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Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-12T17:14:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JESSICA FERREIRA DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 3580915 bytes, checksum: 875b1175aef9908cbe030d48f0048870 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T17:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JESSICA FERREIRA DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 3580915 bytes, checksum: 875b1175aef9908cbe030d48f0048870 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-28 / Capes / A lesão por esforço repetitivo (LER) configura uns dos maiores desafios enfrentados pela classe trabalhadora ao redor do mundo por causarem dor, dificuldade para realizar tarefas relacionadas ao trabalho, longos períodos de afastamento e invalidez da força de trabalho. As estruturas das extremidades superiores são particularmente vulneráveis a este tipo de lesão. Desse modo, o objetivo geral desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo térmico da região das mãos utilizando a técnica da termografia com vistas a auxiliar no diagnóstico da LER/DORT. A amostra foi composta por 21 voluntários, sendo 11 do gênero masculino e 10 do gênero feminino, acadêmicos da graduação e da pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Foi construída uma bancada de testes com o intuito de isolar a região de estudo e minimizar o efeito da temperatura ambiente refletida sobre o resultado dos termogramas. Os voluntários foram previamente orientados sobre os procedimentos a serem seguidos do dia do teste. No momento do teste, os voluntários foram instruídos a retirar qualquer adorno na região de estudo, não friccionar e/ou encostar as mãos umas nas outras ou em qualquer superfície e permanecerem por um tempo determinado por protocolo em repouso na posição sentada em uma sala com ambiente controlado. Foram coletadas imagens térmicas da vista anterior e posterior das mãos. As imagens foram analisadas qualitativa e quantitativamente. A análise quantitativa mostrou um estado marcante de equilíbrio térmico para as regiões de interesse contralaterais. O membro dominante possuiu maior temperatura média em relação ao seu correspondente lateral. O gênero não foi um fator determinante para avaliação dos padrões térmicos das mãos. Conclui-se que a medição da temperatura superficial da pele da região das mãos utilizando a técnica da termografia mostrou-se viável e reprodutível, recomendando-se a criação de tabelas de referência específicas para estabelecer as condições normais para cada segmento corporal. / The repetitive strain injury (RSI) is one of the greatest challenges faced by the working class around the world because it causes pain, difficulty in carrying out work-related tasks, long periods of absence and disability of the workforce. The structures of the upper extremities are particularly vulnerable to this type of injury. Thus, the general objective of this work was to perform a thermal study of the hands using thermography to assist in the RSI’s diagnosis. The sample consisted of 21 volunteers, 11 male and 10 female, undergraduate and graduate students from the Federal University of Campina Grande. A test bench was built in order to isolate the region of study and minimize the effect of the ambient radiation on the result of the thermograms. The volunteers were previously advised on the procedures to be followed on the day of the test. At the time of the test, volunteers were instructed to remove any adornment in the study region, not rub or touch their hands on each other or on any surface, and remain in a sitting position for a time set by protocol at rest in a room with controlled environment. Thermal images were collected from the anterior and posterior views of the hands. The images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analysis showed a marked state of thermal equilibrium for the contralateral regions of interest. The dominant limb had a higher average temperature than its corresponding side. The gender was not a determining factor for evaluation of the thermal patterns of the hands. It is concluded that the measurement of the skin surface temperature of the hands using the thermography technique was feasible and reproducible, and it is recommended to create specific reference tables to establish the normal conditions for each body segment.

Este trabalho teve por principal objetivo o desenvolvimento e implantação de melhorias de um processo industrial para fabricação de preservativos, utilizando automação industrial por meio da metodologia Seis Sigma. A motivação foi o crescente número de funcionários afastados ou readaptados devido a Lesão por Esforço Repetitivo (LER), pois além dos danos pessoais permanentes, existem ainda os gastos com substituição de trabalhadores, treinamentos, horas extras, recuperação de empregados e salários pagos a trabalhadores afastados. A metodologia foi aplicada a duas partes do processo: no teste elétrico dos preservativos para verificação de existência de não conformidades no produto, e, no processo manual de desenrolamento, para quando um determinado lote não aprovado em testes de laboratório é rejeitado e submetido novamente ao teste elétrico. Por meio da ferramenta DMAIC, reconhecida em todo o mundo como o meio de se estruturar os projetos de melhoria na busca do padrão Seis Sigma, são definidos objetivos de melhoria, medição do sistema existente, análise do sistema medido, melhoria do sistema e controle do novo sistema. A solução emprega automação com apoio de dispositivos eletropneumáticos que se mostram eficientes do ponto de vista operacional, de custo e energético. A automatização do processo eliminou por completo o surgimento de novos casos de Lesão por Esforço Repetitivo e, ainda, proporcionou aumento de produtividade, diminuiu a área de estocagem e reduziu a quantidade de horas extras. / The main objective of this work was the development and implantation of improvements in industrial process to manufacture preservatives using the Six-Sigma methodology. The motivation was the increasing number of employees that were withdrawn and reallocated due to Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), because, further permanent damages caused to the employees, there are existing costs associated with the substitution of workers, training, overtime, employee recovery, and salaries paid to withdrawn workers. The methodology was applied to two parts of the process: the electric test of the preservatives for verification of non-compliances in the product, and, in the manual unbind process, when a certain package unapproved in lab tests, is rejected and required to have another electrical test. Using the DMAIC methodology, recognized in the whole world as the way of structure the projects of improvement according to Six-Sigma, are defined the improvements objectives, measuring of the existing system, analysis of the measured system, improvement of the system and control of the new system. The solution uses automation with support of electro pneumatics devices that are operational, cost and energetic efficiency. The automation of this process completely eliminated the appearance of new Repetitive Strain Injury cases, and, still provided increased productivity, reduced storage area and reduced overtime.

We examined the relationship between grip strength declines and muscle-tendon responses induced by long-term performance of a high-repetition, low-force (HRLF) reaching task in rats. We hypothesized that grip strength declines would correlate with inflammation, fibrosis and degradation in flexor digitorum muscles and tendons. Grip strength declined after training, and further in weeks 18 and 24, in reach limbs of HRLF rats. Flexor digitorum tissues of reach limbs showed low-grade increases in inflammatory cytokines: IL-1beta after training and in week 18, IL-1alpha in week 18, TNF-alpha and IL-6 after training and in week 24, and IL-10 in week 24, with greater increases in tendons than muscles. Similar cytokine increases were detected in serum with HRLF: IL-1alpha and IL-10 in week 18, and TNF-alpha and IL-6 in week 24. Grip strength correlated inversely with IL-6 in muscles, tendons and serum, and TNF-alpha in muscles and serum. Four fibrogenic proteins, TGFB1, CTGF, PDGFab and PDGFbb, and hydroxyproline, a marker of collagen synthesis, increased in serum in HRLF weeks 18 or 24, concomitant with epitendon thickening, increased muscle and tendon TGFB1 and CTGF. A collagenolytic gelatinase, MMP2, increased by week 18 in serum, tendons and muscles of HRLF rats. Grip strength correlated inversely with TGFB1 in muscles, tendons and serum; with CTGF-immunoreactive fibroblasts in tendons; and with MMP2 in tendons and serum. Thus, motor declines correlated with low-grade systemic and musculotendinous inflammation throughout task performance, and increased fibrogenic and degradative proteins with prolonged task performance. Serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, TGFB1, CTGF and MMP2 may serve as serum biomarkers of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, although further studies in humans are needed. / Biomedical Sciences

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianoColman.pdf: 1680235 bytes, checksum: d15b9619fed5b29eb3330f0815273593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / This work broaches the question of the accident of working, specific the repetitive strain injury (RSI), your social implicate and the difficult of proof as much as extension and characterize of lesion by expert. In the RSI is difficulty detachment to confirm your existence.Appraise the spent that Social Foresight suffer of accident of working. So, we notice the accident protection in the law n.° 8.213/91 and the assured protection in the Republic Constitution. It is observed the Law beginnings, especially of dignity human person. It is specification the RSI, about concept, diagnostic and objective characterize conjoint with the social repercussion in the protection perspective of legislation. Also, question of the responsibility of employer result of the accident of working. How objective search present the responsibility of employer; work legislation about of the accident of working; and the safety law of working; the effects about accident in the working contract; medical concept about RSI; and the high resolution infrared imaging how form objective to demonstrate RSI. How principal results: that the responsibility of employer result of the accident of working produce of manifestation of RSI constitute in the objective responsibility and that the high resolution infrared imaging is an objective form of demonstrate the RSI. / O presente trabalho aborda questões sobre acidentes de trabalho, especificamente as Lesões por Esforço Repetitivo (LER), suas implicações sociais e a dificuldade da prova quanto à extensão e caracterização de tais lesões pelo perito. Destaca-se o ônus que a Previdência Social sofre em virtude dos acidentes de trabalho. Desta forma, extrai-se a proteção acidentaria da Lei n.° 8.213/91 e a proteção assegurada pela Constituição da República. São observados os princípios de direito, especialmente o da dignidade da pessoa humana. Especificamente abordam-se as LER, relativamente ao conceito, diagnósticos e caracterização objetiva conjuntamente com suas repercussões sociais na perspectiva protecionista da legislação. Também, questões relacionadas às responsabilidades do empregador decorrentes dos acidentes de trabalho. Como objetivos busca apresentar as responsabilidades inerentes ao empregador; a legislação trabalhista relativa aos acidentes de trabalho e as normas de segurança do trabalho; os efeitos que o acidente produz no contrato de trabalho; conceitos médicos pertinentes as LER; e a imagem infravermelha de alta resolução como um meio de demonstrar objetivamente as LER. Como resultados principais apresenta: que a responsabilidade decorrente dos acidentes de trabalho produzida pela manifestação das LER constitui-se em responsabilidade objetiva e que a imagem infravermelha de alta resolução é um meio de demonstrar objetivamente as LER. Conseqüentemente conclui-se que o conceito dor de maneira genérica pode ser demonstrado objetivamente e que a imagem infravermelha de alta resolução poderá ser utilizada como um meio de convencimento do juízo através da manifestação do perito ou assistente técnico.

Musicians are a high-risk occupational group for musculoskeletal disorders. Often manifesting in muscle tension, pain and paresthesia, musculoskeletal disorders can drastically affect comfort, mentality and endurance while performing. This study sought to examine the effects of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training in reducing musculoskeletal symptoms in music performance. The subjects were university-level violinists and cellists. Over a period of 2-4 weeks, all participants underwent EMG biofeedback training while performing their instrument using audio feedback. No significant results were found, but patterns of decreased muscle tension and increased performance comfort and endurance were observed.

O presente estudo nasce da necessidade de melhorar a integralidade da atenÃÃo à saÃde dos trabalhadores, destacando o trabalhador com lesÃes por esforÃos repetitivos e distÃrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho - LER/DORT. Assim tivemos como objetivo construir participativamente uma linha de cuidado integral para o trabalhador com LER/DORT no Ãmbito do SUS a partir da experiÃncia dos profissionais, gestores e usuÃrios que compÃem as redes de atenÃÃo à saÃde. Desenvolvida no municÃpio de Sobral- CearÃ, esta pesquisa à de natureza qualitativa do tipo exploratÃria. A pesquisa aÃÃo foi a metodologia de escolha por constitui-se como uma metodologia que visa à aÃÃo e promove a capacidade de transformaÃÃo da realidade pelos sujeitos da pesquisa. Para tal, utilizamos a pesquisa em grupo, onde os participantes, profissionais das redes de atenÃÃo à saÃde de Sobral, foram os responsÃveis pela construÃÃo da linha de cuidado em um processo que levou à formulaÃÃo, dos fluxos e atribuiÃÃes que os prÃprios participantes da pesquisa e seus pares deverÃo desenvolver nos serviÃos em que trabalham com o objetivo de promover a integralidade da atenÃÃo à saÃde do trabalhador. Ressaltamos que estas aÃÃes da linha de cuidado foram construÃdas no ano de 2012 coletivamente, apÃs quatro encontros do grupo. O primeiro encontro foi para debater sobre integralidade e definir as aÃÃes prioritÃrias apontadas pelo grupo, o segundo encontro foi uma oficina que teve como objetivo construir o fluxo da linha de cuidado, o terceiro encontro a segunda oficina que teve como objetivo definir as atribuiÃÃes dos profissionais dos serviÃos que atendem o trabalhador, e o quarto encontro, e Ãltima oficina, tiveram como objetivos apresentar o fluxo construÃdo pelo grupo e validar as atribuiÃÃes da rede de serviÃos que atende o trabalhador com LER/DORT. Como mÃtodo de tratamento dos dados obtidos utilizamos a anÃlise do discurso. Os resultados apontam que trabalhadores com a doenÃa podem buscar diversos pontos da rede de atenÃÃo, dentre eles serviÃos da AtenÃÃo Primaria a SaÃde, da AtenÃÃo Ambulatorial Especializada, da AtenÃÃo Hospitalar e da UrgÃncia e EmergÃncia. Surgiram apÃs a validaÃÃo 36 atribuiÃÃes para os profissionais. As atribuiÃÃes identificadas incluÃram aÃÃes promocionais, preventivas, curativas e de reabilitaÃÃo. Ressaltamos que para construir a linha de cuidado pensamos na necessidade do trabalhador como o aspecto central para seu fluxo de atendimento e assistÃncia. Dessa forma, a linha de cuidado proposta demonstra uma possibilidade da garantia da integralidade relacionada à organizaÃÃo dos serviÃos de saÃde, mostrando o caminho a ser percorrido por um usuÃrio, desde a APS e passando por diferentes serviÃos na busca de um leque de cuidados necessÃrios para resolver seu problema de saÃde. Para o funcionamento da linha de cuidado proposta à necessÃrio à existÃncia de um trabalho compartilhado entre os profissionais da APS e os demais serviÃos de saÃde. Nesse processo, alÃm da construÃÃo e pactuaÃÃo do fluxo da atenÃÃo, à necessÃrio a elaboraÃÃo de estratÃgias para efetivar esse caminho a ser percorrido pelo trabalhador na rede de atenÃÃo, estabelecer e negociar responsabilidades para garantir a qualidade e continuidade do cuidado.

The work environment of today is synonymous with stress, fatigue and exhaustion. As a result, the incidence of workplace injury and disease is increasingly commonplace. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is the most common form of work–related ill–health. If the symptoms are not recognised and addressed early, serious and more chronic manifestations of the symptoms can emerge, subsequently affecting the quality and duration of a persons' working life. RSI also has significant implications for organisations in terms of lost productivity, drops in work quality and costly compensation claims. Although there is ongoing international research available concerning workplace injury and disease to inform business and the employee, there is less comprehensive and regularly updated research within the South African context. Considering employers can be held accountable for diseases that have arisen out of and in the course of an individual's employment, this research adds value in ascertaining the magnitude of RSI in South Africa. Bearing in mind international research has expanded its focus to include the potential influence of ergonomic and psychosocial factors in the development of RSI, it has become necessary to consider additional factors that may play a role in the development and maintenance of RSI. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the frequency of RSI experienced amongst South African employees; 2) examine the frequency of RSI across three well–being groups; and 3) identify whether there are significant differences across the three well–being groups. An availability sample (N = 15 664) was utilised to determine the frequency of experience of RSI in a sample of South African employees. Frequencies were used to determine the incidence of RSI symptoms for the total sample. Participants were then selected into groups based on their experience of vitality, work devotion and exhaustion (n = 4 411) in order to determine the frequency of RSI experienced for three well–being groups. ANOVA was used to determine if there were significant RSI differences between these three well–being groups. The results of this study highlight that RSI is prevalent amongst the South African population. Of those participants who responded 'sometimes' and 'frequently' (experiencing RSI), 47% indicated experiencing neck, shoulder and back discomfort, followed by 42% reporting eyestrain, and 24% muscle stiffness. These results are comparable with international statistics, indicating that a relatively large percentage of South African employees experience RSI. The results further showed that the frequency of experience of RSI symptoms does differ across the three well–being groups. It is evident that RSI is more prevalent in the well–being group that demonstrates vital exhaustion when compared to those who are work engaged yet exhausted, and those who are truly work engaged. Secondly, the results clearly revealed statistically significant differences between all of these groups. Thus, those individuals who are vitally exhausted experience significantly greater RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged or engaged with exhaustion. In addition, those individuals who are work engaged with exhaustion demonstrate significantly more RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged. Thus, this study suggests the potential role of exhaustion in the development of RSI. Recommendations were made for the organisation and for future research. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The work environment of today is synonymous with stress, fatigue and exhaustion. As a result, the incidence of workplace injury and disease is increasingly commonplace. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is the most common form of work–related ill–health. If the symptoms are not recognised and addressed early, serious and more chronic manifestations of the symptoms can emerge, subsequently affecting the quality and duration of a persons' working life. RSI also has significant implications for organisations in terms of lost productivity, drops in work quality and costly compensation claims. Although there is ongoing international research available concerning workplace injury and disease to inform business and the employee, there is less comprehensive and regularly updated research within the South African context. Considering employers can be held accountable for diseases that have arisen out of and in the course of an individual's employment, this research adds value in ascertaining the magnitude of RSI in South Africa. Bearing in mind international research has expanded its focus to include the potential influence of ergonomic and psychosocial factors in the development of RSI, it has become necessary to consider additional factors that may play a role in the development and maintenance of RSI. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the frequency of RSI experienced amongst South African employees; 2) examine the frequency of RSI across three well–being groups; and 3) identify whether there are significant differences across the three well–being groups. An availability sample (N = 15 664) was utilised to determine the frequency of experience of RSI in a sample of South African employees. Frequencies were used to determine the incidence of RSI symptoms for the total sample. Participants were then selected into groups based on their experience of vitality, work devotion and exhaustion (n = 4 411) in order to determine the frequency of RSI experienced for three well–being groups. ANOVA was used to determine if there were significant RSI differences between these three well–being groups. The results of this study highlight that RSI is prevalent amongst the South African population. Of those participants who responded 'sometimes' and 'frequently' (experiencing RSI), 47% indicated experiencing neck, shoulder and back discomfort, followed by 42% reporting eyestrain, and 24% muscle stiffness. These results are comparable with international statistics, indicating that a relatively large percentage of South African employees experience RSI. The results further showed that the frequency of experience of RSI symptoms does differ across the three well–being groups. It is evident that RSI is more prevalent in the well–being group that demonstrates vital exhaustion when compared to those who are work engaged yet exhausted, and those who are truly work engaged. Secondly, the results clearly revealed statistically significant differences between all of these groups. Thus, those individuals who are vitally exhausted experience significantly greater RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged or engaged with exhaustion. In addition, those individuals who are work engaged with exhaustion demonstrate significantly more RSI symptoms than those who are truly work engaged. Thus, this study suggests the potential role of exhaustion in the development of RSI. Recommendations were made for the organisation and for future research. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLFM.pdf: 513655 bytes, checksum: 950c918317e43b508645211bba44287b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 / Ergonomics changes in the work place interfere in the relation between over operators work and health. This case study had as its objective to analyze the repercussions of a process of changes technical and organizational due to ergonomic projects in a school material plant. Two company sectors were selected which are responsible for the main product external completion. One of the sectors received the full ergonomic intervention and the other had only little adjustments. In order to develop this study, the following procedures were executed: questionnaire applications, observations in order to understand the work activity in both sectors and interviews with the objective of comprehending different actors perception of changes in the in the company. The results indicated that, after the ergonomic intervention, there was a reduction in absenteeism due to RSI/WRMD, changes in physical and cognitive task requests, a differentiated interpretation of results for each social group in the company and na appropriation, by the company, of the results and transformation process started by the ergonomic project for other purposes. This case study revealed the importance of the evaluation process of an ergonomic intervention, because it confirms that a positive result in relation to the demand that originated the intervention, will not always grant future improvements. The analyzed situation points to new problems, whose repercussions are not yet known, but need to be discussed. / As modificações ergonômicas no ambiente de trabalho interferem na relação entre saúde e trabalho. Este estudo de caso teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões do processo de mudanças técnicas e organizacionais decorrentes dos projetos de ergonomia de uma empresa do setor de material escolar sobre o trabalho e a saúde dos operadores. Foram selecionados dois setores responsáveis pela etapa de acabamento externo do principal produto da empresa. Um setor recebeu a intervenção ergonômica e o outro sofreu pequenas modificações. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: aplicação de questionários, observações para compreender a atividade de trabalho nos dois setores e entrevistas para percepção das mudanças nos diferentes atores da empresa. Os resultados apontaram que após a intervenção ergonômica houve diminuição dos afastamentos por LER/DORT, modificações nas exigências físicas e cognitivas das tarefas, uma interpretação dos resultados da intervenção diferenciada para cada grupo social da empresa e apropriação pela empresa dos resultados e do processo de transformação do projeto de ergonomia para outros fins. O estudo deste caso revelou a importância do processo de avaliação de uma intervenção ergonômica, porque confirma que um resultado positivo em relação à demanda da intervenção nem sempre irá garantir condições de trabalho satisfatórias. A situação estudada aponta novos problemas cujas repercussões ainda são desconhecidas, mas que necessitam ser discutidas.