Orientador: Fatima Regina Rodrigues Evora / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Huimanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramos_JosePortugaldosSantos_D.pdf: 2384313 bytes, checksum: e2f5697953843c457eadf3019953438a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O propósito desta tese é explicar o método cartesiano por meio da lógica matemática que opera a sua constituição. Defende-se nesta pesquisa que, a partir dessa explicação do método, Descartes encontram meios que viabilizam a orientação de suas experimentações científicas. As experimentações científicas são iniciadas, então, quando Descartes encontra previamente uma determinada demonstração geométrica e visa, a partir desta, justificar os resultados da reconstrução de um fenômeno físico. No entanto, tal reconstrução requer outros meios da aplicação do método, pois neste momento trata-se da investigação de objetos que compõem um fenômeno físico. Nesta perspectiva, a aplicação do método de Descartes prescreve dois procedimentos de investigação científica, a saber, os procedimentos de redução e reconstrução. Sustenta-se nesta pesquisa que esses procedimentos requerem objetos manipuláveis que possibilitem, por meio do uso de suposições e analogias, a justificação experimental dos efeitos observados nos objetos físicos (ou seja, do fenômeno físico investigado). As obras de Descartes utilizadas nesta pesquisa são o Discurso do método e Ensaios complementares: A Geometria, a Dióptrica, os Meteoros, e ainda as Regras para orientação do espírito / Abstract: This thesis aims to explain the cartesian method through the mathematical logic which operates its constitution. It is defended in this thesis that, in this explanation of the method, Descartes finds geometric demonstrations that can guide his scientific experimentations. The scientific experimentations are started, so, when Descartes previously finds a particular geometrical demonstration and aims, through such demonstration, to justify the results of the reconstruction of physical phenomenon. However, such a reconstruction requires other means of the method's application, because in this moment it treats on the investigation of objects which compose a physical phenomenon. At this prospect, the application of Descartes' method prescribes two procedures of scientific enquiry, to wit, the ones of reduction and reconstruction. It is maintained in this thesis that such procedures require controllable objects which make possible, through suppositions and analogies, the experimental justification of the effects observed in the physics objects (i. e., as an investigated physical phenomenon). The works of Descartes used here are the Discourse on the Method and Complementary Essays: Geometry, Dioptrics, Meteors, and also Rules for the Direction of the Mind / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutor em Filosofia

Le présent travail propose une réflexion sur l'aspect social des émotions par l'entremise d'un examen de la dimension conflictuelle de 3 émotions: le désir, la honte et le dégoût. L'aspect problématique de ces émotions se situe au niveau de leur hypertrophie, en ce qu'elle encourage une emphase sur le soi, sur l'autosuffisance et la toute-puissance de l'individu, ce qui se traduit par des répercussions interpersonnelles, notamment la réduction marquée de la diversité des relations humaines qu'entretient l'individu avec les autres, et intrapersonnelles, particulièrement la narcotisation de l'identité individuelle. Cette réflexion est animée par la pensée de 3 principaux auteurs: celle de René Girard et de Martha C. Nussbaum afin d'explorer, pour chaque émotion, les implications de leur hypertrophie chez l'individu, puis de l'incidence du contexte social sur l'hypertrophie de ces émotions; celle d'Hannah Arendt afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique des relations humaines et comme palliatif à ces répercussions interpersonnelles et intrapersonnelles.

Orientador: Eneias Junior Forlin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:12:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_Regis_M.pdf: 556464 bytes, checksum: 3cc419022ecb112e8fd0ee59cd6d9ba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivos: A) tentar entender os motivos da recusa cartesiana da experiência da loucura, no plano de sua crítica ao conhecimento na Primeira Meditação. B) verificar se não inserida numa perspectiva cartesiana, a adesão à loucura como experiência cética, poderia ser sustentada. C) analisar criticamente as interpretações que Foucault e Derrida realizam sobre a recusa cartesiana da loucura por um lado, e a admissão da experiência dos sonhos por outro. Quanto ao primeiro objetivo, foi verificado que a adesão à experiência da loucura travaria todo o empenho filosófico cartesiano. Quanto ao segundo objetivo, a partir da análise de um recente artigo intitulado "O argumento da loucura", verificou-se que a loucura pode sim ser sustentada como artifício cético. Finalmente, concluímos que há, tanto em Foucault, quanto em Derrida inexatidões interpretativas no tocante às suas análises sobre a recusa da loucura por Descartes. / Abstract: This work has for objectives: A) try understand the reasons of the Cartesian refusal of the experience of madness in the plan of its critical one to the knowledge in the First Meditation. B) verify if not inserted in a cartesian perspective, the adhesion to madness as skeptical experience, could be supported. C) to critically analyze the interpretations that Foucault and Derrida realize on the cartesian refusal of madness on the one hand, and the admission of the experience of the dreams another one. How much to the first objective, it was verified that the adhesion to the experience of madness would stop the cartesian philosophical persistence. How much to the second objective, from the analysis of one recent intitled article "the argument of madness", was verified that madness can yes be supported as skeptical artifice. Finally, we conclude that, as much in Foucault, how much in Derrida exist interpretative mistake, in regards to its analysis on the refusal of madness for Descartes. / Mestrado / Doutor em Filosofia

The master's thesis discusses basic elements of metaphysics by René Descartes. The first part of the thesis focuses on his personal life because certain events shaped and influenced his further actions and ideas. To understand the context of time, the paper presents history knowledge that is relevant to the topic. René Descartes is still known today for his philosophical ideas which helped to develop findings in the field of metaphysics. During his lifetime, that is the first half of the 17th century, natural sciences were gaining in popularity. The thesis follows up with mathematization and geometrization of nature. Descartes' basic premise of knowledge is methodical skepticism which ultimately results in his first personal certainty of philosophy. Next part focuses on the clarification of the dualistic concept of two different substances - rez extensa and res cogitans. The largest and most important part deals with the mechanical conception of the human body. René Descartes believes that the human body is a machine operated by mechanical principles. The thesis introduces a systematic description of the body which logically justifies the primary ideas of this French philosopher. KEYWORDS René Descartes, methaphysics, dualism, mind, body, God, machine, mathematics, geometry

La novela El beso de la mujer araña de Manuel Puig trata sobre dos presos que comparten la misma celda en una cárcel bonaerense durante la dictadura militar argentina. El texto se presenta en su mayor parte como un diálogo entre Molina, un homosexual de edad media, y Valentín, un joven militante de la izquierda. En el presente estudio se emplea el paradigma mimético de René Girard para analizar el deseo amoroso del personaje Valentín. A través de la utilización de la hermenéutica como método de interpretación del texto, nuestra tesina sostiene que el deseo de Valentín refleja su necesidad de trascendencia, que finalmente alcanza al término de la obra.

Le présent mémoire, s’articulant autour de quatre œuvres de Bernard-Marie Koltès, se propose de problématiser les rapports intersubjectifs mis en scène dans l’œuvre de l’auteur à partir du motif du désir. Il s’agira de comprendre sous quelle forme de désir s’élaborent les rapports interhumains représentés par Koltès. Plutôt que de fonder notre approche sur une lecture psychanalytique, notre perspective se déploie à partir du concept de désir tel que forgé par le philosophe et anthropologue René Girard. Cette approche particulière nous a permis de dégager une certaine logique des comportements apparemment arbitraires et contradictoires chez les protagonistes. Nous avons relié entre eux des gestes, des attitudes, des renversements émotifs qui apparaissent souvent étrangers les uns aux autres afin de donner à voir une facette différente aux textes koltésiens. Le premier chapitre est consacré au statut des objets dans l’œuvre de Koltès ; même s’ils sont au centre des interactions entre personnages, leur fonction est essentiellement de servir de prétexte à leurs échanges. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objet l’ambivalence des rapports intersubjectifs qui unissent les protagonistes ; il s’agit de comprendre sur quoi se fonde cette dualité (amour/haine) qui caractérise les rapports entre les sujets koltésiens. Par un détour à travers les théories de la reconnaissance, le troisième chapitre traite des stratagèmes mis en place par les protagonistes pour entretenir des relations nécessaires au développement de leur être sans pour autant admettre leur besoin existentiel des autres. Ultimement, il s’agit pour nous de comprendre ce qui unit des personnages ouvertement hostiles les uns envers les autres. / This thesis, based on four works by Bernard-Marie Koltès, proposes to problematize the intersubjective relationships staged in the author's work according to the motif of desire. Its aim is to understand the form of desire on which the interhuman relationships represented by Koltès are built. Rather than basing our approach on a psychoanalytical reading, our perspective is based on the concept of desire as forged by the philosopher and anthropologist René Girard. This particular approach allowed us to identify a certain logic in the apparently arbitrary and contradictory behaviors of the protagonists. We linked together gestures, attitudes, and emotional reversals that often appear foreign to each other in order to show a different facet of the Koltesian texts. The first chapter is devoted to the status of objects in Koltès' work; even if they are at the center of the exchanges, their function is essentially that of a pretext. The second chapter treats the ambivalence of the intersubjective relationships that unite the protagonists; the aim here is to understand the basis of this duality (love/hate) which characterizes the relations between the Koltesian subjects. By a detour through the theories of recognition, the third chapter discusses the stratagems put in place by the protagonists to maintain intersubjective relations necessary to the development of their being without admitting their existential need of others. Ultimately, it is about understanding what unites characters who are openly hostile to each other.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.