La présente thèse concerne les mutations sociospatiales introduites par des tendances de financiarisation du système du logement grec au cours des deux dernières décennies. Comment les processus mondiaux de financiarisation se sont-ils accommodés à un contexte local pour développer leur version grecque ? Le but de notre travail est de mettre en lumière la transformation d’une économie autofinancée et basée sur les réseaux familiaux en marché hypothécaire. Notre hypothèse est que ces bouleversements du financement de la fabrique résidentielle, c’est-à-dire l’apparition de la finance comme un « nouvel acteur » sur les circuits de production du logement, vont de pair avec des dynamiques de précarisation du logement et des nouvelles géographies sociospatiales.Dans les années d’après-guerre, Athènes, ville méditerranéenne et périphérique de l’Europe du Sud, est caractérisée par une forte mobilité sociale, sur laquelle les circuits de production du logement ont fonctionné comme un «ascenseur social ». Depuis le début des années 1990, Athènes doit faire face à la fois à un nouveau contexte et à la persistance des structures préexistantes. C’est la première période d’un véritable développement du crédit au logement en Grèce qui fait notablement augmenté les prix des logements. L’analyse quantitative et qualitative, le cas d’étude ainsi que les entretiens semi-directifs mettent en valeur de nouveaux acteurs, représentations et pratiques, mais aussi de tendances de l’exclusion bancaire. Cette étude souligne l’importance de l’aspect géographique ainsi que le rôle signifiant de réseaux familiaux, de l’échelle du quartier et de la vie quotidienne dans l’analyse de la finance ainsi que l’interdépendance entre système financier et l’économie informelle. / The present thesis concerns the sociospatial mutations produced by the financialization trends of the Greek housing system in the past two decades. How are the global processes of financialization accommodated in a local context in order to generate a Greek version of financialization? Aim of the thesis is to shed light on the transformation of a self-financing economy, based on family networks to a mortgage market. The hypothesis is that these changes in the field of financing the residential urban fabric, or the emergence of finance as a "new actor" on housing production circuits, are associated with the precarization of housing and new sociospatial geographies.During the postwar decades, Athens, a Mediterranean city and, at the same time, a south European peripheral urban center, is characterized by strong social mobility, when housing production circuits functioned as a “social elevator”. Since the early 1990s, Athens is facing both new challenges and the persistence of pre-existing structures. It is the first time of a crucial expansion of housing credit in Greece, when housing prices have significantly increased. The quantitative and qualitative analysis, the case study and the semi-structured interviews highlight new actors, their actions, representations and practices as well as tendencies of financial exclusion. This study highlights the importance of the geography as well as the significant role of family networks, the scale of neighborhood and everyday life in analyzing finance and the interconnections of the financial system with the informal economy.

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Civil rights commemorative boulevards are an increasingly important method of framing African American community revitalization and persistent historical inequities. Often underlying planning efforts to revitalize segregated African American neighborhoods, these boulevards are one important change mechanism for realizing equitable development and challenging structural racism. This thesis demonstrates the central importance of these commemorative boulevards in framing redevelopment and maintaining community resolve during the long struggle for revitalization

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Franco de Oliveira.pdf: 2325319 bytes, checksum: 8445c073369bffb9ce6e9cf31ed9d303 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-22 / This paper seeks to analyze the debate on the results of the american local reinvestment law Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), aimed at the role of government regulating in expanding access to credit, as well its participation in local development. At the height of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the funding program for housing in the New Deal had as objective to create jobs for thousands of unemployed. The mortgage of the government, however, has not benefited everyone. A large inventory was designed to assess the residential areas of the country. The mapping of regions where the banks could not provide loans worth up to discriminatory criteria. The factors of exclusion had nothing to do with the solvency of the inhabitants, but with the conservation status of the neighborhoods and the presence of ethnic minorities on the spot. The practice was called redlining because the areas excluded from access to credit were red delineated on the maps prepared by the government. Researchers of urban planning in the United States argue that these maps were used by public and private entities to, years later, denying loans to people in black communities or low-income neighborhoods. The assumptions of redlining resulted in increasing the geographical and racial segregation and has contributed to urban decay. The CRA was created in 1977 to combat redlining in the granting of mortgage financing. While the immediate goal was to punish discrimination in the granting of loans, the issue of local economic development has been the more comprehensive target of the law. After 30 years of implementation, what were the results? Based on analysis of existing literature on the impact of CRA on access to credit for low-income communities and ethnic minorities, this study seeks answers to these questions. The object of this debate analysis also houses the controversy surrounding the relationship between the CRA and the credit crisis linked to the U.S. mortgage system / Este trabalho analisa o debate sobre os resultados da lei de reinvestimento local norte-americana Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), tendo em vista o papel da regulação governamental na ampliação do acesso ao crédito bancário e a participação deste do desenvolvimento local. No auge da Grande Depressão dos anos 1930, o programa de financiamento à habitação do New Deal tinha como objetivo criar postos de trabalho para milhares de desempregados. A garantia hipotecária do governo, no entanto, não beneficiou a todos. Um grande inventário foi criado para avaliar as áreas residenciais do país. O mapeamento das regiões onde credores hipotecários assegurados por fundos do governo não poderiam conceder empréstimos valeu-se de critérios discriminatórios. Os fatores de exclusão nada tinham a ver com a solvabilidade dos habitantes, mas com as características sócio-econômicas dos bairros e a presença de minorias no local. A prática foi denominada redlining , uma vez que as áreas excluídas do acesso ao crédito eram delimitadas em vermelho, nos mapas elaborados pelo governo. Pesquisadores do planejamento urbano nos Estados Unidos defendem que esses mapas foram utilizados por entidades públicas e privadas para, anos mais tarde, negar empréstimos a pessoas em comunidades negras ou bairros de baixa renda. Os pressupostos do redlining resultaram no aumento da segregação racial e geográfica, além de contribuir para a degradação urbana. O CRA foi criado em 1977 para combater a discriminação na concessão de financiamento hipotecário, mas a questão do desenvolvimento econômico local constituiu um alvo mais abrangente da lei. Após 30 anos de execução, quais foram os seus resultados? Com base na análise da literatura existente acerca do impacto do CRA no acesso ao crédito para comunidades de baixa renda e minorias étnicas, este trabalho busca respostas a essas questões. O debate objeto desta análise também abriga a polêmica em torno das relações entre o CRA e a crise de crédito ligada ao sistema hipotecário dos EUA, que eclodiu em 2007/2008, afetando países em todo o mundo

The maternal mortality rate in the USA is the highest in the industrialized world. Black women in the USA are three times more likely to die due to pregnancy and childbirth-related health issues than their white counterparts. According to 2017–2019 data from the CDC, 80% of these deaths are preventable.The purpose of this thesis is to understand how women’s bodily autonomy is both racialized and politicized. Key questions here are: What is the relationship between access to healthcare and reproductive rights? How are reproductive rights racialized? How is bodily autonomy racialized and politicized?This research is based on a literature review and a case study of the documentary Aftershock, released in July 2022. Aftershock charts the deaths of two young Black American women after they gave birth and shows how their partners and families stood together and became effective activists determined to fight the Black maternal mortality epidemic in the US, and thereby increase awareness and bring about change in society.