The work in this thesis focuses on the preparation of epitaxial Nd-Fe-B thin films using pulsed laser deposition for good hard magnetic properties. They are suitable for a basic understanding of the intrinsic magnetic properties. Compositional control was necessary to achieve phase formation with improved magnetic properties. Nd-Fe-B samples were prepared on single crystal MgO (001) substrates with different buffer layers in order to obtain good textures with different surface morphology. The smooth and continuous epitaxial films were suitable for performing magnetization measurements under stress. Although the magnetostriction is easily neglected in the Nd2Fe14B compound, distinguishable inverse magnetostriction was observed by conventional tensile elongation with a flexible substrate. As a result, anisotropic strain in the film, which breaks the in-plane symmetry, affected the opening angle during the spin reorientation. Therefore an elliptical distortion of the in-plane anisotropy below the spin reorientation temperature of Nd2Fe14B was obtained, whereas the transition temperature itself was not influenced significantly. / Diese Arbeit behandelt die Herstellung dünner epitaktischer Nd-Fe-B-Schichten mit gepulster Laserdeposition mit dem Ziel, gute hartmagnetische Eigenschaften zu erreichen. Diese Schichten sind außerdem für das Verständnis grundlegender magnetischer Eigenschaften geeignet. Die Kontrolle der Zusammensetzung ist notwendig, um die Phasenbildung und optimale hartmagnetische Eigenschaften zu erreichen. Nd-Fe-B-Schichten wurden auf einkristallinen MgO (001)-Substraten mit verschiedenen Buffern deponiert, um unterschiedliche Texturen und Oberflächenmorphologien einzustellen. Die glatten kontinuierlichen epitaktischen Schichten ermöglichen die Messung der Magnetisierung bei gleichzeitig angelegter mechanischer Spannung. Obwohl die Magnetostriktion bei Nd-Fe-B im Allgemeinen vernachlässigt werden kann, konnte an Nd-Fe-B-Schichten nach dem Aufbringen einer Dehnung auf ein flexibles Substrat eine deutliche inverse Magnetostriktion induziert werden. Die anisotrope Dehnung in der Schicht, die die Symmetrie in der Schichtebene bricht, beeinflusst die Öffnungswinkel bei der Spinreorientierung. Damit wurde unterhalb der Spinreorientierungstemperatur eine elliptische Verzerrung der Anisotropie in der Schichtebene erreicht, die Übergangstemperatur selbst änderte sich dagegen nicht signifikant.

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Les immigrantes hautement qualifiées rencontrent de nombreux obstacles à leur arrivée au Québec face à leur insertion professionnelle et économique. Les difficultés au plan de la reconnaissance des qualifications étrangères, les pratiques discriminatoires des entreprises et les stratégies et obligations familiales placent de nombreuses immigrantes dans une situation de déqualification professionnelle. Malgré un niveau de scolarité déjà élevé, plusieurs immigrantes vont opter pour un retour aux études, dans l’espoir qu’un diplôme local puisse améliorer leur situation professionnelle. Cette recherche porte sur la réorientation professionnelle des immigrantes hautement qualifiées. Elle étudie le parcours de réorientation, tel un continuum se présentant en quatre étapes, soit la décision de participer à une formation, le choix d’orientation professionnelle, le déroulement de la formation et l’accès à un emploi correspondant à cette formation. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer l’impact des obstacles rencontrés par les immigrantes à leur arrivée au Québec sur ce parcours de réorientation. Les résultats obtenus suite à des entretiens réalisés avec douze immigrantes indiquent notamment une diminution importante du degré de déqualification après l’obtention d’un diplôme local. Si cette stratégie d’adaptation semble porter fruit à cet égard, les résultats montrent également la persistance de certains obstacles. L’analyse de la trajectoire de réorientation révèle aussi un effet en cascades d’une étape du parcours sur l’autre. / Highly skilled immigrant women face numerous obstacles upon their arrival in Quebec with regards to their professional and economic integration. A lack of recognition of foreign qualifications, discriminatory business practices, as well as strategies and family obligations represent difficulties that lead to the deskilling of many immigrant women. Despite a high level of education before their arrival, many of them will opt for a return to school in the hope that a local diploma will improve their occupational status. This research paper focuses on the professional reorientation of highly skilled immigrant women. It examines the course of reorientation as a continuum in four stages, namely, the decision to undergo training, career choices, training process and access to employment related to that training. The objective of this research paper is to explore the impact of the barriers that immigrant women face upon arrival in Quebec and along the course of reorientation. The results obtained from interviews conducted with twelve immigrant women indicate an important decrease in the degree of deskilling upon attainment of a local diploma. Although this coping strategy seems to be working in this regard, the results also depict the persistence of certain obstacles. Trajectory analysis reveals a cascading effect from one step of the process to the next.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades estruturais e termomagnéticas dos pseudobinários Ho1-yGdyAl2, através de abordagens experimentais e teóricas. A parte experimental envolveu a preparação de cinco amostras, com as concentrações y = 0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 e 1, assim como medidas de magnetização, calor especifico e da variação adiabática da temperatura. Na parte teórica usamos um hamiltoniano modelo que leva em consideração a interação dos íons com o campo magnético aplicado, com o campo elétrico cristalino e a troca entre os íons magnéticos. A entropia da rede foi considerada na aproximação de Debye e a entropia eletrônica na aproximação do gás de elétrons livres. A influência das reorientações de spin, espontâneas e induzidas pelo campo magnético, na magnetização e no calor especifico foram investigadas sistematicamente tanto a partir de dados experimentais quanto teoricamente. Também obtemos resultados teóricos para a variação de entropia e variação adiabática da temperatura alterando a intensidade ou a direção do campo magnético. / In this work the structural and thermomagnetic properties of the pseudobinaries Ho1-yGdyAl2 have been studied by experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental part included the preparation of five samples, with concentrations y = 0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 and 1, as well as magnetization, specific heat and adiabatic temperature change measurements. In the theoretical part we used a model Hamiltonian which includes the interaction of the ions with the applied magnetic field, the crystalline electrical field and exchange interactions with others magnetic ions. The lattice entropy has been considered within Debyes approach and the electronic entropy as that of a free electron gas. The spin reorientation influence, spontaneous and magnetic field induced ones, in magnetization and specific heat has been systematically investigated either from experimental data as well as theoretically. We have also obtained theoretical results for the isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change by modifying either the magnetic field strength or its direction.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-02-21T13:57:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1455371 bytes, checksum: a042573ddfcde7b2f104d8e407f11241 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T13:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1455371 bytes, checksum: a042573ddfcde7b2f104d8e407f11241 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research analyzes information as a regulatory element of the legal institutes of intellectual property (IP), presenting a view on the legal protection of IP in the national and international levels. Performs considerations about the weaknesses of the institutes that regulate IP taking in account its non-flexible character. These institutes are present in different areas of juridical sciences, and do not fully include the diversity of the human intellect creations that arise in the modern world scenario, like the intellectual property associated with the Digital Information and Communication Technologies. Verifies the way in which information enters the legal world as a means to regulate Intellectual Property. For this, the research tries to identify access barriers to the applicability of the institutes, and builds a concept of informational goods, in which information is presented containing characteristics that may concern identified or that bring flexibility gaps, including that can reach goods that the current law does not govern. The applied research methodology is qualitative, documentary and bibliographic, using hermeneutics instrumentation as required for analyzing the institutes. Finally, trying to indicate a path to normative feedback of institutes of PI, recognizes information as economic value based on the intellectual work, codified knowledge that reflects the intellectual capital, constitute the informational assets that can be regulated by homogeneous individual rights. / Este estudo analisa a informação como elemento de regulação dos institutos jurídicos da Propriedade Intelectual (PI), apresentando uma visão sobre a proteção jurídica da PI no âmbito nacional e internacional. Realiza considerações sobrea deficiência dos institutos que regulam a PI, pelo seu caráter de rigidez, por estarem previstos em áreas distintas das ciências jurídicas e não contemplarem, em sua totalidade, a diversidade de criações do intelecto humano que surge no ambiente do mundo moderno, a exemplo dos bens intelectuais advindos das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Verifica o modo pelo qual a informação adentra no mundo jurídico como meio de regulação da Propriedade Intelectual. Para isso, a pesquisa busca identificar as barreiras de acesso à aplicabilidade dos institutos, além de procurar construir um conceito de bens informacionais, no qual a informação apresenta-se contendo características próprias que possam abranger as lacunas identificadas ou que traga flexibilidade, inclusive para que possa atingir bens que a legislação vigente ainda não rege. Com relação à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, documental e bibliográfica, utilizando-se como instrumentalização a hermenêutica, pela necessidade de análise dos institutos. Ao final, buscando indicar um caminho para reorientação normativa dos institutos da PI, reconhece a informação como valor econômico, tendo como base o trabalho intelectual, gerador de conhecimento codificado, que reflete como resultado o capital intelectual, passando a constituir os bens informacionais que podem ser regidos por direitos individuais homogêneos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades estruturais e termomagnéticas dos pseudobinários Ho1-yGdyAl2, através de abordagens experimentais e teóricas. A parte experimental envolveu a preparação de cinco amostras, com as concentrações y = 0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 e 1, assim como medidas de magnetização, calor especifico e da variação adiabática da temperatura. Na parte teórica usamos um hamiltoniano modelo que leva em consideração a interação dos íons com o campo magnético aplicado, com o campo elétrico cristalino e a troca entre os íons magnéticos. A entropia da rede foi considerada na aproximação de Debye e a entropia eletrônica na aproximação do gás de elétrons livres. A influência das reorientações de spin, espontâneas e induzidas pelo campo magnético, na magnetização e no calor especifico foram investigadas sistematicamente tanto a partir de dados experimentais quanto teoricamente. Também obtemos resultados teóricos para a variação de entropia e variação adiabática da temperatura alterando a intensidade ou a direção do campo magnético. / In this work the structural and thermomagnetic properties of the pseudobinaries Ho1-yGdyAl2 have been studied by experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental part included the preparation of five samples, with concentrations y = 0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 and 1, as well as magnetization, specific heat and adiabatic temperature change measurements. In the theoretical part we used a model Hamiltonian which includes the interaction of the ions with the applied magnetic field, the crystalline electrical field and exchange interactions with others magnetic ions. The lattice entropy has been considered within Debyes approach and the electronic entropy as that of a free electron gas. The spin reorientation influence, spontaneous and magnetic field induced ones, in magnetization and specific heat has been systematically investigated either from experimental data as well as theoretically. We have also obtained theoretical results for the isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change by modifying either the magnetic field strength or its direction.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:00:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissetacao Ueslene Pontes.pdf: 385980 bytes, checksum: 3c2a165fb5108d4aac69b2cd536c8b31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-12 / This study aims to examine process of implementation of the Reorientation Course in the State of Goiás from the perspective of science teachers in the city of Iporá GO. Whereas the proposed changes to the curriculum aims to meet the requirements of funding agencies and who often come to teachers without discussion and without consideration of their reality, analysis and reflection on the vision of these teachers regarding these proposed changes in their practice is of crucial importance since it is the teacher who runs, experiences and identifies the effects of this deployment. This is survey was conducted with science teachers from the 6th to 9th grade public school state Iporá -Goiás, and the instruments used were the questionnaire and semi structured interviews. Through these instruments have sought to know, first, what is the understanding of teachers about the process of implementing the Curriculum Reorientation in Goiás during the period 2004 to 2010, and identify which are the participating teachers‟ conceptions regarding the science curriculum, and know what changes are already effective in the practice of these teachers. As proposed intervention, this study aims to seek subsidies for training of teachers regarding the implementation of these changes in their practice based on the Reorientation Course. We performed a brief analysis of Reports "Resume Debate on" material that contains the proposal of the Curriculum Reorientation and was distributed by the Ministry of Education of Goiás to all public schools. The results of this study indicate that despite the expiration of seven years the process of reorientation Course there are still many doubts, many mistakes, shortcomings and difficulties to implement the changes suggested by the proposal. Thus, this research concluded that there must be more time for discussion and study on the curriculum for initial training, plus conditions for the creation of study groups by area for discussions and exchanges of experiences. / O presente estudo objetiva analisar o processo de implementação da Reorientação Curricular na perspectiva dos professores de Ciências de 6º ao 9º ano, na cidade de Iporá-GO, tendo como foco as concepções sobre currículo no contexto político, cultural e econômico, no período de 2004 a 2010. Considerando que as propostas de mudanças no currículo tem o intuito de atender as exigências dos órgãos de fomento e que muitas vezes, chegam aos professores sem uma discussão e sem considerar sua realidade, a análise e a reflexão sobre a visão destes professores diante dessas propostas de mudança na sua prática tem uma importância fundamental uma vez que é ele, o professor, quem executa, vivencia e identifica os efeitos desta implantação. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com professores de Ciências de 6º ao 9º ano de escolas públicas estaduais de Iporá-Goiás; e os instrumentos usados foram questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. Por meio destes instrumentos se procurou saber, inicialmente, qual é a compreensão dos professores sobre o processo de implementação da Reorientação Curricular em Goiás no período de 2004 a 2010, além de identificar quais são as concepções dos professores participantes em relação ao currículo de Ciências, bem como conhecer quais as mudanças já efetivadas na prática destes professores. Como intervenção, este estudo busca subsídios para a formação dos professores no que diz respeito à implementação destas mudanças em sua prática com base na Reorientação Curricular. Foi realizada uma breve análise dos Cadernos Currículo em Debate , material que contem a proposta da Reorientação Curricular e que foi distribuído pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás para todas as escolas públicas. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que apesar de decorridos sete anos do processo de Reorientação Curricular ainda há muitas dúvidas, muitos equívocos, carências e dificuldades em se concretizar as mudanças sugeridas pela proposta. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa concluiu que é necessário que haja mais tempo para discussão e estudo sobre o currículo, durante a formação inicial, além de mais condições para a criação de grupos de estudo por área para discussões e trocas de experiências.

De nouvelles approches phénoménologiques sur la modélisation du comportement des AMFs sont nécessaires pour tenir en compte leur réponse complexe sous chargement multiaxial. L’effet de l’anisotropie induit une dépendance de leur comportement inélastique de la direction du chargement pour des cas superélastiques. La réorientation martensitique affecte drastiquement la réponse du matériau sous chargement non-proportionnel. La charge répétitive modifie aussi certaines propriétés du matériau. L’objectif de cette étude est de proposer un nouveau modèle constitutif thermodynamique robuste pour les AMFs, focalisé surtout sur des compositions NiTi équiatomiques pour capter la transformation martensitique anisotrope et la réorientation des variantes martensitiques. Une nouvelle approche mathématique est introduite pour permettre la prise en compte de l’anisotropie de contraintes et l’évolution des déformations inélastiques lors de la transformation directe, causée par les conditions de mise en forme de structures en AMFs. Cette méthode est évaluée en employant des courbes contraintes-déformations résultant de chargements proportionnels simulés par un modèle micromécanique. Un modèle phénoménologique considérant surtout la réorientation martensitique et mettant en évidence le fort couplage thermomécanique est développé. Il est implémenté dans une plate-forme numérique en C++, SMART+, et évalué en exécutant des simulations des expériences non-proportionnelles existantes. Des structures complexes sont également simulées en employant la Méthode des Élements Finis. La dernière partie de ce travail concerne l’étude expérimentale des effets du chargement cyclique sur l’évolution des déformations résiduelles et le seuil de transformation des alliages NiTi sous sollicitation uniaxiale et biaxiale. / New phenomenological approaches in modeling the behavior of SMAs are needed to account for their complex response under multiaxial loading. The effect of anisotropy induces a dependence of their inelastic behavior to the direction of the loading for superelastic cases. Martensitic reorientation affects drastically material response under non-proportional loading. Repeated loading also alters certain material properties. The goal of this study is to propose a new robust thermodynamic constitutive model for SMAs with focus on equiatomic NiTi compositions to capture anisotropic martensitic transformation and reorientation of martensitic variants, always taking in mind the strong thermomechanical coupling. A new mathematical approach is introduced to account for the anisotropy of stresses and the evolution of inelastic strains during forward transformation caused by the forming conditions of SMA structures. This method is evaluated by utilizing stress-strain curves resulting from proportional loading simulated with a micromechanical model. A phenomenological thermodynamic model considering especially martensitic reorientation and exhibiting the strong thermomechanical coupling is developed. It is implemented on a numerical platform in C++, SMART, and evaluated by simulating existing non-proportional experiments. Complex structures are also simulated using Finite Element Analysis. The last part of this work concerns the experimental study of the effects of cyclic loading to the evolution of residual strain and transformation threshold of NiTi under uniaxial and biaxial testing.

This research is aimed at studying the business strategies of young small businesses in Finland and Ireland. Needless to say those young small businesses are critical to many economies despite their size. Studying their operational strategies and finding ways to re orient them to attain and sustain their business goals despite being faced with economic challenges, is therefore of scholastic interest To carry out this study, a qualitative method was used. The primary data used was interview of the manager of four young small firms; two from Finland and two from Ireland. To achieve geographical spread and diversity of information 4 firms were selected: 2 each from Finland and Ireland. And to avoid management bias in information delivery; we interviewed selected employees to help cross check information gathered from the latter. Some randomly selected employees of these firms were also interviewed. Secondary data such as literature collected from books, journals and previous researches were also used. Findings on strategies that the businesses applied during their operation were qualitatively analyzed and recommendations made to help re-orient such businesses. The analysis of the collected data revealed that products and service offerings, strategic marketing and communication, operational costs effectiveness, business educational background as well as commitment of the entrepreneur coupled with the corporate social responsibility affects the goals and for that matter the success of young small businesses. In Recommendation, it is therefore that if young small businesses would not consider their size and scale of operation but objectively adhere to strategy formation principles, they would experience swift strategy implementation guidelines and be in a better position to monitor and control their progress to be able to effect appropriate changes on time in order to sustain their business goals in the long run notwithstanding the economic challenges they face.

In this dissertation the healing acts of Jesus in John are investigated against the ancient Mediterranean socio-religious and cultural background in which it realized. All sickness and healing realities realize within a particular socio-cultural context and may differ significantly within different cultures. For example, less than one hundred years ago depression was not diagnosed as an illness and there existed no therapeutic processes for the disease. When one investigates ancient healing narratives which tell of sickness realities almost 2000 years ago, before the dawn of the Western Bio-Medical research system and modernism, one must remember that the sickness realities of that time will differ to a great extent from the modern project‘s sickness realities and its constructs. The researcher must in other words be very sensitive about anachronistic misinterpretations and ethnocentrism - that is, a reductionistic view of sickness (and other) realities through your own worldview. For this reason the term sickness is used as an umbrella term, and a distinction is made between the curing of a disease and the healing of an illness. The word group curing and disease are words that are used in the Western Bio-Medical world, and are also deeply imbedded within the modernistic philosophical worldview. On the other hand the word group healing of an illness is more inclusive in the sense that it is sensitive to sickness realities as experienced and constructed in ancient Mediterranean societies. In the first century ancient Mediterranean temple oriented Judaism for example, a particular disease (like skin disease), unlike today, also had negative socio-religious implications for the afflicted person which sometimes resulted in marginalization and status deconstruction. Turning to John‘s healing narratives it should also be taken into account that his healing acts are presented as σημετα that is, signs which illustrate that Jesus is the Son of God, the source of life (cf. John 20:30-31; 10:32; 6:14). The question to be answered is, in what way does John present the healing narratives in order to illustrate that Jesus is the true source of Life (cf. John 1:4). The thesis is thus developed that John presents sickness realities that closely represent ¯"death”, crisis, disorientation, brokenness and loss of life possibilities within the ancient Mediterranean symbolic universe. John then presents Jesus as the divine transformation Agent, who restores and recreates life possibilities after a transformational interaction with the sick person. It is also argued that John‘s understanding of healing is not to be limited to the traditional Western Biomedical paradigm revolving around the curing of disease but also includes a view of Jesus‘ role as healer and restorer of spiritual brokenness, a tradition which originated in the Old Testament. The narrative regarding the discussion between Jesus and the Samaritan woman is used as an example of a situation in which Jesus offers someone the gift of life and spiritual restoration or healing which resulted in the representation of reality. Lastly it will be argued why the resurrection could be understood as a Johannine σημετον and also be interpreted as the culminating healing act in John‘s Gospel, illustrating that Jesus is the true source of life in abundance (cf. John 1:4; 10:10). / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / New Testament Studies / PhD / Unrestricted