Ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό ιστότοπων παράγεται και συντηρείται με χρήση Συστημάτων Διαχείρισης Περιεχομένου (Content Management Systems – CMS), τα οποία, εκτός από περιεχόμενο κειμένου, διαχειρίζονται και δομημένα δεδομένα. Από την άλλη, ο Σημαντικός Ιστός αν και έχει αρχίσει να γίνεται πραγματικότητα παραμένει σε εμβρυϊκό στάδιο σε σχέση με τον παραδοσιακό Ιστό. Η σύγκλιση των δύο κόσμων θα μπορούσε να αποφέρει τεράστια οφέλη και να πυροδοτήσει την ταχύτερη εξάπλωση του Σημαντικού Ιστού. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία καταγράφονται και μελετώνται τα πιο διαδεδομένα εργαλεία Σημαντικού εμπλουτισμού CMS, καθώς και μια σειρά από CMS που φέρουν εγγενή χαρακτηριστικά Σημαντικού Ιστού. Τέλος, υλοποιείται μια πρότυπη δικτυακή πύλη με τη χρήση της έκδοσης 7 του CMS Drupal, η οποία ενσωματώνει χαρακτηριστικά Σημαντικού Ιστού στον πυρήνα της (όπως αυτόματη ενσωμάτωση στις σελίδες που παράγονται του νεοσύστατου πρότυπου RDFa). / Currently a large number of Web sites are driven by Content Management Systems (CMS), which manage not only textual content but also structured data. On the other hand, even though Semantic Web is beginning to materialize, it is still dwarfed by the traditional Web. The convergence of the two worlds could produce significant benefits and trigger a faster spread of the Semantic Web. In the current diploma thesis, prevalent CMS semantic enrichment tools and a series of Semantic CMS are thoroughly examined. Finally, an experimental web portal is developed using CMS Drupal’s version 7, which integrates Semantic Web features in its core (such as the automatic embedding of the emergent RDFa standard in the pages created).

Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) is an established phase-change material that undergoes fast reversible transitions between amorphous and crystalline states with a high electro-optical contrast, enabling applications in non-volatile optical and electronic memories and optically-switchable structured metamaterials. This work demonstrates that optical anisotropy can be induced and recorded in pure and doped GST thin films using circularly polarised light (CPL), opening up the possibility of controlled induction of anisotropic phase transition in these and related materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications. While the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition in GST has generally been understood to proceed via a thermal mechanism, significant optical anisotropy (measured by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in this work) strongly suggests that there is an electronic athermal component of the phase change induced by the handedness of circularly polarised nanosecond laser pulses and implies the existence of chiral structures or motifs. Optically active and inactive regions in the films have also been studied using X-ray and electron diffraction and spectroscopic techniques in order to obtain a structural picture that can be correlated to the optical changes observed and the findings offer surprising evidence of the nature of the phase transition. Regions exhibiting higher CD signal intensities were found to be mostly amorphous with elemental phase separation observed within modified surface features. Several mechanisms are proposed for the observed phenomena, including the retention of chiral crystalline fragments in laser- irradiated and melt-quenched amorphous regions, which could explain the results of CD spectroscopy. This may be extended to other material systems and harnessed in potential metamaterials, plasmonics, photonics or chiroptical applications.

The web has evolved much through the years. From being a place where author and reader were clearly distinguished, it now invites everyone to take part in the development of both content and technology. Social services are central in what is called Web 2.0. Wikis, blogs and folksonomies are all examples of how the users and their communities are key to the development of services. Collaborative writing, tags and API:s are central. Social services are given an extra dimension through integration. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether it was possible to integrate an encyclopedia with a photosharing service. The issue was whether it was possible to find relevant images to the article they were connected to. The method for examining the issue was to create a service which functions was investigated through user tests. Wickrpedia was created, which is an integration of Wikipedia and Flickr. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia in the shape of a wiki, while Flickr is used to store, organize and share photos. The result shows that the images added someting to the encyclopedia; it became more entertaining and pleasant and the users’ knowledge was increased. The relevance of the images was good. The service can and should be improved. The conclusion is still that the service worked well and was seen as an improvement by the users. / Webben har förändrats mycket de senaste åren. Från att tidigare haft en tydlig uppdelning mellan läsare och författare inbjuds nu alla att delta i utvecklingen av både innehåll och teknik. Sociala tjänster är det centrala i det som benämns Web 2.0. Wikis, bloggar och folksonomies är alla exempel på hur användarna och deras gemenskap är nyckeln till utveckling av tjänster. Kollaborativt skrivande, taggar och API:er är centrala. Sociala tjänster får en ytterligare dimension genom integrering. Denna studies syfte var att utreda hur det gick att integrera ett uppslagsverk med en fotodelningstjänst. Frågan är om det gick att göra på ett sådant sätt att bilderna hade relevans för de artiklar de kopplades till. Metoden för att utreda frågan var att skapa en tjänst vars funktion undersöktes med hjälp av användartester. Wickrpedia skapades, vilket är en intregrering av Wikipedia och Flickr. Wikipedia är en encyklopedi i form av en wiki, medan Flickr används för att förvara, organisera och dela med sig av bilder. Resultatet visar att bilderna tillförde något till uppslagsverket; det blev roligare och trevligare och användarna fick en ökad kunskap. Relevansen hos bilderna var god. Tjänsten har brister, och den går att vidareutveckla. Slutsatsen var ändå att tjänsten fungerade och var en förbättring för användarna.

Knowledge is one of the most important values of companies, work-teams and other organizations. It is one of competitive advantages and so it is important to share the knowledge among individuals in the organization. The discipline of knowledge management deals with the issue of systematic work with knowledge and sharing for several decades. The sharing and finding of knowledge should be supported via suitable software tools, currently using the Internet network. This work deals with problematic of knowledge management from the viewpoint of different methods of software support. The text approaches the problem of sharing of knowledge in a hypertext form. The problem is solved not only on theoretical base, but also from the viewpoint of system design and implementation. The knowledge is saved in the form of "knowledge network" based on text contents, authors and keywords. The data are saved in the form of RDF graph using PHP and ARC2 Framework. The developed system will be used not only for support of dealing with knowledge in the courses of project management at University of Economics in Prague.

This thesis is focused on the distributed Big Data processing on the Java platform, together with graph databases. It analyses several graph database distributions and the possibilities to connect them to the Apache Hadoop system for distributed data processing. For the purpose of testing database solutions effectiveness, the thesis outcome is an application, which is downloading data from social networks Twitter and Facebook. It is able to write and analyse data with two different database frameworks which are Halyard and HGraphDB.

The goal of information extraction is to retrieve relational data from texts written in natural human language. Applications of such obtained information is wide - from text summarization, through ontology creation up to answering questions by QA systems. This work describes design and implementation of a system working in computer cluster which transforms a dump of Wikipedia articles to a set of extracted information that is stored in distributed RDF database with a possibility to query it using created user interface.

This master's thesis describes importing the ontology in language OWL 2 into the internal structures of 4A annotation server. It is concerned in anonymous nodes, for example in anonymous classes or anonymous properties. The solution was to use the library The OWL API for import ontology. The solution also allows automatic generation of names to anonymous classes and properties.

This master's thesis deals with the design of a distributed information system, where the data distribution is based on semantic technologies. The project analyzes the semantic web technologies with the focus on information exchange between information systems and the related terms, mainly ontologies, ontology languages and the Resource description framework. Furthermore, there is described a proposal an ontology which is used to describe the data exchanged between the systems and the technologies used to implement distributed information system. The most important of them are Java Server Faces and Sesame.

This masters thesis deals with the Semantic Web, its link to existing Web and the technologies, that produce it. It also deals with its current use in practice, further examines the deployment in web content management systems and proposes semantic extensions for the Kentico CMS.

Mit maschinellen Verfahren lässt sich die Qualität der Inhaltserschließung dramatisch steigern. intelligentCAPTURE ist seit 2002 produktiv im Einsatz in Bibliotheken und Dokumentationszentren. Zu dessen Verfahren gehören Module für die Dokumentenakquisition, insbesondere Scanning und OCR, korrekte Textextraktion aus PDF-Dateien und Websites sowie Spracherkennung für "textlose" Objekte. Zusätzliche Verfahren zur Informationsextraktion können optional folgen. Als relevant erkannter Content wird mittels der CAI-Engine (Computer Aided Indexing) maschinell inhaltlich ausgewertet. Dort findet ein Zusammenspiel computerlinguistischer Verfahren (sprachabhängige Morphologie, Syntaxanalyse, Statistik) und semantischer Strukturen (Klassifikationen, Systematiken, Thesauri, Topic Maps, RDF, semantische Netze) statt. Aufbereitete Inhalte und fertige, human editierbare Indexate werden schließlich über frei definierbare Exportformate an die jeweiligen Bibliothekssysteme und in der Regel auch an intelligentSEARCH übergeben. intelligentSEARCH ist eine zentrale Verbunddatenbank zum Austausch zwischen allen produktiven Partnern weltweit aus dem öffentlichen und privatwirtschaftlichen Bereich. Der Austausch ist auf tauschbare Medien, bislang Inhaltsverzeichnisse, aus urheberrechtlichen Gründen begrenzt. Gleichzeitig ist diese Datenbank "Open Content" für die akademische Öffentlichkeit mit besonders leistungsstarken Retrieval-Funktionen, insbesondere mit semantischen Recherche-Möglichkeiten und der Visualisierung von semantischen Strukturen (http://www.agi-imc.de/intelligentSEARCH.nsf). Sowohl für die Indexierung als auch für die Recherche können unterschiedliche semantische Strukturen genutzt werden - je nach Erkenntnisinteresse, Weltsicht oder Sprache.