Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-16T12:13:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria da Silva Gomes de Oliveira Lucio de Sousa.pdf: 6698738 bytes, checksum: f2df6c7f902a953a277d0ff45dac6e5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T12:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria da Silva Gomes de Oliveira Lucio de Sousa.pdf: 6698738 bytes, checksum: f2df6c7f902a953a277d0ff45dac6e5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work has two main aims. The first consists in the intention of contributing to the studies concerning the relationship between mankind and sound production, in order to favour the theoretical and methodologic process of construction in the field of Archaeology. The second aim is to use that to answer certain questions related to the desacralization process of the modern world in Western societies.During the postgraduate course in Archaeology, in the module on the ancient Roman world, the initial idea appeared as the theoretical and methodologic difficulties to study sound productions and their relation with men and society, in that period and in ancient contexts, was dealt with.Nowadays, new possibilities to make analyses on such questions are approached in the area of recent organological studies, in the field that belongs to Archaeomusicology and to the area of Experimental Archaeology, for studies related to the production of musical instruments based on archaeological and textual sources. Recently, the field of Ethnoarchaeomusicology has flourished as an important tool under development. I search, in this sense, to develop a study to analyse the relationship between men and sound production in the field of study of Brazilian Historical Archaeology; to that aim, sound artefacts related to the cultural tradition of communities were chosen. With that intent, three artefacts were selected: the Ika flute, used by the Bororo ethnic group; the Adjá, employed in rituals belonging to religions of African roots; and the Shepherd Rattle, used by the herdsman in the Northeast of Brazil.The three artefacts are related to contexts that carry the dimensions of the social and cosmological role of the sound they produce, and this fact qualifies them to the second purpose of this study, which is investigate the desacralization order that manifests itself in the contemporary world.I decided for the shepherd rattle, firstly by observing the peculiarities about such artefact, and secondly because of my previous contact with individuals from communities linked to cattle raising during a period of approximately ten years, between 1985 and 1995, when I settled down and worked as a teacher in the municipality of Patos, in the agreste region of the State of Paraíba.The established theoretical and methodological route was intended to meet four questionswhich were held as the main lines: the social reproduction behaviour related to the sound production of the artefact; the production processes subjected to interference; the relation between this sound production and the dimensions of the sacred and the artefact itself. In this trajectory, a interdisciplinary dialogue was developed, situating research fields from the disciplines of History, Anthropology, Ethnology, Brazilian Historic Archaeology, Organology and Acoustics in order to obtain substantial information and answer to the initially proposed questions / Este trabalho possui dois objetivos principais. O primeiro consiste na intenção de contribuir para os estudos que abordam a relação entre o homem e a produção de sons, para favorecer o processo de construção teórico e metodológico, no campo da Arqueologia. O segundo propósito é utilizar esta proposta para responder determinadas questões que estão relacionadas ao processo de dessacralização do mundo moderno, nas sociedades ocidentais.Durante o curso de Pós-Graduação em Arqueologia, na disciplina que trata do mundo romano antigo, surgiu aideia inicial, ao ter contato com as dificuldades teóricas e metodológicas para o estudo sobre as produções sonoras e a sua relação com o homem e a sociedade, naquele período e em contextos remotos. Atualmente, novas possibilidades de análise sobre estas questões são abordadas no campo de estudos organológicos recentes, no campo que pertence à Arqueomusicologia e ao campo da Arqueologia Experimental, para estudos relacionados à produção de instrumentos musicais com base em fontes arqueológicas e escritas. Recentemente, o campo da Etnoarqueomusicologia vem despontando como uma importante ferramenta em desenvolvimento.Busco, neste sentido, desenvolver um estudo para analisar a relação do homem com a produção de sons, no campo de estudo da Arqueologia Histórica Brasileira, tomando para tanto, um artefato sonoro relacionado à tradição cultural de uma comunidade. Para tanto, três artefatos foram selecionados: a flauta Ika utilizada pela etnia Bororo, o adjá utilizado nos rituais de religiões de matriz africana e o chocalho pastoril utilizado pelo vaqueiro no nordeste brasileiro.Os três artefatos estão relacionados a contextos que portam dimensões do papel social e cosmológico do som que produzem e este fato os qualificava para o segundo propósito deste estudo, qual seja, investigar a ordem de dessacralização que se manifesta no mundo contemporâneo. Decidi pelo chocalho pastoril, primeiro por observar as peculiaridades que envolvem este artefato e em segundo pelo meu contado anterior com representantes das comunidades ligadas à pecuária, no período de aproximadamente dez anos, entre 1985 e 1995, quando me estabeleci e atuei no trabalho docente, no município de Patos, no agreste do estado da Paraíba.O caminho teórico e metodológico estabelecido procurou se alinhar a quatro questões que foram mantidas como principais vetores: o comportamento de reprodução social relacionado à produção sonora do artefato, os processos produtivos nos quais interferiram, a relação entre esta produção sonora e as dimensões do sagrado e o artefato em si. Neste percurso,o diálogo interdisciplinar foi desenvolvido, situando campos investigativos originários da História, Antropologia, Etnologia, Arqueologia Histórica Brasileira, Organologia, e Acústica, para obter informações substanciais e responder os questionamentos propostos inicialmente

Automotive transmission rattle is the noise generated due to impacts between manual transmissions meshing gear teeth in the presence of backlash. It is considered to be a Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) phenomenon and is originated due to combustion irregularities (engine order vibrations), especially in diesel vehicles. This thesis focuses in the case of creep rattle for the MMT6 Ford Getrag transmission (six speeds plus reverse) with a DW10b, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, 2.0 litres diesel engine. This particular rattle condition is fundamentally similar to any other where an engaged gear is pertained (drive, over-run or float), with the 1st or 2nd gear engaged at a very low engine speed. The numerical models include an initial single degree of freedom (DoF) simulation. It comprises either of the engaged gear pair under Hertzian contact conditions or of a loose gear pair under hydrodynamic regime of lubrication. Once the validity of this model is established and correlated with the results obtained from a single gear pair test rig, simulations of increasing complexity can be envisaged. A 7 DoF numerical model is, therefore, developed. The Hertzian contact model still prevails for the engaged gear pair, whereas an analytical hydrodynamic solution is implemented for the remaining 6 loose gear wheels and Petrov s law is applied to the needle bearings retaining the gear wheels. With the aim of accommodating a fully lubricated model of all the tribological conjunctions, an analytical elastohydrodynamic (EHL) Grubin type algorithm is employed. Also, the energy equation is analytically solved for hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic conjunctions, based on the assumptions dictated by the Peclet number. Therefore, under hydrodynamic conditions, the energy equation is governed by viscous heating and convective cooling, whereas in the EHL conjunctions the governing terms are viscous and compressive heating, together with conductive cooling. The retaining needle bearings follow the same heat generation mechanism as journal bearings. The effective viscosity, as obtained from the Houpert s equation accounting for pressure and thermal effects, is fundamental for the study of the friction in the contact. The hydrodynamic contacts are only governed by viscous friction, whereas EHL conjunctions exhibit asperity iv interactions as well as viscous effects. The results obtained from this new 7 DoF model are then compared to the experimental measurements taken from the vehicle tests and various purpose-built drivetrain rigs. A metric named Impulsion Ratio is hereby introduced, aiming to shed some light into the predictions obtained by the various models presented. This metric is the ratio of driving over resistive forces acting on each individual gear wheel. Its use is tested to predict single or double-sided rattle scenarios and, therefore, ascertaining higher and lower rattle levels. The 13 DoF model from which these conclusions were obtained includes shafts planar translation and rocking moments. The rolling element bearings supporting the shafts are, therefore, modelled to capture the inherent frequencies arising from their motion. The final model introduces the effects of transient thermo-elastohydrodynamics. This 7 DoF dynamic model accounts for a numerical solution of Reynolds equation with Elrod s cavitation algorithm for simultaneous teeth in mesh. The results obtained validate the previously used Grubin assumption by comparing the predicted central film thickness along the full mesh of one tooth. Also, the effect of starved input conditions and thermal and isothermal solutions are studied.

Cette thèse porte sur le sì.cǎk-nɛ [sìcànἐ] (chants de hochet), un genre oral tagba à l’ouest du Bur ina Faso. Considérés comme des chants typiquement féminin, ce genre est exécuté lors des différentes manifestations du calendrier rituel tagba. Il est caractérisé par un instrument du même nom et constitue une forme de thérapie pour soigner des maladies récurrentes et des comportements déviants. Sa performance est ainsi prescrite à des femmes souffrant de maux multiples. Les chanteuses du genre constituent une consoeurie dont la hiérarchie se manifeste tant dans les rites spécifiques que dans la vie de la communauté des chanteuses ou dans leurs performances L’analyse du corpus de chants recueillis lors de différents séjours sur le terrain est conçue sous plusieurs axes. D'une part, celui des perceptions et la conception du monde chez les Tagba, d'autre part, celui de la performance. Enfin, le corpus est envisagé comme un ensemble de discours littéraires donnant lieu à une étude thématique et stylistique. Nécessitant une connaissance fine du parler de la communauté étudiée, ce dernier aspect prend appui sur une description linguistique qui constitue la première partie de ce travail. Au travers de toutes ces dimensions, l'ensemble de cette thèse s’attèle à dégager les significations sociales et culturelles qui entourent le genre oral sìcànἐ d’une part, les émettrices et l’instrument d’autre part Elle démontre que le sìcànἐ est un genre oral majeur qui véhicule les idéaux de la société tagba et peut être considéré comme une marque d’identité culturelle qui renferme la mémoire collective, le patrimoine culturel de cette société / This dissertation deals with the sì.cǎk-nɛ [sìcànἐ] (rattle songs), a Tagba oral genre in the west of Burkina Faso. These songs, typically feminine, are sung during ritual celebrations in the traditional Tagba calendar. The oral genre s cànɛ also means “rattle”, accompanied by an instrument of the same name and constitutes a therapy-li e form curing women’s recurrent diseases It is prescribed for women who suffer from troubles and suspicious behaviors. The women singers are organized in a hierarchy with order and rules like in a sisterhood.The corpus songs collected during different stays in the field will be analyzed from several points of view: that of the perception and conception of the world among the Tagba people on the one hand, that of the song performance on the other. Finally, the corpus is considered to be a set of literary discourses, objects of thematic and stylistic studies. Therefore, the first part of the dissertation is devoted to the linguistic description of the Tagba language, before pursuing the study of songs. Trough all these dimensions, this dissertation analyzes the social and cultural meanings of sìcànἐ as an oral genre on the one hand and the women singers and the instrument on the other hand. It demonstrates that the sìcànἐ is a main oral genre that conveys the ideals of the Tagba society and can be considered as a mark of cultural identity

This work deals with the matter of powertrain vibration reduction, focusing on the transmission. These units, depending on the purpose of utilization, consist of a high number of dimensionally complex components. These need to possess features, selected already in the design phase, which would guarantee smooth and quiet operation. A properly designed tooth profile and the related specified accuracy of manufacturing are one of the most important features. The basic function and the purpose of transmissions application indicate a relatively wide range of operating speeds and transmitted loads. Moreover, combination of both loading with improperly designed string’s parameter can cause a number of various problems. The vibration initiation with related noise from gear mesh belong to the most significant sources of issues. There are multiple mechanisms of oscillation initiation. Even when using the latest trends in the development of teeth, when their shape is upgraded and developed to meet specifically given load range, the above mentioned irregularity of transferred torque cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, it is necessary, already in the design phase, to eliminate the transmission paths by which are vibrations transmitting to other components. People perceive this action in the form of vibration, noise, or temperature change in the surroundings. With the increasing comfort levels and number of produced vehicles the reduction of vibration and noise of machinery parts becomes stricter, including gears. The experimental approach is primarily used to assess the accuracy of designed gearboxes, but it is a very expensive and a time consuming method. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a process that utilizes both numerical simulation and experimental approach but also combines the advantages of both, particularly time and cost savings and comparability of results. For this purpose, the experimental gearbox is designed and manufactured including the single-stage gear enabling variable configurations in terms of the ratio change. The gearbox is subjected to numerical simulation of different complexity levels, as well as technical experiment. Furthermore, the universal virtual prototype in Multi-Body System ADAMS is created, which reflects the impact of several key parameters for proper functionality, such as axial distance, backlash, gear mesh stiffness, shaft mounting stiffness (bearings) and modal properties of the shafts and gearbox housing. Last but not least, the impact of imbalance or irregularity of input shaft speed is incorporated. The last part focuses on a brief description of the application of the presented methodology – modelling of vibrations on the tractor gearbox.

I am fascinated by the inner thoughts, the memories, and the cumulative experience that make us each a complex physiological puzzle. From birth, sociological building blocks are constructed forming emotional walls and unexpected doorways, boundaries and comfortable passageways through the architecture of our personalities. My thesis work, which is comprised of ceramic figures and interactive toys, offers playful memory triggers and evocative spaces in which viewers can deconstruct the building blocks of their social persona.

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