Cette thèse questionne la financiarisation du régime d’accumulation en Corée du sud après la crise asiatique de 1997 à partir de l’observation des changements macroéconomiques et institutionnels importants poussés par l’adoption de politiques néolibérales ; de l’insertion croissante des entreprises dans les marchés financiers et commerciaux internationaux ; de la refonte du rôle de l’État pour promouvoir les secteurs intensifs en technologie. Le cadre conceptuel et les outils analytiques de la théorie de la Régulation, combinés à ceux de l’économie post-keynésienne, sont mobilisés pour envisager ces transformations de manière systémique, à plusieurs niveaux et à plusieurs échelles. Le travail de thèse discute les moteurs et les vecteurs qui participent à la financiarisation de l’économie politique sud-coréenne et les caractéristiques locales de ce processus global, intrinsèquement inégal et hiérarchique. • Le chapitre 1 De l’industrialisation à la financiarisation pose les jalons de la thèse en étudiant la dynamique macroéconomique contemporaine à la lumière des transformations politiques et institutionnelles depuis l’industrialisation. A partir d’une estimation du régime de demande en vigueur de 1980 à 2015, il est montré que le régime d’accumulation dominé par la finance qui se met en place après 1997 est tiré par le profit et entraîné par la consommation. • Le chapitre 2 Financiarisation le long des chaînes de valeurs examine la chute structurelle de l’investissement des entreprises manufacturières sud-coréennes en considérant le rôle de trois canaux de la financiarisation (effet d’évincement et fardeau financier) auxquels est rajouté le canal de l’intégration internationale des firmes dans les chaînes globales de valeurs (CGV). Une fonction d’investissement incluant ces trois canaux est estimée économétriquement sur données de firmes (1990-2015). Les résultats indiquent que l’effet des canaux de la financiarisation dépendent des modalités d’insertion des firmes dans les CGV.• Le chapitre 3 La répercussion contrastée de la financiarisation sur les capacités de l’État se concentre sur les transformations institutionnelles et organisationnelles au sein de l’État liées à la financiarisation. A partir d’un travail de terrain sur les politiques de promotion des start-ups, un mécanisme de changement institutionnel au sein de la structure étatique est identifié, celui de sédimentation. En promouvant les start-ups via l’industrie du capital-risque, les agences d’État tendent à adopter les pratiques et représentations du secteur financier, ainsi qu’à donner plus de poids aux acteurs financiers privés, ce qui pèse sur ses capacités d’innovation. / This thesis examines the financialization of the accumulation regime in South Korea since the 1997 Asian crisis based on three inter-related transformations: macroeconomic and institutional changes under the neoliberal restructuring; the growing integration of firms into financial and trade markets; the restructuring of the role of the state under the drive to promote technology-intensive sectors. Building upon regulation theory and post-Keynesian economics, the analysis considers several levels—macroeconomic, institutional and political, and different scales—local, national, transnational. The thesis discusses the determining drivers and the conduits of the financialization of the South Korean political economy and the local characteristics of this global process, conceptualized as intrinsically uneven and hierarchical • Chapter 1 From industrialization to financialization analyzes the joint transformation of the macroeconomic trend, institutional change, and political change since industrialization. Based on the estimation of the demand regime(s) from 1980 to 2015, it is highlighted that the finance-dominated accumulation regime that has emerged after the 1997 Asian crisis is consumption driven and profit led. • Chapter 2 Financialization along value chains investigates the slowdown of accumulation of South Korean manufacturing firms by assessing the impact of three channels, the crowding out of fixed investment by financial investment, the financial burden of increasing payments to financial markets, and the modes of insertion to global value chains (GVCs). A dynamic panel model of an investment function is estimated on firm-level data (1990–2015). The results show that the impact of financialization channels depends on the modalities of firms’ insertion into GVCs. • Chapter 3 The uneven impact of financialization on state capacities examines the institutional and organizational transformations of the state associated with the financialization process. Based on semi-structured interviews in the start-up ecosystem, the layering mechanism of gradual institutional change within the state innovation bureaucracy is identified. The results outline a complex picture of the financialization of the state with the combination of the uneven diffusion of financialized reasoning in the innovation bureaucracy via entrepreneurship policies and the localized power shift from bureaucrats to private financiers.

As popularity of online banking services has grown exceedingly among Finnishconsumers, it has become necessary for banks to provide their customers withsafety advice against the emerging threat of card-not-present fraud (CNP) in orderto protect them from monetary losses. However, it is unclear how effective thisadvice is and how well it is filling its purpose. This study aims to fill this gap andexamines the advice provided by Finnish banks in order to protect their customersfrom CNP-frauds by applying an economical approach to the criminological field.A multilayered approach including a literature review, a web page qualityassessment and a qualitative interview was used for this purpose. Contributing toexisting literature on the enabling and constraining influences within the financialindustry, this study increases the understanding of why Finnish banks’ arehomogenously tilting the balance towards their own private interests rather thanpublic good.

Audit inquiry can be a valuable source of information for auditors, particularly when the client provides useful information about important issues that could affect the audit. Recent studies indicate that the way an audit inquiry is conducted can affect the level of cooperation in the client's response. In this study, I investigate the use of social norms as an intervention auditors could include in their inquiries to increase the likelihood of client cooperation. To test my hypotheses, I conducted a 2x2 between-subjects experiment with 138 MBA and senior accounting students who proxied for non-accounting and accounting managers, respectively. I manipulated the auditor's use of a positive descriptive norm, which informed participants that the desired behavior is typical among similar others. I also manipulated the auditor's use of a negative injunctive norm, which informed participants of social disapproval for not engaging in the desired behavior. The dependent variable was a scaled measure of the likelihood the participant would disclose useful information in their response to the auditor. I find evidence of a main effect for both social norms I test. I do not find evidence of an interaction between the two social norms. My findings contribute to the audit literature as well as to audit practice. First, I contribute to the audit literature by identifying factors that improve client cooperation with an audit inquiry, including the communication of a positive descriptive norm and a negative injunctive norm. Second, my findings contribute to practice by providing evidence that social norms included in an audit inquiry can persuade clients to cooperate with an inquiry.

While the multilateral trading system views human and labour rights issues as outside of its remit, states increasingly incorporate regulation in these areas into their bilateral reciprocal preferential trade agreements, "HR-PTAs. This dissertation investigates the emergence of HR-PTAs, testing alternative explanations derived from conventional "public interest" and "private interest" theories of regulation against a new theory of "symbolic regulation." According to the public interest theory of regulation, regulation is motivated by benevolent legislators' commitment to correcting market or social problems. The private interest theory of regulation instead views regulation as the result of private interest groups capturing the regulatory apparatus in order to regulate in their own self-interest. Unlike its counterparts, the symbolic theory of regulation suggests that regulation may also be created for the primary purpose of reassuring regulatory advocates that their demands have been heard, rather than to regulate a given issue area. This dissertation argues that for the states behind them, HR-PTAs are primarily a symbolic form of regulation. Legislators create HR-PTAs to appease domestic human and labour rights organizations, while defending their trade interests through the non-enforcement of their provisions. Using longitudinal network analysis to analyse original data from 415 preferential trade agreements in force from 1989 to 2009, paired with case study evidence from the EU, US, and Canada, this dissertation finds support for the symbolic regulation explanation of HR-PTAs. It shows that a state's commitment to HR-PTAs depends less on the public interest or the desires of private interest groups than on its need to accommodate human and labour rights advocates. Symbolic regulation however should not be dismissed. It sets precedents, creates policy space, facilitates softer forms of cooperation, and can fuel political accountability politics. When this occurs, states may use HR-PTAs or other forms of symbolic regulation to achieve their seeming purpose.

Ce mémoire de thèse a pour objet la pénurie en eau. Face aux analyses techniques a-historiques centrées sur la rareté physique de l’eau, nous développons une problématique sociale-contingente pour laquelle les usages de l’eau sont au cœur de l’explication. La première partie correspond à l’étape d’observation. Elle a pour objectif de retracer l’évolution du mode d’usage de l’eau à Almeria (Andalousie) et à Marrakech et Agadir (Maroc) entre la fin du XIXe siècle et aujourd’hui. Considéré comme domaine d’observation, le mode d’usage de l’eau (Arrus) qualifie l’articulation d’un volet « économique », relatif à l’ajustement réciproque de l’offre et des usages finals de l’eau produite (formalisé par des normes-procédures) et d’un volet « institutionnel », relatif aux normes sociales (qualifiées de normes-règles) présidant à la définition des droits de disposition sur les ressources en eau. Pour chacun des trois terrains, cette étape comprend une étude de terrain qualitative combinée à une analyse historiographique et à une analyse textuelle de documents de planification selon la méthode Alceste. Cette étape débouche sur la formulation de quatre faits stylisés chronologiques traduisant la succession de quatre phases constitutives du cycle de vie d’un mode d’usage de l’eau particulier. La deuxième partie est d’ordre théorique. Elle correspond aux étapes de caractérisation et de compréhension. Ces deux étapes reposent sur la mobilisation d’une grille théorique nouvelle élaborée par Billaudot sur la base d’une mise en rapport de l’institutionnalisme de Commons et de l’institutionnalisme sociologique de l’approche interprétative de l’économie des conventions (Boltanski et Thévenot). Qualifiée d’institutionnalisme historique et pragmatique, cette approche se présente comme une perspective d’approfondissement de l’institutionnalisme historique de la théorie de la régulation. Elle a pour objectif d’articuler genèse et fonction des institutions et conduit notamment à associer à chacune des modalités de règlement des transactions de Commons une valeur de référence et un bien supérieur. Ainsi, le mode d’usage de l’eau particulier ayant connu une phase de régime en Espagne et au Maroc au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle est qualifié d’« hydrauliciste ». Il se caractérise par une représentation de l’eau essentiellement comme ressource d’allocation, dont l’abondance obtenue par des infrastructures à haute intensité de génie civil constitue une des prérogatives de l’État « moderne » qui, en aval, régit également son usage. L’identification des principales caractéristiques du mode d’usage « hydrauliciste » permet d’aboutir à la troisième étape, à savoir la compréhension des déterminants de son entrée en crise à partir des années 1980. D’une part, cette crise porte sur l’arrivée à terme des régularités antérieures quant à l’ajustement réciproque de l’offre et des usages finals de l’eau produite : on constate une raréfaction des ressources primaires (on qualifie cet aspect de « crise de la régulation »). D’autre part, elle correspond à la remise en question du cadre institutionnel qui soutient le volet économique (on constate une « crise du fondement du régime »). Ainsi, les normes sont partiellement disqualifiées par un double processus de délocalisation en faveur d’une décentralisation de la gestion de l’eau. De plus, le caractère non soutenable du mode d’usage antérieur conduit à l’émergence d’aspirations écologistes concrétisées par la proposition de nouvelles normes d’usage. Le registre de socialisation écologique pour lequel l’eau est comprise comme un milieu de vie se renforce. Au final, nous aboutissons à l’identification d’un nouveau mode d’usage actuellement en vigueur. Nous montrons qu’il ne procède pas d’une rupture paradigmatique mais correspond à un « régime de crise ». / This PhD dissertation focuses on water scarcity. Contrary to a-historical and technical analyses centred on physical water shortage, we develop a social-contingent approach in which water use is fundamental. Observing is the first step. It is based on an empirical analysis of the evolution of the water use mode in Almeria (Andalusia) and in Marrakech and Agadir (Morocco) between the end of the 19th century and today, thanks to fieldwork coupled with a historiographical analysis. The water use mode (ARRUS) —as our observation domain— typifies the articulation of two components: an “economic” component, related to the reciprocal adjustment of supply and final uses of produced water (formalised by technical norms: “procedure-norms”) and an “institutional” component, related to social norms (“rule-norms”) which frame the rights to own, appropriate and use water resources. This step enables us to state four chronological stylised facts that define four stages of the living cycle of a particular water use mode. The next two steps are theoretical and deal with the analytical results obtained in the first step. They require a new theoretical grid designed by BILLAUDOT. This grid proposes to link historical institutionalism, i.e. Regulation theory and COMMONS, and the sociological institutionalism of the interpretative approach of the Economics of conventions (BOLTANSKI & THÉVENOT). This double critical appropriation aims at articulating the genesis and function of institutions and, more particularly, it enables us to link each of COMMONS’ transactions with a reference value and a superior common good targeted. Thus the second step aims at characterising the particular water use mode stamped “hydraulicist” which experienced a regime phase in Spain and in Morocco during the second half of the 20th century. It features a representation of water primarily as an allocation resource. Abundance, obtained via highly-intensive civil engineering infrastructures, is one of the “modern” State’s prerogatives, which also regulates the downstream use of water. The identification of this particular water use mode’s main characteristics leads to the third step, i.e. the understanding of the crisis determinants. On the one hand this crisis involves the termination of previous regularities concerning the reciprocal adjustment of supply and the final uses of produced water: a shortage of primary water resources appears. On the other hand the institutional framework that supports the economic component is questioned. Thus norms are partially disqualified by a double process of relocation in favour of water management decentralization. From a theoretical standpoint, this implies the withdrawal of the “collective-nation” value, in favour of the “freedom-competition” value associated with “bargaining”. In addition the unsustainability of the previous water use mode has led to the emergence of environmentalist claims, which demand the implementation of new water use norms. The ecological socialisation register, for which water is understood as a living environment, is then strengthened. Finally after having shown how water scarcity, understood as the failure of the “hydraulicist” water use mode, results from a complex process, we conclude by identifying a new water use mode. We show how it tries to address the limitations of the previous mode. Nevertheless, it actually does not imply a paradigm shift but corresponds to a “crisis regime”.

Le présent projet de thèse, élaboré dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre l’Université de Pise et l’Université Paris Est Marne la Vallée, vise à étudier l'impact du financement de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS), interprétée comme modèle socio -économique ancré dans le paradigme du "commun", par rapport à sa capacité de transformation sociale, en France et en Italie. La recherche s’appuiera sur le cadre théorique de l'approche institutionnaliste en économie et se focalisera sur l'importance de l'élaboration juridique pour l'affiramtion de la diversité des systèmes et des institutions économiques. En tant que doctorant de sciences juridiques de l’Université de Pise en cotutelle avec l’Université de Paris Est dans le domaine des sciences économiques, je propose de compléter la recherche juridique classique, entendue comme l'analyse critique du droit positif, par des recherches relevant d’autres disciplines. Les hypothèses seront verifiées par des études de terrain en France et en Italie. / The thesis, developed within the framework of an international co-direction agreement between the University of Paris Est Marne-La-Vallée, in France, and the University of Pise, in Italy, aims to explore the impact of instruments for financing Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS), understood as a social and econonomic model anchored in the paradigm of the "commons", in relation to her capacity for social transformation, in France and in Italy. The study will be based on the approch of Institutional economics and will focus on the importance of the legal development for the affirmation of the diversity of the economic systems and institutions. As a doctoral candidate in law at the University of Pise in co-direction with the University of Paris Est in the field of economics, I propose to improve the legal research with further researches in other disciplines. The hypothesis will be tested by field studies in France and in Italy.

No description available.

No description available.

OBJECTIVE: An alcohol-drinking culture exists among first-time-in-college students, where many of these students come to their university relatively inexperienced with alcohol, which may increase alcohol-related consequences. Several interventions exist to combat this campus problem. The current study investigates the use of a Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT) intervention, presented in a web-based manner, to increase alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS), such as monitoring drinks, using a designated driver, and drinking water in between alcoholic beverages, among college freshmen. METHOD: College freshmen participants (N = 157) completed web-based surveys examining alcohol behaviors once a week for six weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a positive frame about individuals who used PBS, a negative frame about individuals who did not use PBS, or a control group that did not receive a DRT intervention. Participants also reported their perception of PBS use among UCF students and friend. Data was analyzed in each PBS subtype: Manner of Drinking, Stop/Limiting Drinking, and Serious Harm Reduction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results indicate a negatively framed message with high perceived norm levels results in increased PBS use, which may suggest college freshmen have a strong drive to "fit in", or avoid standing out in negative ways. Further, there seems to be little desire to standout in positive ways among first-year students. This may be indicative of individuals who modify their behavior in order to assimilate to a new and unfamiliar environment. Furthermore, some PBS strategies were associated with decreases in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Results suggest a DRT intervention may be beneficial to first-time-in-college students.

The first goal for the study was to estimate trait effects and social influences for racial centrality, racial private regard, and racial public regard. The second was to estimate correlational relationships between racial identity, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The study used 110 Black university students (Mage=19.5,SD=4.13) from a southeastern American university. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to estimate variance components for all constructs. Racial centrality, racial private regard, and racial public regard consisted of mostly trait effects, although reflecting substantial social influences. Correlational findings indicated that providers who evoked high racial centrality also evoked low depression, low anxiety, and were seen as supportive. Providers who evoked racial private regard also evoked low depression, low anxiety, and were seen as supportive. Socially influenced racial public regard had no statistically significant links to other constructs. Findings suggest socially influenced racial identity holds links to mental health outcomes and social support.