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Opakované použití informací veřejného sektoru / Re-use of public sector informationGaertner, Petr Josef January 2017 (has links)
69 The re-use of public-sector information This thesis considers the re-use of public-sector information in the context of freedom of information. The thesis describes the following: a) the implications of freedom of information (transparency of public administration, involvement of citizens in public affairs, fight against information poverty, protection of the environment or the fight against corruption); b) the implications of the re-use of public-sector information (from an economic and social view); c) principle of publicity and principle of confidentiality (their application in democratic and nondemocratic regimes); d) the evolution of freedom of information legislation (inspiration in China, origin in Sweden, transposition into international law, influence of the United States of America, examples of modern information regulations and the right to information in European Union law); e) freedom of information in international law (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe No. R (81) 19 on the access to information held by public authorities, Úmluva Rady Evropy o přístupu k úředním...
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<em>Utilitas</em> restauroinnissa:historiallisen rakennuksen käyttötarkoituksen muutos ja funktionaalinen integriteettiPerkkiö, M. (Miia) 04 December 2007 (has links)
Abstract
The functional usage of historical buildings is essential for their preservation. However, it appears to be very difficult to find satisfactory solutions especially when deciding new uses for them. This research focuses on the problem of the re-use of historical buildings from the point of view of the tasks of architecture and restoration. The aim of this research is, firstly, to examine the history of the re-use of historical buildings and, secondly, to identify the premises for their functional integrity and authenticity, both of which are considered crucial in restorations.
Since antiquity the Latin concept utilitas has been referred to as the primary task of architecture: to be useful and functional. In this research the theme of utilitas has been observed through architectural and restoration theories and examples of re-use from different periods. Even if the re-use of old buildings has been common throughout history, it is only since the modern restoration approach of the 19th century that the functionality of historical buildings has been considered important in their preservation. Among restoration debates during the 20th century the functionality and the re-use of historical buildings have been considered only occasionally. However, among theoretical discussions on architecture functionality has been one of the most central themes of the century.
Can a historical building be authentic even if its original function has changed? The main issue in the re-use of historical buildings is not to find technical solutions or methodologies, but to understand the more profound intentions for the building.
Historical buildings cannot be distinguished from the reality and the requirements of human beings of today. In the restorations there must be an equilibrium between the historical legacy and the requirements of the present. Analyzing historical buildings from the point of view of functional integrity offers not only a new method but also new possibilities to discover planning solutions in the re-use of the historical buildings — respecting both the past and the present. / Tiivistelmä
Historiallisen rakennuksen säilymisen ehto on sen järkevä hyödyntäminen alkuperäisen käyttötarkoituksen loputtuakin. Silti käytön kannalta välttämättömiin muutoksiin suhtaudutaan usein kielteisesti. Tämä tutkimus käsittelee historiallisten rakennusten käyttötarkoituksen muutoksia arkkitehtuurin ja restauroinnin tehtävien näkökulmasta. Siinä pohditaan käyttötarkoituksen muutosten oikeutusta ja restauroinneissa keskeisenä pidettyä autenttisuuden ongelmaa. Samalla pyritään hahmottamaan, mitä tarkoittaa autenttisuuteen liittyvä funktionaalinen integriteetti käyttötarkoituksen muuttuessa.
Utilitas-käsitteellä on aina antiikista lähtien viitattu arkkitehtuurin yhteydessä rakennusten funktionaalisuuteen ja käyttökelpoisuuteen. Aihetta on tässä tutkimuksessa käsitelty eri aikojen arkkitehtuuriteorioiden ja historiallisiin rakennuksiin kohdistuneiden käyttötarkoituksen muutosten avulla.
Vaikka historiallisia rakennuksia on aina muutettu uusiin tarkoituksiin vasta 1800-luvulla alettiin korostaa käyttötarkoituksen merkitystä historiallisten rakennusten säilymiselle. Historiallisten rakennusten käyttötarkoituksen muutoksiin liittyviin ongelmiin on 1900-luvun restaurointikeskustelussa viitattu kuitenkin vain harvoin. Sen sijaan arkkitehtuurista puhuttaessa rakennuksen funktionaalisuus on ollut yksi keskeisistä aiheista.
Suurin ongelma historiallisten rakennusten käyttötarkoituksen muutoksissa on rakennuksen syvempien merkitysten ymmärtäminen, ei teknisten menetelmien ja ratkaisujen puuttuminen. Historiallisia rakennuksia ei voida täysin erottaa todellisuudesta ja ihmisen tarpeista tässä ja nyt. Kysymys on tasapainosta historian ja nykyhetken välillä. Funktionaalisen integriteetin tarkastelu tarjoaa paitsi menetelmän restaurointien arvioimiseen, myös mahdollisuuden löytää uusia ratkaisuja historiallisten rakennusten hyödyntämiseksi samalla sekä historiaa että nykyajan tarpeita kunnioittaen.
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Reviving the Capitol, contemporary cultural production in left-over spacesHughes, Clare Margaret January 2014 (has links)
The city of Pretoria can be likened to a blanket stretched thin, where previously
urban programs shift to the expanding periphery leaving gaps in the city fabric. It is
essential to investigate ways in which these urban “left overs” can be re-imagined
within the contemporary context. This complex urban condition is investigated
with the focus on conservation of abandoned buildings of heritage significance.
In South Africa, state funding cannot be relied upon for conservation of individual
buildings. Thus the conservation of leftover and abandoned heritage buildings
should happen not through singular museum projects but through the everyday
usefulness of the building.
The role of art and the artist has long been linked to the reuse of buildings which
have become difficult to inhabit in conventional ways. Thus the introduction of
cultural programs to derelict heritage sites and “left over” spaces is pertinent
to their reuse. One such site is the Capitol theatre in the Pretoria CBD. It is
undoubtedly a place of cultural richness and expression, having been a place
of daily gathering as well as formal entertainment throughout its history. It is a
natural point in which to reintroduce culture into an extended public realm at the
heart of the city.
Originally a space of introverted and exclusive cultural expression, curated cultural
artifacts (films and occasional shows) were displayed to a limited audience in
a highly internalised experience. However, it is proposed that this condition be
inverted through external display of the processes of cultural production on the
exterior of the theatre. The intention is to broaden the sphere of cultural influence
into the public realm of the city and simultaneously invite the existing communities
to engage with the building. Thus the focus shifts from internal event space to
external production space which becomes part of the public everyday experience.
Reviving the Capitol
The Capitol Theatre complex was never completed and no exterior facade was
ever design for the auditorium. This creates the opportunity for a new inhabitable
facade to be designed which fulfills the role of both a supportive and expressive
element. The new element incorporates spaces where people and processes of
cultural production are expressed externally while curated cultural artifacts and
events remain housed in the auditorium.
Ultimately the concept is one of support. The physical support of a failing structure
being the starting point which necessitates an intervention; the functional support
which allows the building to become useful again in a contemporary context with
new cultural meaning; and the social support of the everyday rituals which make
up the daily cultural experiences through the extension of the sphere of cultural
influence of the Capitol Theatre. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted
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Valorisation des fines de lavage de granulats : application à la construction en terre crue / Development of re-use ways for washing aggregates sludges : application to unfired earth constructionFlament, Cédric 12 December 2013 (has links)
Les fines de lavage de carrières sont à l’heure actuelle peu valorisées. Pourtant, leurs caractéristiques physiques font de ces fines une matière première intéressante pour le domaine de la construction. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer la formulation de produits préfabriqués non porteurs à base de fines de lavage, en considérant ces fines comme de la terre crue. Deux catégories de produits préfabriqués sont visées : un produit dit « lourd » (brique de terre comprimée) et un produit « léger » (carreau). Pour la valorisation en BTC, une étude de compacité par essai Proctor a permis de cibler la teneur en eau de fabrication et la masse volumique sèche à obtenir. Les performances mécaniques des briques ont été améliorées par surcompactage, renforcement granulaire et traitement au liant hydraulique. L’étude de formulation du carreau a associé les fines de lavage et la chènevotte. La consistance des mélanges à l’état frais a été étudiée avec le consistomètre VEBE. Les performances mécaniques en flexion et en compression des mélanges fibrés ont été mesurées. De la chaux et un superplastifiant ont été ajoutés dans la formulation pour satisfaire aux conditions de tenue mécanique. Les deux voies de valorisation ont été validées par mesures des performances physico-mécaniques sur produits fabriqués à l’échelle industrielle. La formulation optimale de BTC valorise près de 80% de fines de lavage et se classe dans la catégorie BTC 40 de la norme expérimentale XP13-901 (brique faiblement capillaire et résistante à la projection en eau). La formulation optimale de carreau se compose de 60% de fines de lavage, et répond aux exigences mécaniques des carreaux de plâtre. / Currently, few re-use ways are developed with clay fines from washing units in quarries. However, these clayey fines represent interesting materials for construction domain. This research work aims to develop non-load bearing precast products and to re-use these fines without thermal treatment as for unfired clay products. Two types of precast products are wished: a “heavy” product (compressed earth brick) and a “light” product (tile hemp-clay).For the CEB re-use way, the level of compaction has to be high. Proctor tests have been done to define the moisture content and dry density to obtain. Mechanical performances of bricks have been increased by overcompaction, granular reinforcement and lime treatment.For the tile re-use way, mixes with quarry fines and hemp have been studied. The behaviour of fresh material has been studied with VEBE consistometer. Flexural and compression strengths have been measured on hardened mixes. Lime and water-reducing agent have been necessary for a good mechanical behaviour.The two re-use ways have been validated by measuring mechanical and physical performances of products manufactured at industrial scale. The optimal mix for CEB includes almost 80% of quarry fines. The CEB is classed in BTC40 category according to experimental standard XP13-901 (brick with a low water absorption level and resistant to water spray). The optimal mix for tile includes 60% of quarry fines and satisfies mechanical requirements for gypsum blocks.
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Možnosti úsporných opatření v bazénových provozech / Possibilities of saving measures in swimming pool operationsLitschmann, Patrik January 2020 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the current knowledge in the field of saving measures in swimming pool services. The theoretical part describes the typology of swimming pools and subsequently deals with the technological aspect, including heat management. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes in detail the possibilities of saving measures in public swimming pool operations, especially in sanitary facilities, including reuse of wastewater from showers as a water source, or heat recovery from wastewater. The knowledge from the theoretical section is then applied in the practical part, where saving measures are proposed on the public swimming pool.
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Proximity vertical agriculture at the Pretoria West Power StationDavey, Calayde Aenis 09 December 2010 (has links)
The thesis addresses the proximity of contemporary global human issues to local human issues and presents an architectural solution. By identifying, exploring and drawing closer the proximities between these global and local issues, new solutions can be developed for local application. There are new fields created for architecture when we understand and connect the proximity of objects of both cultural and biophysical creation, and when we understand and build on our ever-narrowing proximities between what has been and what is to come. The narrowing global conditions have direct implications on us as individual human beings and our individual local societies. These proximities have been explored, developed, and resolved for local application. The resulting research field for urban agriculture ultimately guided an appropriate architectural response within the city of Pretoria, South Africa. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted
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Social housing with interior public spaces : a new typology for the urban context of PretoriaHeÿdenrÿch, Antonette January 2018 (has links)
The project proposes the investigation into the adaptive
re-use of abandoned and unused buildings in the Pretoria
CBD to develop social housing that makes use of existing
infrastructure, structures, economic activity and transport
networks. This is done as a response to the need for social
housing in the medium income market. Most developments
for this market are built outside city limits and use precious
resources and unnecessary new materials. This project
focuses on what is currently known as Huis Potgieter, on the
UNISA Sunnyside Campus, as a testing ground to develop
theories and approaches that can be used in the development
of future developments.
Throughout the research conducted into the project,
the residents have been emphasised as the main design
informant, specifically by the regulations set out by the national
government. Considering the highly user-centred approach as
identified by the regulations, it is appropriate to approach it
from an interior design knowledgebase.
Looking firstly at the resident’s needs, those in similar housing
developments and income markets have identified and
emphasised the need and importance of shared public spaces. Other research has confirmed that public spaces are a large
contributor to both the social and psychological well-being of
the residents.
This project focuses on providing public spaces as integrated
areas within the building, interspersed between living units,
in an effort to provide comfortable, inclusive, and enjoyable
public spaces that encourage a sense of place among the
residents.
A design proposal to integrate interior public spaces into the
daily lives of the residents was developed. Various public
space theories were collated and synthesised to develop a
set of theory-based guidelines for use in this and future social
housing projects. The project aims to develop a proposal that
considers all users in the development, both in their physical
needs (in the form of an inclusive design approach), as well as
their social and community needs, by providing public spaces
that accommodate a wide range of users and activities. To
benefit future studies and to contribute to the field of interior
design, a new term, interior public spaces, was developed in
order to describe the type of public spaces created.
In order to create a strong identity for the building, which the users can relate and respond to in their own attachment
and appropriation, the legibility of the intervention is large
focus of the project. To increase the legibility of the building,
the building identity – KwilaliCity - was developed to reflect
strongly in the public areas of the building to create a common
ground for all residents. The intervention ensures accessibility
to its wide range of residents by introducing a strong inclusive
design component, with a focus on wayfinding. Applying the
wayfinding and inclusive approach early in the project allows
for an integrated resolution that serves to strengthen the
design approach.
The intention that residents are encouraged to develop an
attachment to KwilaliCity and their fellow residents is evident
in the encouragement to appropriate specific elements in and
around their homes, in order to reflect their identities and give
them some control over their housing environment. / Hierdie projek neem voor om die her-gebruik van verlate
en ongebruikte geboue in die Pretoria besigheidsdistrik te
ondersoek, met die doel om sosiale behuising wat gebruik
maak van bestaande infrastruktuur, strukture, ekonomise
aktiwiteit en vervoernetwerke. Die projek het vorendag
gekom as ‘n reaksie op die nood vir sosiale behuising in die
medium-inkomstemark. Ontwikkelings vir hierdie mark word
dikwels geplaas buite die stadperke, en gebruik waardevolle
hulpbronne en onnodige nuwe material. Die projek fokus
op wat tans bekend staan as Huis Potgieter, te vinde op die
UNISA Sunnyside-kampus, as ‘n toetsarea waar teorieë en
benaderings te ondersoek en wat in toekomstige uitbreidings
gebruik kan word.
Tydens die navorsing wat afgelê is vir die projek, is die inwoners
beklemtoon as die hoof ontwerpinformant, hoofsaaklik deur
die regulasies uiteengesit deur die nasionale regering. Met
hierdie hoogs gebruiker-geörienteerde benadering, soos
geïdentifiseer deur die regulasies, is dit toepaslik om gebruik
te maak van die interieurontwerp kennisbasis.
Eerstens word daar gekyk na die inwoners se behoeftes.
Inwoners in soortgelyke behuising en inkomstemark het die behoefte en belangrikheid van gedeelde openbare ruimtes
uitgelig en beklemtoon. Verdere navorsing het bevestig dat
openbare ruimtes ‘n groot bydraende faktor is in die sosiale
en sielkundige welstand van die inwoners.
Die projek fokus op die voorsiening van openbare ruimtes
as integreerde areas binne die gebou, verweef tussendeur
die leefeenhede, in ‘n poging om gemaklike, toeganklike, en
aangename openbare ruimtes te skep wat ‘n gevoel van plek
by die inwoners aanwakker.
‘n Ontwerpvoorstel om die interieur openbare ruimtes
te integreer met die daaglikse lewens van die inwoners is
ontwikkel. Verskeie teorieë wat handel oor openbare ruimtes
is versamel en saamgevat om ‘n stel teorie-gebasseerde riglyne
te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word in hierdie en toekomstige
sosiale behuisingskemas. Die projek poog om ‘n voorstel te
ontwikkel wat alle inwoners in ag neem, beide in hul fisiese
behoeftes (in terme van ‘n inklusiewe ontwerpbenadering),
sowel as hul sosiale en gemeenskapsbehoeftes deur inwoners
van openbare ruimtes te voorsien wat ‘n wye spectrum van
gebruikers en aktiwiteite kan akkommodeer Om toekomende
interieurontwerpstudies te baat, is ‘n nuwe term, interieuropenbare ruimtes, ontwikkel om die soort openbare ruimtes,
soos geskep in hierdie projek, te beskryf.
Ten einde ‘n sterk identiteit te ontwikkel vir die gebou, wat
die inwoners in staat sal stel om verband te hou en te reageer
daarop deur hul aanhegtig en bewilliging, is die leesbaarheid
van die ingryping ‘n groot fokus van die projek. Om die
leesbaarheid van die gebour te verbeter, is ‘n gebou-identiteit
– KwilaliCity – ontwikkel. Dit kom sterk voor in die openbare
areas van die gebou om ‘n gelyke grondslag vir alle inwoners
te skep. Die ingryping verseker die inklusiwiteit vir die wye
reeks inwoners deur ‘n sterk inklusiewe ontwerpkomponent
in te bring, wat fokus op die navigasie en leesbaarheid van die
ruimtes. Deur hierdie benadering toe te pas vanaf die begin,
maak voorsiening vir ‘n geïntegreerde oplossing wat help om
die ontwerbenadering te versterk.
Die bedoeling is dat inwoners aangemoedig word om
aanhegting met KwilaliCity en hul mede-inwoners, en is
aangebring in die aanmoediging om spesifieke elemente
om hul eenhede te bewillig, in ‘n poging om hul identiteit te
weerspieël en bietjie beheer te gee oor hul huislike omgewing. / Mini Dissertation (MInt (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MInt (Prof) / Unrestricted
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Modellgestützte Prozessverbesserung: Entwicklung einer wiederverwendungsorientierten Methode zur durchgängigen Unterstützung der Modellerstellung, -transformation und -nutzung im Rahmen der ProzessverbesserungWeller, Jens 03 February 2010 (has links)
Die Gestaltung betrieblicher Prozesse stellt heute einen wichtigen Wettbewerbsfaktor dar. Um am Markt erfolgreich agieren zu können, ist es notwendig, die eigenen Prozesse konsequent an den Bedürfnissen der Kunden auszurichten. Methoden der Prozessverbesserung beschreiben, welche Schritte hierfür durchzuführen sind. Modelle stellen dabei ein wesentliches Werkzeug für die Visualisierung der betrieblichen Abläufe dar.
Gleichwohl wird in bestehenden Methoden der Prozessverbesserung nur unzureichend auf die systematische Nutzung und Wiederverwendung von Modellen eingegangen. Dadurch klafft eine Lücke zwischen erwartetem und tatsächlichem Nutzen des Modelleinsatzes im Rahmen der Prozessverbesserung. So wird insbesondere die methodische Nutzung und Auswertung von Modellen bisher entweder gar nicht oder lediglich isoliert von der Prozessverbesserung betrachtet. Damit existiert zwar eine Vielzahl an methodischen Puzzleteilen, eine durchgängige Unterstützung der Modellerstellung und -nutzung im Rahmen der Prozessverbesserung kann jedoch nicht erkannt werden.
Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt sich diesem methodischen Defizit und beschreibt Schritt für Schritt, wie die Verwendung von Modellen im Rahmen der Prozessverbesserung systematisiert werden kann. Damit soll die Nutzung von Modellen im betrieblichen Alltag forciert und der Aufwand für die Modellierung langfristig reduziert werden.
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Experiential groundPansegrouw, Jacques Le Roux January 2013 (has links)
In humanity’s current condition, the
advantages of organic material sources are
supplanted by the qualities of synthetics
that allow for rapid growth and altered
capabilities, whilst man becomes further
removed from his natural existence as a
being that once possessed the aptitude to
understand and work with these materials.
Prior to our industrial, mechanised and
materialist consumer culture, the direct
interaction with the natural world provided
humanity with more comprehensive and
experiential ground for growth and learning.
As we are connected to the world through
our senses, space becomes the primary
enabler of such a platform.
Relying on the haptic qualities of materials
and the body’s ability to experience and
embody its immediate surroundings,
architecture’s role in the integration between
man, nature, and industry is explored.
As a natural industry with a significant
public interface, architecture acts as a
mediator between man’s “constructed
nature” and his “first nature” – referring to
man’s estrangement from his environment.
This dissertation investigates the adaptation
of industrial buildings to accommodate
public interaction whilst responding to the
environmental impact that the production of
building materials has on the environment.
Alternatives to commonly used materials
such as glass, steel and carbon fibres were
researched, and so hemp, flax and bamboo
became the primary elements used in the
making of the architecture. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted
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Nudging för ökat återbruk på en återvinningscentralWahlman, Henrik January 2021 (has links)
Konsumtionen är ett miljöproblem i Sverige och den behöver ställas om mot en mer cirkulär ekonomi. En del av den cirkulära ekonomin är återanvändning. Återanvändning av saker är mer miljöeffektivt än att materialåtervinning. Trots att kommunala återvinningscentraler erbjuder möjlighet att lämna saker till återbruk slängs betydande mängder återanvändbara saker till energiåtervinning. Genom att kombinera tidigare studiers resultat kring nudging och återvinning med förutsättningarna som råder på Gävle återvinningscentral designades 3 nudges. En nudge använder en beskrivande social norm mot återbruk, en förenklar att återbruka och den sista kombinerar den förenklande nudgen med en beskrivande social norm. Dessa undersöker hur nudging som metod kan förmå avfallslämnare som avser att slänga återanvändbara saker att i stället återbruka dem. Fyra 4 hypoteser ställdes upp kring vilken effekt de framtagna nudges skulle ha och därefter genomfördes ett fältexperiment av författaren. Experimentet gav inget signifikant resultat varvid en diskussion förs kring hur förändringar i metoden skulle kunna påverka resultatet. Författaren anser att det inte går att förkasta de framtagna nudges utan att först genomföra ett modifierat experiment då det finns indikationer som tyder på ett gott utfall trots allt. / Consumption is an environmental issue in Sweden that must adapt towards circular economy. Re-use is a part of circular economy and is more environmentally friendly than material recycling. Even though municipal recycling centrals offers the possibility for their visitors to re-use functioning things, considerable amounts are still thrown to be energy recycled by incineration. By combining results from studies about nudging and recycling with the conditions, physical and social, of Gävle recycling central, 3 nudges where designed. One uses a descriptive social norm about re-use, the second simplifies the behavior of re-use and the third combines the two previous nudges into one. These will be used to test if nudging as a method can convince waste throwers that intend to throw away re-usable things to re-use them instead. 4 hypotheses were formulated about the effect of the designed nudges and then a field experiment was conducted by the author. The experiment did not yield a significant result. The discussion focuses on how changes in the methodology could affect the result to make it more robust. The author is not ready to reject the designed nudges without testing them in a modified experiment as there are indications pointing towards a potential good result after all.
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