In den letzten Jahren hat die russische Musikwissenschaft die internationalen Ursprünge der russischen Musikkultur erneut zum Gegenstand ihres Interesses gemacht. Das betrifft insbesondere St. Petersburg, die \"europäischste\" Stadt Rußlands, die seit ihrer Gründung 1703 ausländische Mentalitäten gleichsam in sich aufsog.

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I det här arbetet har jag undersökt hur fiollärare med förankring i folkmusiken undervisar samt vilka eventuella områden som de lägger vikt vid och varför. Jag valde att göra en kvalitativ intervju med fem informanter. Mitt mål var att välja fiollärare med utbildning från musikhögskola, men för övrigt med så varierande bakgrund som möjligt. Jag har ställt intervjusvaren mot några klassiska fiolmetoder. Jag har inte kommit fram till några nya perspektiv eller infallsvinklar i folkmusikundervisningen. Jag ser istället likheter mellan informanternas undervisning och de klassiska metoderna. Momentens syfte kan dock variera. I folkmusikundervisningen används gehörsundervisning i alla åldrar. Informanterna tycker det är viktigt att eleverna tycker det är kul att spela fiol och musicera och att man lättare når fram till musicerandet om man utgå från gehöret. / In this study, I will examine how violin teachers with roots in folk music teach, and if there are any areas which they prioritize and why. I chose to make a qualitative interview with five interviewees. My goal was to choose violin teachers who had studied at a colleges of music, but also with as varied a background as possible. I have set interview responses against some classical violin methods. I have not reached any new perspective or angles in folk music teaching. Instead, I see similarities between the interviewees’ teaching and the classical methods. The aim for the methods may vary. In folk music, ear training is used among all ages. The interviewees think it is important that students enjoy playing the violin and to make music. It is easier to understand and grasp the music if you begin with ear training.

The Eastman Wind Ensemble is known as the pioneer ensemble of modern wind music in North America and abroad. Its founder and conductor, Frederick Fennell, was instrumental in facilitating the creation and performance of a large number of new works written for the specific instrumentation of the wind ensemble. Created in 1952, the EWE developed a new one-to-a-part instrumentation that could be varied based on the wishes of the composer. This change in instrumentation allowed for many more compositional choices when composing. The instrumentation was a dramatic shift from the densely populated ensembles that were standard in North America by 1952. The information on the EWE and Fennell is available at the Eastman School of Music’s Ruth Watanabe Archive. By comparing the repertory and instrumentation of the Eastman ensembles with other contemporary ensembles, Fennell’s revolutionary ideas are shown to be unique in the wind music community.

Die hier durchgeführte Analyse des Repertoires der Schlesischen Staatsoper dürfte es demnach ermöglichen, weitreichende Schlüsse in Bezug auf das Fungieren dieser Institution in ihrem Milieu zu ziehen.

Croisant théorie néo-institutionnaliste et théorie des mouvements sociaux, cette thèse en stratégie explore la dialectique entre travail institutionnel disruptif et travail institutionnel défensif mettant ainsi en évidence les stratégies et contre stratégies qui peuvent être déployées au sein d’un champ organisationnel. Grâce à une étude de cas longitudinale, nous étudions l’histoire de l’amiante en France, entre 1970 et 1997. Entre contestation et collaboration, le cas est marqué par des luttes institutionnelles longues et complexes. Notre analyse s’appuie sur des données d’archives variées dont des archives audiovisuelles. Notre étude souligne l’évolution des répertoires tactiques mobilisés contre l’institution. Les tactiques persuasives conduiront à un changement de la pratique institutionnalisée pourtant maintenue par un travail de défense marqué par la mise en place d’une organisation frontière, le Comité Permanent Amiante, appelé aujourd’hui le « lobby de l’or blanc ». Seules des tactiques destructrices, portant sur les dimensions les plus ouvertes de l’institution, conduiront à sa délégitimation. Nous soulignons alors le rôle du pilier régulatif dans cette stratégie / Within the field of strategy, the thesis deals with the role of social movements inthe process of deinstitutionalization through the concept of repertoire of tactics. This research studies how social movement actions lead to the delegitimization of a taken for granted practice. We focus on the dialectic between defensive and disruptive institutional work. Our method is based on a processual case study. Drawing from the asbestos industry in France from 1970’ to 1990’, we study dialectical struggles between social movement and institution. Our study emphasizes the evolution of repertoire of tactics. Persuasive tactics lead to an institutional change and yet the practice is maintained due to the creation of a boundary organization. Only destructives tactics, directed against more opened institutional pillars, can lead to the ban of the practice. We emphasize the role of the regulative dimension in this strategy

Egyptian fruit bats were observed in Prague Zoo, where stable conditions are provided (year-round food supply, stable temperature and roosts). The colony has bimodal breeding cycle. Births are synchronized and occur on the turn of April and May and in September. The mating occurs throughout the year but there is an increase during lactation and in the period outside parturitions. There is no obvious pattern in cluster dynamics. Bats roost in four clusters (left, middle, upper right and lower right). The presence of clusters throughout the year is stable except upper right cluster. There are changes in the number of clusters and in the number of individuals inside each cluster. Fruit bats occupy approximately the same spots in clusters, however young individuals show the highest variability. An autogrooming is balanced throughout the year, there is no regular pattern in the observation period and even no increase after artificial twilight. From these activities a licking of wing membranes and fur are the most often. The mother cares for her young especially during lactation and weaning, while the care decreases with a development of the young. This is especially true for the licking of the wing membranes. An allogrooming is the most common between male and female during lactation and in the period...

In field behavioural and ecological studies, it is often necessary to identify specific individuals. In birds, colour rings are often used as individual marks. However, rings might be difficult to observe, especially in small species and dense habitats. Thus recently, individual acoustic monitoring is becoming more commonly used to study of birds. This method is based on the recognition of individuals and often on the difference between temporal and spectral parameters of their vocalizations. However, in passerine species with more complex song these acoustic characteristics may not be reliable. In my thesis I used an alternative approach for the individual acoustic monitoring, based on differences in syllable repertoires of individual Tree Pipit males (Anthus trivialis). So far I have not found any study that would use a similar approach with other migratory passerine species with more complex song. The main aim of my study was to test the possibility of using syllable repertoires for recognition of specific individuals and to determine if this method is more efficient than identification by colour banding. From four years of research on the Tree Pipits population in the selected location in Brdy I received acoustic data from 59 males that I subsequently analyzed in a bioacoustic program. The...

Esta dissertação apresenta doze transcrições, realizadas pelo próprio autor, de obras selecionadas de Maurice Ravel e Claude Debussy. A realização das transcrições teve como referencial teórico a análise de duas das mais importantes transcrições da história do violão: - Siete Canciones Populares Españolas - original de Manuel de Falla para piano e voz, transcritas para violão e voz por Miguel Llobet - Venetian Gondola Song - original de Felix Mendelssohn para piano (livro I das Canções sem palavras, op. 19), transcrita por Francisco Tárrega O livro Guidelines for Style Analysis, de Jan LARUE foi o referencial teórico para as análises musicais. Os comentários analíticos se restringem à sua relação com os processos de transcrição. A arte da transcrição está diretamente associada ao violão e seu desenvolvimento. Uma perspectiva da história da transcrição para violão a partir do final do século XIX é apresentada e discutida. Soma-se a esta discussão a figura de Franz Liszt, um dos principais transcritores (para piano) da história da música. As transcrições são analisadas a fim de se abordar a problemática que cada uma envolve. A \"fidelidade musical\" é o principal foco deste trabalho, ou seja, a realização dos elementos musicais e ideia estética da obra original em seu novo meio: o violão. Para isso é necessário realizar uma transcrição idiomática, e os processos utilizados para esta busca são também apresentados e discutidos. / This dissertation presents twelve transcriptions, made by the own author, of selected works by Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy. The realization of the transcriptions had as a theorical referential the analysis of two of the most important transcriptions of the history of the guitar: - Siete Canciones Populares Españolas - original work by Manuel de Falla for piano and voice, transcribed for guitar and voice by Miguel Llobet - Venetian Gondola Song - original work by Felix Mendelssohn for piano (book I from the Songs without words, op. 19), transcribed by Francisco Tárrega The book Guidelines for Style Analysis, by Jan LARUE was the theorical reference for the musical analysis. The analytical comments are confined to their relationship with the processes of transcription. The art of transcription is directely associated to the guitar and its development. A perspective of the history of transcription for the guitar starting at the middle of the XIX century is presented and discussed. Adds to this discussion the figure of Franz Liszt, one of the most important transcribers (for the piano) in the history of music. The transcriptions are analysed in order to address the problem that each one involves. The \"musical fidelity\" is the main focus of this work, namely the realization of musical elements and aesthetic idea of the original work on its new instrument: the guitar. To achieve this is necessary to work on an idiomatic transcription, and the processes used on this quest are also presented and discussed.

O procedimento de omissão do reforço, em esquemas de reforçamento em intervalo-fixo, produz uma redução na pausa pós-reforço e, consequentemente, um aumento na frequência de respostas no próximo intervalo. Existem diferentes interpretações relacionadas ao efeito de omissão do reforço (EOR), baseadas em componentes atencionais / motivacionais. Estudos preliminares têm examinado o papel da ativação de alguns núcleos da amígdala na modulação destes componentes. Estudos recentes sugerem que as subestruturas da amígdala podem estar envolvidas em diferentes processos, e as conexões entre diferentes núcleos da amígdala e estruturas corticais / subcorticais também parecem estar envolvidas em processos relacionados a recompensas e expectativa. Outros estudos sugerem que a interação entre a amígdala e nucleus accumbens (NAC) é importante para a modulação de processos motivacionais. No entanto, não há estudos na literatura avaliando se lesões neurotóxicas em diferentes regiões corticais e subcorticais podem interferir nos EORs. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os EORs sobre o repertório comportamental em ratos com lesões do NAC, em procedimentos de condicionamento clássico e reforçamento não-contingente. Trinta ratos Wistar machos, divididos nos grupos accumbens e controle sham, foram submetidos a 28 sessões de treinamento com 8 práticas cada uma: 20 sessões pré-lesão, duas sessões de retreino e seis sessões pós-lesão (com omissão de reforço). Cada prática constituía de um sinal de 20 segundos (tom), seguindo-se a libertação de uma gota de água no 19º segundo. Em sessões com omissão, a água foi liberada em metade das práticas. Foram analisadas dez categorias comportamentais. A comparação entre taxas de duração durante as práticas de liberação e omissão do reforço mostrou que os grupos accumbens e controle sham apresentaram EORs. O grupo accumbens foi menos sensível aos EORs. Em relação às categorias comportamentais Farejar o bebedouro e Farejar a região do bebedouro, as taxas de duração do grupo controle sham durante a omissão foram maiores em relação às taxas do grupo accumbens. Já para as categorias Lamber o bebedouro, Farejar distante do bebedouro, Levantar, Locomoção e Limpeza, as taxas de duração do grupo controle sham foram menores do que o grupo accumbens. Os resultados sugerem que o NAC pode fazer parte da circuitaria envolvida na modulação dos EORs e também indicam a necessidade de se considerar o envolvimento de uma rede neural mais complexa para avaliação dos EORs. / The reinforcement omission procedure, in fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement, produces a reduction in post-reinforcement pause and, consequently, an increase in frequency responses in the next interval. There are different interpretations related to reinforcement omission effect (ROE), based upon motivational and / or attentional components. Preliminary studies have examined the role of activation of some amygdala nuclei to modulate these components. Recent studies suggest that the substructures of the amygdala may be involved in different processes, and connections between different amygdala nuclei and cortical/subcortical structures seem to be involved in processes related to rewards and expectancy. Other studies suggest that the interaction between the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAC) is important for the modulation of motivational processes. However, there are no studies in the literature assessing whether neurotoxic lesions in different cortical and subcortical regions may interfere in ROEs. This study aimed to examine the ROEs on the behavioral repertoire of rats with lesions of the NAC, in classical conditioning procedures and non-contingent reinforcement. Thirty male Wistar rats, divided in NAC and SHAM groups, were submitted to 28 training sessions with 8 practices each one: 20 pre-lesion, two retraining sessions and six post-lesions sessions with omission of reinforcement. Each practice constituted of a 20 seconds signal (tone), followed by the release of a drop of water in the 19th second. In sessions with omission, the water was released in the half of practices. Ten categories of behaviors were analyzed. Comparison between duration rates during omission and reinforcement practices showed that NAC and SHAM groups showed the ROEs. NAC group was less sensitive to the ROEs. Regarding the behavioral categories Magazine sniffing and Near magazine sniffing, the duration rates of SHAM group during omission were higher in relation to rates of NAC group. For the categories Magazine licking, Far from magazine sniffing, Rearing, Locomotion and Grooming duration rates of SHAM group were lower than the NAC group. The results suggest that NAC can be part of circuitry involved in the modulation of ROEs and indicate the need to consider the involvement of more complex neural network for evaluating the ROEs.