suitable for structural applications. Yet, very few research, analysis and quantification have been conducted on the fresh behaviour of EV mix- proportioned FRCA concrete. This work presents a comprehensive study on the rheological behaviour of EV mix-designed CRCA and FRCA concrete presenting distinct features (i.e. inner qualities, mineralogy, fabrication process, etc.) through the use of a planetary rheometer (IBB). Results show that the EV is capable of proportioning low embodied energy CRCA and FRCA concrete with shear thinning profiles. The latter suggests that these mixtures are suitable for applications under high torque regimes such as vibrated or pumped concrete.

La présente thèse propose une étude comparative des langues bantu A80 (aussi appelées « makaa-njem »). Celle-ci répond à un double objectif : proposer une synthèse des connaissances linguistiques (et des disciplines connexes) sur les langues du groupe A80, en apportant des données et analyses nouvelles pour le bekwel du Gabon, d’une part et présenter les résultats d’une étude comparative sur deux niveaux – synchronique et diachronique – d’autre part. La comparaison prend en compte huit langues A80 : le shiwa, le kwasio, le bekol, le makaa, le konzime, le njem, le bekwel et le mpiemo. Cette étude comparative adopte en premier lieu une perspective synchronique (correspondances « horizontales ») pour ensuite aborder les données sous un angle diachronique (correspondances « verticales », reconstructions et réflexes). Elle porte sur la phonologie et plus marginalement sur la morphologie nominale et verbale. L’étude se base également sur un lexique de 1029 cognats établis à partir de données de premières mains pour le bekwel et de données issues de la littérature spécialisée pour les autres langues. Les données ont été traitées à l’aide des outils du site du projet RefLex. La première partie de la thèse constitue une synthèse globale des connaissances sur les langues A80 et sur le bekwel en particulier. La deuxième partie présente le corpus (modalités de constitution, puis nature, provenance et traitement des données) et une série d’esquisses phonologiques (et morphologiques) synthétiques pour les huit langues élaborées sur la base des données collectées et/ou rassemblées. La troisième et dernière partie présente les résultats de l’étude comparative. Celle-ci met en lumière les processus morphologiques et phonologiques qui ont façonné les langues du groupe makaa-njem au cours de leur évolution. Au niveau morphologique, on relève une simplification du système des classes nominales (due à l’intégration de plusieurs anciens préfixes aux bases démultipliant le nombre de préfixe zéro), de nombreux cas de reclassement, le rôle d’anciens préfixes nasals dans le dévoisement des occlusives en initiale de base nominale ainsi que l’émergence de mi-voisées en bekwel. Au niveau de la phonologie, on observe une tendance au monosyllabisme plus ou moins avancé selon les langues. Celle-ci s’explique par l’étude diachronique qui met en évidence que les langues A80 ont souvent subi la chute de la voyelle finale (V2) ou parfois même de la syllabe finale. La voyelle initialement en V2 est généralement maintenue d’une manière ou d’une autre par des anticipations qui peuvent prendre plusieurs formes : diphtongaisons, séquences V11-V12 (parfois avec dévocalisation de V11), nouveaux timbres par coalescence, etc. Enfin, la conclusion de la thèse récapitule les principaux résultats concernant la morphologie, la phonologie et le lexique, et montre comment ces résultats pourront être utiles pour l’analyse et la description (futures) des langues A80. / This thesis presents a comparative study of the Bantu languages of the A80 group (also known as Makaa-Njem). The goal of the thesis is two-fold: (i) offer a synthesis of the state of knowledge in linguistics (and related disciplines) about the languages of the Bantu A80 group by adding new data and analysis for the Bekwel language of Gabon ; (ii) present the results of a comparative study at the synchronic and diachronic levels. The comparative study includes eight A80 languages: Shiwa, Kwasio, Bekol, Makaa, Konzime, Njem, Bekwel and Mpiemo. The study adopts in the first place a synchronic perspective ("horizontal" correspondences) then approaches the same data from a diachronic point of view ("vertical" correspondences, reconstructions and reflexes), focusing mainly on phonology, and to a lesser extent, on nominal and verbal morphology. It is based on a 1029 cognate lexicon established on the basis of first-hand data for Bekwel and published data for the other languages. Data was processed using the online tools of the RefLex project.The first part of the thesis establishes a general summary of the knowledge on the Bantu A80 languages and on Bekwel in particular. The second part presents the corpus (gathering methods then nature of the data, sources and processing) and a series of concise phonological (and morphological) sketches for all eight languages constituted on the basis of the collected and/or compiled data. The third and final part presents the results of the comparative study. It brings into light the morphological and phonological processes that have shaped the languages of the Makaa-Njem group through their evolution. At the morphological level, it reveals a process of simplification of the noun class system (due to the assimilation of old prefixes into the stems leading to an increase in the number of zero prefixes), numerous cases of re-classification and the role of old nasal prefixes in occlusive devoicing stem initially as well as the mergence of semi-voiced consonants in Bekwel. At the phonological level, a tendency to monosyllabicity can be observed, at a greater or lesser extent depending on the language. This finds an explanation in the diachronic analysis that shows that the languages of the A80 group often were subject to final vowel dropping (V2), in some cases even the whole final syllable. The vowel originally in V2 is generally preserved thanks to anticipations of various types: emergence of diphthongs, V11-V12 sequences (sometimes including devocalization of V11), new vowel quality by fusion, etc. Finally, the conclusion of the thesis summarizes the main results with regards to morphology, phonology and the lexicon, illustrating how these results will be useful for (future) analyses and descriptions of languages of the A80 group.

Cílem této práce bylo popsat řízení bezpečnosti a kontrolní mechanizmy, které jsou používané v korporátním prostředí. Práce se zabývá teoretickým popisem standardů používaných pro aplikační bezpečnost, dále popisuje nástroje určené pro získavání informací o firemním prostředí, které mohou být použity pro odhalovaní bezpečnostních zranitelností, nebo pro jejich odstranění. Také popisuje procesy, kterými se mají společnosti řídit, aby byla minimalizována možnost dopadu na produkci a rovněž zaručena trvalá bezpečnost prostředí. Uvedené jsou i kontroly dosažených výsledků při použití nových technologií a jejich finanční i časové výhody.

針對「有害廢棄物污染與環境管制政策」的論述主軸，本研究除歷史地探究戰後台灣有害廢棄物污染問題的形成脈絡之外，並選擇「桃園RCA土壤及地下水污染事件」為研究個案，探究在該等污染事件發生之後，如何被定義及解決的具體過程，並闡述地方社區民眾的訴求與心聲；最後則是總結前述研究結果，論述研究個案的政策意涵，並針對「土壤及地下水污染整治法」以及相關的環境管制政策建構提出批判性的思索。 首先，本研究指出有害廢棄物污染此一結構性的問題其實反映了戰後台灣所謂「優良投資環境」的利基之一－相對低廉的環境成本，表現於外便是長期放任與形式化的環境管制。並且，在相關污染事件陸續爆發的1990年代，事態的嚴重性已然超乎政府的能力所及，故而在「私有化」的政策取向之下，政府企圖利用各種「獎勵投資」的策略，例如稅賦減免、放寬 / 簡化土地使用管制、國營事業土地釋出、加強查緝以穩定廢棄物的供給量等措施，藉以扶植民營廢棄物清理業者，並且巧妙地將廢棄物的生產與整體的資本擴大再生產連結了起來。可以預見的是，此一策略或許在短期內可以稍微抑止事業廢棄物流竄的問題，然而卻更進一步地深化了「大量生產－大量消費－大量棄置」的資本主義運作邏輯，絲毫無助於更積極地從源頭減少污染危害的產生。 其次，透過對「桃園RCA土壤及地下水污染事件」的考察，本研究指出戰後台灣具有強大相對自主性的政府雖然以各種政策工具創造出所謂「優良的投資環境」，但是彼等所依恃的環境管理體系偏重「事後管制」而無力於「事前預防」，使得鄰近污染場址的社區民眾、農民與勞工成為環境污染的直接受害者。在跨國資本「賺飽就跑」的移動邏輯，並將污染惡果轉嫁予地方社區之下，後者無異是與總體之「發展」脫勾的。繼而，觀諸污染整治之過程可知，該污染事件徹底地被設定為一個純粹的「技術」問題，由於風險詮釋權力的偏差動員，政府與資本藉由特定科學知識的引介與轉譯所啟動的「技術動員」，其實亦代表了特定「利益動員」之實現。換言之，在「權力動員 → 技術動員 → 利益動員」的過程中，與資本再生產攸關的變更開發利益被普遍化、極大化，地方社區民眾所可能遭致的污染危害則是被選擇性地詮釋，甚至於忽視。此一過程除體現出環境風險「在地化」的脈絡，亦隱含著環境污染所肇致的決策權力不平等，因為民眾們失去了直接參與瞭解，並決定攸關其生活之行動方針的權利與能力。而該等污染事件除指涉環境惡物的生產與分配外，更是和勞動安全、民眾健康、性別平等、社區發展、權力分派等關乎社會正義的問題密切相關，是一個「多元不平等」的公共議題，要解決環境污染所肇致的不平等，便不能忽略其他的社會不平等問題。 基於前述研究發現，本研究提出下列政策建議： 一、在相關污染整治的問題方面： 當污染場址受限於整治技術無法回復至先前狀態，污染行為人亦不須就損害負起賠償責任時，讓受污染土地變更使用應是可以接受的原則，否則土地的閒置將使地方社區再次成為最無辜的犧牲者。不過，為了使環境風險與開發利益能夠得到衡平的考量，整治決策及土地使用變更審議過程中應適度納入民眾參與機制，其意見亦應被尊重與採納，而不是被選擇性地忽略或詮釋，以強化決策之正當性。 二、 在「土壤及地下水污染整治法」之修正方面： （一）管制手段應考量整體工業體系之生產過程，俾積極地從源頭減少 污染危害。 （二）應以「無過失賠償責任」作為追索污染責任之原則，而溯及既往責任應擴及污染之損害賠償責任，賠償範圍亦應增列自然資源之損害。 （三）在公害行政救濟上，相關之污染受害賠償法制、污染補助（償）基金及環境損害強制責任保險等制度，應儘速予以研訂。 （四）在資訊公開與民眾參與方面，應在肯認受污染影響之地方社區民眾擁有「充分資訊的權利」、「公開聽證的權利」、「民主參與及社區團結的權利」、「賠償的權利」，以及「污染清除與被破壞環境復原的權利」等公民權的基礎之上進一步予以強化。 （五）中央政府應適度下放人力、財力與權力，以強化地方政府執行污染防治或整治之能力。 （六）結合污染整治與土地再利用之原則應以更積極、實質的民眾參與為主導。 三、在相關環境管制政策之建構方面： （一）為了打破決策權力不平等所加諸於弱勢者的「環境不正義」，本研究主張政策的制定 / 執行通常是一種主觀的價值選擇，而非如科技決定論者所謂的客觀事實之認定。在一個民主的社會裡，選擇的權力應該保留在民眾的手中，也唯有經由民主的參與才可以促進理性目標的達成。 （二）在相關污染事件的整治過程中，科技專家的角色應該不再是決策的「仲裁者」或「決定者」，而是各種民眾參與機制的「促進者」；並且，彼等的基於高深的統計數據或模式之論述典範亦應稍作轉化，俾使民眾能夠更清楚地瞭解科學論述的意義，而非反倒成為其參與之障礙。 （三）正因有害廢棄物污染危機實源自於資本的生產決策（其將污染惡物之處理成本外部化），進而在既有環境管理系統無法控制經濟事務的窘境之下，唯有藉由民眾參與的不斷實踐來尋求「生產的民主化」，讓資本自行擔負起應有的處理責任，才是解決當前困境之道。質言之，民眾參與除了技術層次的探討（如哪些人參與？如何參與？參與程度為何？）之外，更應肯認的是其實質定位與意義（如決策權力的賦予或分享、風險論述之地位平等）。