Proefskrif--PU vir CHO

Proefskrif--PU vir CHO

Manufacturing industry has made extensive use of simulation as a means of trying to model the impact of variability on manufacturing system behavior and to explore various ways of coping with change and uncertainty. Simulation helps find optimal solutions to a number of problems at both design and application stages of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS&rsquo / s) serving to improve the &ldquo / flexibility&rdquo / level The flexibility requirement of FMS necessitates the dissemination of every activity that concerns production, throughout all the levels of a company forcing almost every level of employee face with simulation software, either in terms of preparing models, modifying runs or evaluating results. This problem of inadequate capability of personnel to utilize simulation effectively can be overcome through the design of custom interfaces and integration of simulation software with everyday-use programs. This research mainly focuses on realizing the modeling and simulation of FMS&rsquo / s by the use of the existing system in Middle East Technical University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Laboratory as a test-bed. Additionally, the means of integration of simulation with auxiliary programs is demonstrated. The models developed throughout the study using ARENA&reg / are used to come up with different scenarios of production. Sample results and decisions about production issues that can be attained through the use of simulation are provided. The described model creation procedures, the generated models, and result assessments are expected to act as a guideline for other simulations regarding FMS&rsquo / s.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-18T21:55:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NiltonDaSilvaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 958277 bytes, checksum: 19bfc382cf705d57c47c4e9d73066b74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-21T19:20:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NiltonDaSilvaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 958277 bytes, checksum: 19bfc382cf705d57c47c4e9d73066b74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-21T19:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NiltonDaSilvaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 958277 bytes, checksum: 19bfc382cf705d57c47c4e9d73066b74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-19 / Este trabalho foi fruto da pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em M?sica da Escola de M?sica da UFRN sob a orienta??o do Dr. Andr? Luiz Muniz de Oliveira que buscou uma reflex?o acerca do gesto regencial e suas implica??es no que tange aos elementos objetivos e subjetivos da performance atrelados a uma gama de ferramentas regenciais concebidas de acordo com a tradi??o da m?sica hist?rica. Como ferramenta de an?lise gestual foi utilizado o m?todo PatternCube de Harold Farbermann. Foram utilizados v?deos dos regentes Pierre Boulez e Valery Gergiev, ambos regendo A Sagra??o da Primavera de Igor Stravinsky. Na an?lise dos v?deos observamos o uso t?cnico do aparato gestual dos regentes em detrimento do gesto musical fundamentado em Hatten. A pesquisa nos revelou a import?ncia do uso de ferramentas anal?ticas no aux?lio a subsidiar um direcionamento a performance na reg?ncia. / This work is the result of a master?s program research developed in the post graduation program in music at the Music School of the UFRN ( Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte) under the orientation of Dr. Andre Luiz Muniz de Oliveira which aimed at making a reflexion about regency gestures and its implications about the objective and subjective elements of the performance connected to a number of regency tools concieved in accordance with the tradition of historic music. As a tool for gestual analysis we?ve used the Harold Farbermann PatternCube method. We?ve used videos from conductors Pierre Boulez e Valery Gergiev, both conducting Igor Stravinsky?s Rite of Spring. In the analysis of the videos we?ve observed the technical use of the gestual aparatus instead of the use of musical gestures fundamented in Hatten. The research showed us the importance of the use of analitical tools in helping subsidise a direction in performance in regency.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-02T15:55:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FellipeRafaelCarnaubaTeixeira_DISSERT.pdf: 9600769 bytes, checksum: 8a4ff32e18ee35c48b1dc2398f1a1882 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-09T21:36:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FellipeRafaelCarnaubaTeixeira_DISSERT.pdf: 9600769 bytes, checksum: 8a4ff32e18ee35c48b1dc2398f1a1882 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T21:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FellipeRafaelCarnaubaTeixeira_DISSERT.pdf: 9600769 bytes, checksum: 8a4ff32e18ee35c48b1dc2398f1a1882 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo relatar, de forma detalhada, o processo interpretativo do regente a partir da ?tica do autor deste trabalho, utilizando como objeto de pesquisa a obra Appalachian Spring (1944), do compositor norte-americano Aaron Copland (1900 ? 1990). O questionamento motivador desta pesquisa ? sobre como se d? o processo interpretativo do regente, visto que este n?o disp?e do aparato da orquestra no momento de prepara??o da obra. O primeiro cap?tulo - a introdu??o - apresenta um estudo sobre a interpreta??o musical de forma geral: os objetivos, a justificativa e a metodologia. No segundo cap?tulo - desenvolvimento da pesquisa - h? tr?s pontos de estudo: um sobre a constru??o da sonoridade orquestral por parte do regente - como se configura, os passos, dificuldades e import?ncia desse processo para a realiza??o musical; um estudo sobre os sil?ncios musicais e a import?ncia de sua observa??o para a interpreta??o da obra; e, por ?ltimo, a an?lise do repert?rio gestual empregado pelo regente na obra em quest?o. Ainda no desenvolvimento, o trabalho traz o relato da experi?ncia do autor sobre como se deram seus ensaios e sua perspectiva at? o concerto. No terceiro cap?tulo, h? a conclus?o da pesquisa. Nos anexos, estar? presente a partitura com as marca??es de estudo do autor do trabalho. / The present research aims to report in detail the interpretive process of the conductor, from the perspective of the author of this work, using the work Appalachian Spring (1944) by the American composer Aaron Copland (1900 - 1990). The motivating question of this research is about how the interpretative process of conductor takes place, since it does not have the apparatus of the orchestra at the moment of preparation of the work. The first chapter, the introduction, presents a general study of the musical interpretation, the objectives, the justification and the methodology. In the second chapter, development of the research, there are three points of study: one on the construction of orchestral sonority on the part of the conductor, as it happens, the steps, difficulties and importance of this process for the musical accomplishment; a study on the musical silences and the importance of their observation for the work interpretation; and finally the analysis of the gestural repertoire used by the conductor in the work in question. Still in the development, the work brings the report of experience of the author on how he gave his rehearsals and his perspective until the concert. In the third chapter there is the conclusion of the research. In the annexes will be present the score with the markings of study of the author of the work

AFRIKAANS: Die doel van die proefskrif is ‘n ondersoek van die verskynsel van voordeel-toerekening en die ontwikkeling van ‘n betroubare voordeeltoerekeningsleer. Gevolglik word ‘n ondersoek na die bestaan, die klassifikasie en die grondslag van die toerekenbaarheid van voordele teenoor die skadevergoedingsaanspraak gedoen. Hiermee saam word ook ‘n ondersoek na sekere vergelykbare aspekte in die Engelse, Nederlandse en Australiese reg onderneem. Voordeeltoerekening verwys in die breë na daardie beoordelingsproses waarby gunstige newewerkings, as gevolg van die skadestigtende gebeurtenis, ten aansien van moontlike inagneming daarvan by die bepaling van skadevergoeding beoordeel word. ‘n Voordeel kan gesien word as ‘n gunstige newewerking as gevolg van ‘n skade- of voordeelstigtende gebeurtenis wat die benadeelde se vermoë vermeerder of meebring dat die vermoë nie verder verminder nie. Daar kan vandag geredelik aanvaar word dat daar geen enkele teorie is om voordeeltoerekening te verklaar nie. By bepaling van skadevergoeding behoort daar altyd vir die bestaan van verrekenbare voordele getoets te word. As vertrekpunt moet die voordeel 'n feitelike kousale verband met die skadestigtende gebeurtenis vertoon. Sou die voordeel nie in hierdie feitelike kousale verband staan nie, is die gevolg daarvan dat die voordeel as res inter alios acta of as kollateraal beskou kan word. Voordele wat wel aan die feitelike kousaliteitstoets voldoen, word nie summier verreken nie. Hierdie voordele word aan 'n verdere norm beoordeel. Die toerekeningsnorm word in die algemeen in beginsels van openbare beleid gevind. Openbare beleid is uiteraard 'n vae begrip waaraan ‘n meer konkrete inhoud en betekenis verleen moet word. Openbare beleid kan gesien word as verteenwoordigend van elemente soos redelikheid, billikheid en regverdigheid. Hierdie elemente moet teen die agtergrond van die bestaan van die behoeftes van die eiser, die verweerder, die bron van die voordeel en die gemeenskap se belange toegepas word. Hiervolgens kan voordele toegereken word, indien die vereistes van redelikheid, billikheid en regverdigheid dit dikteer. Dit is nodig om die voordeeltoerekeningsleer van 'n vaste teoretiese fondament te voorsien ten einde aan die voordeeltoerekeningsleer betekenis en praktiese werking te verleen. In die praktyk het die teoretiese onderbou en die aard van die verskillende voordele meegebring dat kasuïstiese voordeelklasse ontstaan het. Hierdie voordeelklasse kan volgens die aard en die kenmerke daarvan weer in voordeelgroepe toegedeel word. Elke voordeelgroep besit sy eiesoortige teoretiese kenmerke waaraan die voordeel getoets kan word vir kategorisering en die moontlike toerekening daarvan teenoor die skadevergoedingsaanspraak. Vyf voordeelgroeperings kan vir doeleindes van voordeeltoerekening onderskei word. Eerstens is daar pseudovoordele. Hierdie voordele is nie egte toerekenbare voordele nie maar is deel van die skadeberekeningsproses. Tweedens is daar kwantifiseringsvoordele wat ook nie egte voordeeltoerekeningsvoordele is nie maar algemene faktore of elemente behorende tot die skadevergoedingsreg ten einde skade meer akkuraat te bereken. As sodanig vorm hierdie faktore ook deel van die skadeberekeningsmaatstaf. Derdens word aanpassingsvoordele as egte voordeel-toerekeningsvoordele onderskei. Dit is voordele waarmee die voorlopige skade-vergoedingsbedrag aangepas word, ten einde die finale skadevergoedingsbedrag te kan bereken. Vierdens word skadebeperkingsvoordele geïdentifiseer. Dit is voordele wat na die skadestigtende gebeurtenis ontstaan en wat meebring dat die omvang van die skade beperk word. Hierdie voordele kan of aanpassingsvoordele of voordele behorende tot die korrekte skadeberekeningsmaatstaf wees. Vyfdens word kollaterale voordele onderskei. Dit is voordele wat na oorweging van 'n moontlike toerekening, nie tot die skadevergoeding toegereken word nie. Hierdie groepering is 'n blote resultaat van die nie-toerekening van die voordeel. Hierdie groeperings neem nie die plek van die reeds geïdentifiseerde voordeel-klasse in nie maar bestaan oorhoofs daartoe. Ten einde die hedendaagse diversiteit van voordele binne die raamwerk van 'n voordeeltoerekeningsleer te kan akkommodeer, is dit noodsaaklik om voordele te kategoriseer. ’n Voordeel kan dualisties gekategoriseer word na aanleiding van die individuele aard of karakter van die spesifieke voordeel en ook na die oorhoofse groepering daarvan. Hierdie kategorisering het tot gevolg dat voordeelklasse ontwikkel het na aanleiding van die soortgelyke aard van die voordele. Daar kan aan die voordeelklasse 'n eiesoortige identiteit gegee word wat 'n bepaalde klas van 'n ander klas kan onderskei. Uit die klassifikasie van voordele word riglyne aan die praktyk verskaf wat as beoordelingsmaatstaf kan dien, waaraan voordele ten opsigte van die toereken-baarheid daarvan in die sfeer van die skadevergoedingsaanspraak beoordeel kan word. So word erkenning aan die behoefte en die bestaan van 'n selfstandige voordeeltoerekeningsleer verleen. ENGLISH: The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is the examination of the phenomena of collateral benefits and the development of a reliable collateral benefit doctrine. Hence the inquiry into the existence, the classification and the basis for accounting of benefits against a claim for damages. Simultaneously an investigation is also undertaken regarding certain comparable issues in the English, Dutch and Australian legal systems. Collateral benefits in a wide sense refer to an evaluating process whereby the positive side-effects, caused by a damage-causing event, are being evaluated in respect of a possible deduction thereof against a claim for damages. A benefit can be seen as a positive side-effect as result of a damage or benefit-causing event which produces an increase of the injured person’s patrimony or is the cause that there is no further reduction in the value of the person’s patrimony. It can readily be accepted these days that there is no single norm or theory that adequately defines the doctrine of collateral benefits. It is therefore necessary, whenever damages are to be determined to test for the presence of accountable benefits. As point of departure the benefit must have a factual causal nexus between the benefit and the damage-causing event. The benefit can be regarded as being res inter alios acta or as collateral if it does not comply with the requirements of factual causation. Benefits which do comply with factual causation are not set off forthwith. These benefits must be evaluated against a further norm. The accounting norm is generally to be found in principles of public policy. Public policy is naturally a vague concept which requires a more concrete content and meaning. Public policy can be seen as comprising elements such as reasonableness, equity and justice. These elements must be applied against the backdrop of the needs of the plaintiff, the defendant, the source of the benefit and the interests of the community at large. Benefits can therefore be set off if the requirements of reasonableness, equity and justice are met. It is necessary to support the doctrine of collateral benefits with a sound theoretical basis with a view of giving the doctrine content and practical functionality. The theoretical basis and the nature of the various benefits resulted in practicable casuistic classes of benefits. These benefit classes can, according to their nature and characteristics, be divided in benefit groupings. Each benefit group has its own theoretical features whereby the benefit can be tested for categorizing and the possible set off against a claim for damages. Five groups of benefits can be distinguished for purposes of benefit accounting. The first are pseudo-benefits and are not real accountable benefits but are part of the process of establishing the actual damage. Secondly, there are quantifying benefits which are also not proper accounting benefits but general factors or elements which generally belong to the area of the law of damages and which are relevant in quantifying damage more accurately. These factors also form part of the measure of quantifying damage. Thirdly, it is possible to distinguish adjustment benefits as real accounting benefits. These are the benefits that adjust the provisional amount of damages with a view to calculating the final amount. Mitigating benefits can, fourthly, be distinguished. These benefits originate after the damage-causing event and limit the damage. These benefits can either be adjusting benefits or benefits allied to the applicable measure of damage. Then, fifthly, there are collateral benefits. These are those benefits that, after due consideration of a possible set off, are not accounted against damages. This group is a mere result of the non-accounting of the benefits. These groupings do not replace the classes already identified but are present in a superior position. It is necessary to categorize benefits to accommodate the diversity of them at the present time within the framework of the doctrine of collateral benefits. A benefit can be categorised dualistically in terms of the basis of the individual nature or character of the specific benefit as well as to its overhead grouping. This classification arranges the various classes of benefits on the basis of their similarity regarding the nature of the benefits. Each benefit class can be given a distinctive identity which distinguishes it from the other classes. Due to the classification of benefits a guideline can be provided to the legal practice that can be used as a measure to evaluate benefits for accounting against a claim for damages. On this basis acknowledgement is furnished for the requirements and existence of an independant collateral benefits doctrine. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Private Law / unrestricted

La realización de nuevas infraestructuras para la mejora de la eficiencia global del riego, deben de venir acompañadas de una gestión adecuada, ya que sin ésta no se justifican las grandes inversiones acometidas. Para optimizar el uso de todos los insumos que participan en el riego, agua, energía y fertilizantes, se necesita realizar un seguimiento de todos los procesos en que están implicados, con el fin de detectar los puntos débiles de la gestión y mejorarlos. Dada la gran cantidad de información requerida para ello, resulta recomendable desarrollar un Sistema de Soporte a la toma de Decisiones (DSS). Puesto que la mayoría de la información utilizada es de carácter espacial, los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) se muestran como la herramienta de trabajo más idónea para ello. En el trabajo desarrollado se describe la metodología seguida para la elaboración de un DSS orientado a la gestión del riego en redes a presión, denominado HuraGIS (Herramientas para el Uso Racional del Agua con el soporte de un GIS). Con este fin se ha diseñado primeramente un modelo de datos relacional, vinculado al propio tiempo con la información espacial. Para su implementación, se han desarrollado una serie de módulos que permiten la captura y edición de los datos, así como su depuración. Otros módulos de la aplicación HuraGIS permiten simular todos los procesos agronómicos del riego. Además, con el fin de reproducir los procesos hidráulicos se ha integrado el módulo de cálculo de EPANET. Finalmente, como herramientas de optimización se han incorporado librerías de programación lineal y de optimización heurística, como son los Algoritmos Genéticos. La metodología desarrollada se ha aplicado a un caso real de estudio, la Comunidad de Regantes de Senyera (Valencia). Para ello se tomaron los datos necesarios en campo y se introdujeron en la aplicación HuraGIS. En una primera fase se realizó un diagnóstico sobre la gestión llevada a cabo durante la campaña de riegos de 2006, media / Jiménez Bello, MÁ. (2008). Integración de los procesos agronómicos e hidráulicos del riego a presión en un entorno SIG para la gestión eficiente de comunidades de regantes [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4101 / Palancia

This thesis examines the problem of counting and describing walks in graphs, and the problem when such walks have modular restrictions on how many timesit visits each vertex. For the special cases of the path graph, the cycle graph, the grid graph and the cylinder graph, generating functions and regular languages for their walks and walks with modular restrictions are constructed. At the end of the thesis, a theorem is proved that connects the generating function for walks in a graph to the generating function for walks in a covering graph.

In public health, biomedical, epidemiological, and other applications, data collected are often measured with error. When mismeasured data is used in a regression analysis, not accounting for the measurement error can lead to incorrect inference about the relationships between the covariates and the response. We investigate measurement error in the covariates of two types of regression models.  For each we propose a fully Bayesian approach that treats the variable measured with error as a latent variable to be integrated over, and a semi-Bayesian approach which uses a first order Laplace approximation to marginalize the variable measured with error out of the likelihood. The first model is the matched case-control study for analyzing clustered binary outcomes. We develop low-rank thin plate splines for the case where a variable measured with error has an unknown, nonlinear relationship with the response. In addition to the semi- and fully Bayesian approaches, we propose another using expectation-maximization to detect both parametric and nonparametric relationships between the covariates and the binary outcome. We assess the performance of each method via simulation terms of mean squared error and mean bias. We illustrate each method on a perturbed example of 1--4 matched case-control study. The second regression model is the generalized linear model (GLM) with unknown link function. Usually, the link function is chosen by the user based on the distribution of the response variable, often to be the canonical link. However, when covariates are measured with error, incorrect inference as a result of the error can be compounded by incorrect choice of link function. We assess performance via simulation of the semi- and fully Bayesian methods in terms of mean squared error. We illustrate each method on the Framingham Heart Study dataset. The simulation results for both regression models support that the fully Bayesian approach is at least as good as the semi-Bayesian approach for adjusting for measurement error, particularly when the distribution of the variable of measure with error and the distribution of the measurement error are misspecified. / Ph. D.

_I The theory of impulsive di&reg / erential equations has become an important area of research in recent years. Linear equations, meanwhile, are fundamental in most branches of applied mathematics, science, and technology. The theory of higher order linear impulsive equations, however, has not been studied as much as the cor- responding theory of ordinary di&reg / erential equations. In this work, higher order linear impulsive equations at &macr / xed moments of impulses together with certain boundary conditions are investigated by making use of a Green&#039 / s formula, constructed for piecewise di&reg / erentiable functions. Existence and uniqueness of solutions of such boundary value problems are also addressed. Properties of Green&#039 / s functions for higher order impulsive boundary value prob- lems are introduced, showing a striking di&reg / erence when compared to classical bound- ary value problems of ordinary di&reg / erential equations. Necessarily, instead of an or- dinary Green&#039 / s function there corresponds a sequence of Green&#039 / s functions due to impulses. Finally, as a by-product of boundary value problems, eigenvalue problems for higher order linear impulsive di&reg / erential equations are studied. The conditions for the existence of eigenvalues of linear impulsive operators are presented. Basic properties of eigensolutions of self-adjoint operators are also investigated. In particular, a necessary and su&plusmn / cient condition for the self-adjointness of Sturm-Liouville opera- tors is given. The corresponding integral equations for boundary value and eigenvalue problems are also demonstrated in the present work.