Orientador: Renata Maria Facuri Coelho Marchezan / Banca: Arnaldo Cortina / Banca: Valdemir Miotello / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo maior caracterizar o leitor de Veja on-line, em comparação ao da revista impressa. O corpus é composto por 12 publicações, entre julho e outubro de 2004, das duas versões de Veja. Buscamos,por meio de uma perspectiva discursiva, lançar um olhar para as diferenças e semelhanças que constituem ambas revistas e para a relação que essas mudanças têm com o lugar preenchido pelo leitor. Para tanto, fundamentamos o estudo na obra de Mikhail Bakhtin, uma vez que, nesse contexto de reflexão, o leitor ganha um lugar destacado. Coerentemente com a perspectiva teórica adotada, não utilizamos, no estudo, pesquisas realizadas com os leitores do meio on-line; apenas seguimos as marcas discursivas e textuais presentes na própria revista, sempre comparada ao seu respectivo número impresso. A diferença mais evidente entre os dois veículos (impresso e on-line) está, sem dúvida, no suporte, entendido, aqui, tando no sentido do material físico em que ambos são apresentados - papel e tela - quanto no sentido de organização desse espaço material. Nesse aspecto, a forma de apresentação dos textos em janelas e não páginas é a diferença mais evidente. No entanto, o foco principal de nossa atenção recai sobre a relação do suporte com a articulação das vozes que constituem a revista, com os modos pelos quais se pressupõem o interesse, o desejo e a resposta do outro. É por esse caminho que compreendemos o universo on-line e caracterizamos seu leitor. / Abstract: This dissertation aims, as its main goal, to characterize the reader of online Veja, comparing them to the readers of the printed magazine. The corpus is composed for 12 publications between July and October of 2004 of the two versions of Veja. We searche, from a discoursive perspective, the differences and similarities that compose both magazines and the relations that these changes have on the reader's place. For this purpose, the study is based on the works of Mikhail Bakhtin, since, on his reflections, the reader has an emphatic position. According to this perspective, we don't use, in the analysis, any research with the readers of online magazine; we just follow textual and discoursive marks that are written in the magazine, comparing them with he printed Veja. The most evident difference between both magazines (printed and online ones) is in the media that must be understood in two ways: the physical place where they are exposed (paper and screen) and the organization that involves these places. In this aspec,the most clear difference can be seen in the presentation of the texts-windows instead of pages. However, our main focus is placed on the relation of the magazines spaces with voices articulation that build Veja (printed and online), besides the tricks by with the magazines presuppose the interest, the desire and the reply of the reader. It os for this way that we comprehend the online universe and we characterize its reader. / Mestre

The achievement gap has long been viewed as a persistent shortcoming of the public education system in the U.S. The achievement gap also highlights the challenges faced by Latino populations with educational achievements and future employment prospects. The purpose of this multiple-case study was to describe how four Latina adolescents, each of whom identified herself as a struggling or “not good” reader, reauthored their reading identities by acting as reading tutors to elementary students. This study combined elements of narrative inquiry with multiple case study research. The four participants—Paula, Lucia, Cassandra, and Amaia (all names are pseudonyms)—were selected from a cross-age tutoring program for Latino youth called Latinos in Action located in the state of Utah. As part of this class, ninth-graders received training on how to provide tutoring in reading to elementary students, and they tutored elementary students twice per week for 30 minutes. The participants underwent 6 months of tutoring. Prior to tutoring, the participants were interviewed to ascertain how their reader identities had developed through adolescence. Subsequent interviews with the participants, teachers, and family members, in addition to observed tutoring sessions, illustrated ways that tutoring provided an avenue for the participants to re-author their reader identities. Using these data, I worked with participants to develop narratives regarding their reading experiences and identities. I used an a priori Bakhtinian framework to explain what I viewed in the narratives, with conclusions confirmed by each participant. Finally, I used constant comparative analytic methods to identify common themes across the participants’ stories. From the analysis, I identified five major themes as the findings of this study: examples at home, school as authoritative, fluent oral reading in English, reading aloud in tutoring, and changes in reading practices. The process of tutoring younger students provided a place, within the authoritative space of the school setting, where the participants were able to practice this skill. The results of this study indicated that educators and policy makers can look to cross-age tutoring as one method to provide adolescent, struggling readers with opportunities to positively adjust their reader identities.

本文擬由後設小說觀點探討蕾莘的作品《金色筆記》。本文詮釋的模式主要分為三類：結構、語言及讀者定位。旨在討論真相與虛構的界線、語言的不確定性、環套結構、諧擬策略以及讀者與作者、文本之間的互動性。 後設小說常運用顛覆讀者習以為常的傳統閱讀習慣。藉以揭露作者之虛擬創作過程，突顯創作的虛構性，無涉真實人生。《金色筆記》不論在內容及題旨上皆敏銳反應此種高度自覺意識，拒絕讓讀者耽溺在作者編織的想像空間裡。藉由諧擬傳統的文類，一方面使讀者不致產生強大的拒斥感；另一方面又刻意使讀者的期待落空，藉此逼迫讀者跳脫閱讀文本的被動習性，進而成為另類文本創作的開端。 / This thesis attampts to probe into Doris Lessing's most renowned work, ~u2;The Golden Notebook~u1;, in the context of metafiction writing. The main body of the thesis is divided into three main parts--language, structure, and the role of the reader. The main concern of this paper is to discuss the division between truth and illusion, the indeterminacy of language, the Chinese box structure, the device of parody, and interrelationship between author, reader and text. By questioning the issue that the reader is habitually used to be passive and by laying bare the process of writing, the metafictionist fictions manifest the fact that the fictional world tends to be a fictive construct rather than a duplication of a real world. Formally and thematically, ~u2;The Golden Notebook~u1;, reflects the spirit of self-consciousness, preventing the reader from being immersed in the fictional world fabricated by the author. By parodying the conventional novels, ~u2;The Dolden Notebook~u1; at first provides the sense of familiarity to lessen the anxiety of the reader; and then it attempts to frustrate his/her expectation by making the text in an unconventional way. In so doing, the role of the readercan be transformed from a passive consumer into an active This thesis attampts to probe into Doris Lessing's most participant. renowned work, the Golden Notebook~u1;, in the context of metafiction writing. The main body of the thesis is divided into three main parts--language, structure, and the role of the reader. The main concern of this paper is to discuss the division between truth and illusion, the indeterminacy of language, the Chinese box structure, the device of parody, and interrelationship between author, reader and text. By questioning the issue that the reader is habitually used to be passive and by laying bare the process of writing, the metafictionist fictions manifest the fact that the fictional world tends to be a fictive construct rather than a duplication of a real world. Formally and thematically, ~u2;The Golden Notebook~u1;, reflects the spirit of self-consciousness, preventing the reader from being immersed in the fictional world fabricated by the author. By parodying the conventional novels, ;The Dolden Notebook at first provides the sense of familiarity to lessen the anxiety of the reader; and then it attempts to frustrate his/her expectation by making the text in an unconventional way. In so doing, the role of the readercan be transformed from a passive consumer into an active participant and creator.

The exegesis accompanies a thesis, the latter being the portfolio of work consisting of two parts, each being a completed first draft of a novel written during the Masters of Creative Writing course: Part 1: ‘Sandcastles’ - a 'closed' text novel Part 2: ‘The Postmodern Rules For Family Living’ - an 'open' text novel These two works are separately bound with a thesis cover sheet and numbered. They are embargoed until 30 June 2011. The exegesis covers the writer’s motivation for writing these works, reflections on the course of development and changes in thinking that occurred during research and the act of writing. It shows the changing perspectives of the writer’s two thesis works in context and in contra-distinction to each other. It includes the writer’s academic and creative goals as they developed and the result achieved in terms of those goals. It highlights the writer’s developing interest in literary theory including suggesting an ephemeral adjunct to Reader-Response theory which is described as 'Collapse'. It shows the development of the writer’s deep interest in reality in fiction versus the lie in fiction and in the differences between writing and reading a creative work produced primarily for entertainment versus work of a literary nature, identifying some of the differences in features the writer has perceived.

<p>I en enkätundersökning har jag undersökt om det finns något samband mellan upplevelsen av kön hos den okönade autodiegetiska berättaren och författarens kön i två dikter av David Uppgren och Mariam Naraghi. Jag kom fram till att så inte var fallet utan att det fanns större bevis för att läsarna i huvudsak projicerade sitt eget kön på berättarrösten. Sedan analyserade jag även enkätsvaren för att undersöka vad i dikterna som avgjorde om berättarrösten upplevdes som man eller kvinna. Det framkom att stereotypa uppfattningar om kön låg till grunden för majoriteten av läsarnas upplevelse. Efter detta applicerade jag stereotyperna på dikten för att se om diktens innehåll påverkades av om berättarrösten upplevdes som man eller kvinna. Utfallet tydde på att så var fallet och att det i synnerhet är märkbart i berättarröstens förhållningssätt till den fiktiva världen.</p>

I en enkätundersökning har jag undersökt om det finns något samband mellan upplevelsen av kön hos den okönade autodiegetiska berättaren och författarens kön i två dikter av David Uppgren och Mariam Naraghi. Jag kom fram till att så inte var fallet utan att det fanns större bevis för att läsarna i huvudsak projicerade sitt eget kön på berättarrösten. Sedan analyserade jag även enkätsvaren för att undersöka vad i dikterna som avgjorde om berättarrösten upplevdes som man eller kvinna. Det framkom att stereotypa uppfattningar om kön låg till grunden för majoriteten av läsarnas upplevelse. Efter detta applicerade jag stereotyperna på dikten för att se om diktens innehåll påverkades av om berättarrösten upplevdes som man eller kvinna. Utfallet tydde på att så var fallet och att det i synnerhet är märkbart i berättarröstens förhållningssätt till den fiktiva världen.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the ways in which a Swedish translation of an English text intended as a manual for health practitioners needs to be adapted in order to function as an informative text aimed at patients, their families and other laymen interested in the subject. Focus lies on adaption of terminology, style, and target reader perspective. For this paper, selected parts of an English source text were translated into Swedish, and different adaptions prompted by the change in genre, intended target reader and purpose of the text were noticed and subsequently analysed. In the analysis, it became clear that translation of terminology can be treated through addition, omission or generalization where subject specific terms are not relevant for the intended readers. Under the subject of style, formality level defined through the usage of nominalizations and passives was analysed, and here, modulation and transposition proved useful for adapting the formality level to better fit the purpose of the text. Under the category of target reader perspective, omission, generalization and modulation of different kinds were translation strategies used to turn the focus from the intended ST reader to the intended TT reader. Defining or re-defining the subject of different actions was also necessary to shift the perspective from one intended group of readers to another. Finally, the analysis showed that different kinds of adaption may be purposeful in different situations.

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The e-book reader has become one of the most popular consumer electronics goods since the Amazon Kindle first launched in the end of year 2007; it has led the trend of e-book worldwide. E-book reader not only sold very well in North America, the sales increased very fast in Asia and Europe. According to FIND (2010), the global total sales of e-book reader is 3.6 million pieces in 2009, and it increased almost 80% in 2010. This shows that the e-book reader has become more and more popular. Taiwan is the most important country of e-book reader supply chain, which not only predominate the key techniques and patent but also takes OEM / ODM orders worldwide. Despite the advantage of the hardware development, the use of e-book readers is not common in Taiwan. Therefore the purposes of this research are to explore the factors that would influence user¡¦s adaptive behavior of e-book readers. This research based on technology acceptance model (TAM), and extends with ¡§Compatibility¡¨, ¡§Observability¡¨ and ¡§Perceived complementarity¡¨ as external variables to investigate the factors influencing consumer usage of e-book reader. The analytical results are as below: 1. ¡§Compatibility¡¨ has positive significant effect on both ¡§Perceived Usefulness¡¨ and ¡§Perceived Ease of Use.¡¨ 2. ¡§Observability¡¨ has positive significant effect on both ¡§Perceived Usefulness¡¨ and ¡§Perceived Ease of Use.¡¨ 3. ¡§Perceived complementarity¡¨ has positive significant effect on both ¡§Perceived Usefulness¡¨ and ¡§Perceived Ease of Use,¡¨ but has no significant effect on¡§Behavioral Intention.¡¨ 4. Both ¡§Perceived Usefulness¡¨ and ¡§Perceived Ease of Use¡¨ have positive significant effect on¡§Behavioral Intention.¡¨

<p>Problem drafting: Is it possible to give the customer larger foundation for decision making of contemplated product by presenting more extensive and personal filtered information regarding the product, with the help of a personal RFID-reader?</p><p>Methodology: In this bachelor thesis, we used constructive research to build the prototype in which we used a conceptual-analytic approach to gather the information to build it. Empirical studies were used for evaluation.</p><p>Results: Our conclusion shows that even though it is possible to</p><p>increase the basis on which the customers make decisions, through a RFID system, there are several issues that need to be addressed and taken into consideration before making it possible to implement such a system.</p>