Planning for closure requires in depth analysis into many operational, environmental, and social factors. Ideally, the planning process should resolve as many of the technical, social, and aesthetic requirements as possible by systematically addressing the various elements that influence the final design. This research identified the significant issues related to planning for the end use of the current Logan landfill after it reaches capacity in 18-20 years and the associated lagoons and wetlands. The current closure plan calls for simply recontouring the landfill to stabilize the slopes, then revegetating. The location of the site has serious implications for environmental impact yet offers positive opportunities for consideration of alternative end uses.

MSc thesis - Faculty of Engineering / Service creation in the Next Generation Network (NGN) is focused around software creation and borrows heavily from the Software Engineering community. In the NGN, telecommunication companies demand simple, rapid and economical service creation. The key to this type of service creation is software re-use. Software re-use is a conundrum where limited, dedicated solutions exists. These solutions include amongst others Enterprise JavaBeansTM (EJBs), design patterns and object-oriented programming. The Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture- Conformance And Testing (TINA-CAT) workgroup has done work on a functionality centric concept called RP-facets. This report proposes a redefinition of RP-facets, as Facets, for software re-use across the design and code level. We redefine Facets as functionality centric reusable components. A Facet is independent of the implementation language and the execution platform. Facets allow containment in a structured manner via a user defined Facet Hierarchy. Facets are resource, context and data agnostic. They also introduce a structured way to allow source code to be changed based on design level decisions. Also, possessing the ability to allow the simultaneous use of other reuse solutions and programming paradigms. Abstraction of detail from developers and platform migration can be achieved by using Facets. Facets are composed of a Generic definition and any number of Implementation definitions. The definitions are supported by an underlying informational model called meta-¼. Meta- ¼ is a model at the M3 meta-level that focuses on describing entities. Most of the Facet’s capabilities are enabled by the meta-¼ model. An environment for developing Facets is created, called the Facet Development Environment (FDE). The Facet Developer (FD) role is introduced to develop and maintain Facets. The FD verifies programmes from programmers to be included into the catalogue of Facets via the FDE. The FD interacts with service creation teams to determine which Facets can be used in the service they wish to develop. Facets prove their capability in targeted areas, yet lack in other categories. It is recommended that the underlying informational model should be revised to form a more robust and flexible entity describing model. In addition, a cataloging capability to easily find Facets with particular functionality should be appended to the capabilities of the facet. It is proposed, for future work, that a development environment be created that encompasses a process for using Facets to create services.

I understand the site of the former Schilleroper as a piece of the city with an unsettled history of trying, failing and trying again. Despite its difficult history of ups and downs, the Schilleroper has been a meaningful and popular place within its neighbourhood. A place of affordable, low threshold culture for the former working class residents. Even long after its life as a venue for large cultural events in the grand hall, it has been a lively public place in the area.Decades of neglect and decay later, the building is facing an uncertain future and it remains unclear, what, if anything, will be done to preserve it. The proposal suggests a (more or less) temporary use of the place as a continuous construction site of cultural making. Instead of aiming for a finalized architectural proposal, it describes a process of change and adaptation that, started by the suggested architectural interventions, could eventually develop its own self-renewing dynamics. It aims to offer a place that allows to be inhabited, appropriated and altered by its users. A place that not only accepts these notions, but actively depends on them. A place that the people of Hamburg can call their own.

In Sweden there is a shortage of housing whilst old, abandoned industrial buildingstake up space on desirable land. These buildings generally do not live up to today’s standards regarding comfort and energy efficiency and are therefore not used today. If these buildings were to be renovated into housing, they could help remedy the housing shortage. However, many of these buildings are protected from distortion by law which makes renovation and remodeling difficult. The purpose of this work has been to provide solutions for how an old industrialbuilding with cultural-historical values can be remodeled into housing. The solutions consist of floor plans and drawings modeled in Autodesk Revit. The possibilities and difficulties with this kind of project as well as solutions to expected problems are also presented in the report. This work was executed as a case study on one of the old locomotive depots in Bollnäs. Since the building for this project is an old locomotive depot, it is positioned close to the railroad. Noise and ground pollution are therefore important to consider and demand certain measures, for example retaining walls, noise barriers and excavation of polluted soil. An energy simulation of the building was made using BV2 to determine the energy usage of the building. The walls, roof and slab were additionally insulated for the purpose of meeting the demands of energy efficiency and comfort defined by BBR 29. The insulation had to be internally constructed in order to avoid distortion of the facade. Additionally, all windows and doors had to be made energy efficient while remaining aesthetically preserved. Internal insulation is generally problematic due to problems with moisture. The solution to this problem was to insulate the walls with polyurethane foam and the slab with cellular plastic. In order to make the building energy efficient, the building should be heated using district heating in combination with photovoltaic panels. This building is well suited for solar panels due to the large, black metal sheet roof and shadow free placement. The study shows the complexity of refurbishing this type of building. The renovation is extensive, and the floor plans are characterized by compromises. It is possible to renovate the building without distorting it. A better alternative would be to use the building for other functions such as a store, restaurant or bar. / I Sverige råder det bostadsbrist samtidigt som gamla industribyggnader stårövergivna på attraktiv mark. En anledning till att dessa byggnader i nuläget inteanvänds är att de av byggnadstekniska skäl inte uppfyller dagens krav på komfort och energieffektivitet. Om dessa byggnader skulle kunna göras om till bostäder vore deten lösning för att minska bostadsbristen. Många av dessa byggnader omfattas dock av förvanskningsförbud och varsamhetskrav vilket försvårar renovering och ombyggnation. Syftet med arbetet har varit att ta fram ett ändringsförslag på hur en gammal industribyggnad med ett kulturhistoriskt värde kan göras om till bostäder. Arbetet har också gått ut på att undersöka vilka möjligheter och svårigheter som finns vid ett sådant ändringsarbete och ta fram lösningar till eventuella problem. Arbetet utfördes i form av en fallstudie på ett av lokstallen i Bollnäs. Då byggnaden i projektet är ett gammalt lokstall ligger denna nära tågspåren. Buller och markföroreningar är därför viktigt att ta hänsyn till och kräver åtgärder i formav uppförandet av bullerplank och schaktning. En energisimulering gjordes av byggnaden i BV2 för att få ett värde på byggnadensenergianvändning. För att byggnaden ska kunna hålla en god komfort och klarakraven i BBR 29 tilläggsisoleras klimatskalet. Varsamhetskravet gör att all tilläggsisolering måste ske på byggnadens insida. Alla fönster och dörrar byts ut till energismarta sådana under förutsättning att de är estetiskt likvärdiga mot de ursprungliga för att motverka förvanskning. Att tilläggsisolera en gammal byggnad invändigt är ur fuktsynpunkt negativt. Lösningen på detta var att isolera väggarna med polyuretanskum och betongplattan underifrån med cellplast. För energieffektiviseringen valdes också att byggnaden skulle värmas med fjärrvärme då den ligger centralt och i nära anslutning tillfjärrvärmenätet. Denna typ av byggnad är väl lämpad för användning av solenergi tack vare dess stora svarta plåttak och skuggfria placering. Därmed valdes fjärrvärmen att kombineras med solcellspaneler. Studien visar att ändringsarbeten på denna typ av byggnader är komplexa. Energirenoveringen är omfattande och arbetet med planlösningarna präglas av kompromisser. Det är fullt möjligt att energirenovera byggnaden utan att förvanska den. Byggnaden i det här projektet vore dock bättre lämpad för exempelvis butik, restaurang eller krog än för lägenheter.

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In South Africa thousands of unemployed people earn a living by recovering recyclable materials from the municipal stream, garbage bins and garbage dumps. In so doing their activities are also beneficial to the environment because raw materials and energy are saved and pollution is reduced. However, waste reclamation in South Africa seems not to be adequately regulated, supported nor formally recognised by authorities. This study aims to investigate the extent to which South African Environmental law enables and regulates waste reclamation, whether directly and/or indirectly, with a view to improving the regulatory policy and legislative framework pertaining to waste reclamation. In this regard the study considers key policy and legislation pertaining to waste management in South Africa. To this end the Minimum Requirementsfor Waste Disposal by Landfill as published by the then Department of Water Affairs and Forestry serve as a guideline for the formalisation and control of waste reclamation at landfills. However, there is a need to formulate regulations under NEM: WA to regulate waste reclamation inside and even outside landfills. Moreover, the Department of Water and Environmental Affairs also needs to formulate standard model waste reclamation by-laws which would be adapted by municipalities to suit local circumstances. The long term view of government is to phase out waste reclamation at landfills in favour of waste separation at source. In order to realise this objective it is important for government, especially at local level, to integrate waste reclaimers in the formal waste management programmes by virtue of their experience in recovery of recyclables from the waste stream, and these programmesmust be included in municipal IWMPs and IDPs for implementation. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

[pt] O presente estudo trata da contribuição do designer na concepção de personagens/bonecos, tendo como principal conceito o reaproveitamento criativo de embalagens PET e outros materiais descartados. Considerando o conhecimento sobre o material como um dos principais requisitos para a realização de um produto, o que propomos aqui é uma investigação do PET na construção de bonecos. Apresentamos como o designer pode se apropriar deste material, potencialmente nocivo ao meio ambiente, e fazê-lo participar da rede de significações que envolvem a sociedade. Ao ressignificá-lo como instrumento de comunicação, ele assume um novo uso social. Em um segundo momento, tendo como visão o conceito de apropriação desenvolvido pelo historiador Roger Chartier, apresentamos o Teatro de Títeres como uma mídia que instaura significados próprios que contribuem para a apropriação do conhecimento. / [en] This work analyzes the designer`s contribution to the creation of characters/puppets, having as main concept the creative re- use of PET bottles and other discarded materials. Based on the principle that the know-how about materials is one of the main requests for a product creation, this dissertation proposes an investigation of PET materials on the puppets` craft. It shows how the designer can appropriate of this material and make it participate in the signifying web. By resignifying the PET as a communication tool, it gives the material, potentially harmful to the environment, a new social use. In a second moment, using the concept of appropriation developed by Roger Chartier, we present the Puppet Theater as a medium to establish new meanings, which contributes to knowledge.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Entwurf von Funkempfängern für digitale Modulation betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtungen beim Finden einer geeigneten Empfängerarchitektur, der Spezifikation der einzusetzenden Bausteine, der Auswahl einer geeigneten Arbeitsfrequenz und eines passenden Modulationsverfahrens sowie der Festlegung einer dem Einsatzzweck angepaßten Datenrate. Ein wesentlicher Punkt ist die der Empfangsaufgabe angepaßte gewichtete Bekämpfung der auftretenden Störbeiträge. Dafür werden zunächst Grundlagen, wie wichtige Modulationsverfahren, Empfängerarchitekturen sowie Bestimmungsgleichungen für Parameter eingeführt. Darauf aufbauend wird eine allgemeingültige Methode zum Entwurf von Funkempfängern für digitale Modulation entwickelt. Diese Methode kann stets angewendet werden, wenn ein Empfänger für digitale Modulation entworfen werden soll. Wesentliche zu berücksichtigende Einsatzparameter und Randbedingungen werden an passender Stelle in den Entwurf einbezogen und eine entsprechend angepaßte Lösung wird weiterverwendet. Die Entwurfsmethode eignet sich sowohl für den freien Empfängerentwurf als auch für Entwürfe, die sich an der Einhaltung von Standards orientieren müssen. Der Kerngedanke besteht darin, das alle Störeinflüsse einen gleichgroßen Beitrag zur Signalverfälschung liefern sollen. Um dies zu erreichen, werden potentielle Störeinflüsse analysiert und entsprechend ihres Einflusses gewichtet zur weiteren Bestimmung der notwendigen Eigenschaften der Empfängerbaugruppen herangezogen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird hauptsächlich der allgemeine Anwendungsfall des freien nicht standardbezogenen Empfängerentwurfes betrachtet. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie durch die Analyse und entsprechende Berücksichtigung einer variablen Anzahl von Störeinflüssen die Eigenschaften der einzelnen Empfängerkomponenten jeweils bestmöglich eingestellt werden können. Diese Methode wird anschließend anhand von verschiedenartigen Beispielen weiter illustriert und ihre erfolgreiche Anwendbarkeit veranschaulicht. Anhand einer Mischerschaltung wird beispielhaft auf grundlegende Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Linearitätseigenschaften eingegangen. Dabei werden spezifische Unterschiede zwischen einer Superhet- bzw. einer Direktmischarchitektur hervorgehoben. Weiterhin wird eine Methode zur Wiederverwendung (Re-Use) von analogen Schaltungen oder ähnlichen Objekten vorgeschlagen. Dabei werden die Schaltungen anhand einer Vorgabe bewertet, und es wird eine Rangfolge aufgestellt. Damit ist gewährleistet, daß die der Vorgabe am besten entsprechende Schaltung gefunden werden kann, auch wenn eine 100%ige Übereinstimmung nicht gegeben ist. Die hierfür notwendigen Bewertungsalgorithmen werden ausführlich dargestellt und ihr jeweiliger Einsatz wird erläutert. Abschließend erfolgt eine überblicksweise Darstellung von Simulationswerkzeugen und -verfahren, die für den Empfängerentwurf bedeutsam sind. Dabei wird hauptsächlich auf die Verbindung von System- und Schaltungsentwurf eingegangen, und es werden bestehende Probleme dargelegt sowie vorhandene Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt. Einige im Zusammenhang mit der Simulation interessante Modellierungsgesichtspunkte werden ebenfalls dargestellt.

In South Africa thousands of unemployed people earn a living by recovering recyclable materials from the municipal stream, garbage bins and garbage dumps. In so doing their activities are also beneficial to the environment because raw materials and energy are saved and pollution is reduced. However, waste reclamation in South Africa seems not to be adequately regulated, supported nor formally recognised by authorities. This study aims to investigate the extent to which South African Environmental law enables and regulates waste reclamation, whether directly and/or indirectly, with a view to improving the regulatory policy and legislative framework pertaining to waste reclamation. In this regard the study considers key policy and legislation pertaining to waste management in South Africa. To this end the Minimum Requirementsfor Waste Disposal by Landfill as published by the then Department of Water Affairs and Forestry serve as a guideline for the formalisation and control of waste reclamation at landfills. However, there is a need to formulate regulations under NEM: WA to regulate waste reclamation inside and even outside landfills. Moreover, the Department of Water and Environmental Affairs also needs to formulate standard model waste reclamation by-laws which would be adapted by municipalities to suit local circumstances. The long term view of government is to phase out waste reclamation at landfills in favour of waste separation at source. In order to realise this objective it is important for government, especially at local level, to integrate waste reclaimers in the formal waste management programmes by virtue of their experience in recovery of recyclables from the waste stream, and these programmesmust be included in municipal IWMPs and IDPs for implementation. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

During the past few decades the focus of waste management in South Africa has been emphasised, especially in view of the increase in economic development which has resulted in an increase in commercial, industrial, hazardous, mining, power generation as well as radioactive waste. The iron and steel making industry in South Africa provides for a vast amount of recycling opportunities of various materials resulting from the iron and steelmaking process. The regulation of waste management in South Africa may have some significant implications on this particular industry. In this dissertation the history of waste management legislation in South Africa is researched. It is found that initially only waste disposal was regulated, but over time, in addition to disposal, other aspects were also regulated in terms of other pieces of environmental legislation, such as the recycling, recovery and storage of waste. In an attempt to provide for uniform waste management regulation in South Africa, and in order to achieve sustainable development by the provision of a new waste hierarchy, the National Environmental Management: Waste Act was introduced. As part of this legislation, a new definition of waste was also introduced. It is indicated as part of this dissertation that various interpretations of the definition of ‘waste’ are possible. It is also indicated that these various interpretations may not only have some significant implications for the iron and steelmaking industry in South Africa, but may also have significant implications for the implementation of the waste hierarchy, as envisaged in terms of current waste management legislation. In the light of the above, and after taking comments by the members of the South African Iron and Steel Institute into consideration, recommendations are made for an improved legislative framework for waste management in South Africa. It is recommended that there should be a trade–off between the protection of the environment and the re–use, recovery and recycling opportunities of materials available to industry in the short–term as well as the long–term. In order to achieve such a trade–off, it is suggested that the ‘End–of Waste’ criteria in South Africa be reconsidered and re–evaluated to ensure more legal certainty with regard as to exactly constitutes waste and to provide for a definition of ‘waste’ which is clearly defined. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.