Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosePadilhaCN.pdf: 4847719 bytes, checksum: c4db747b22e2f133441d68a0be1b282f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-06 / This present Thesis, is explorer work and presents an analysis of e-wastes of the industry of cellular mobile telephony, evaluating the evolution of the telecommunications nets and as if it holds the global and Brazilian market of cellular telephony. It approaches the elements gifts in the cellular devices that can badly cause to the environment and the health, the discarding of the devices in end of life cycle is made. It analyzes the new European regulation of electric equipment residues and electronic, the WEEE, as it influenced the strategy of the companies manufacturers of mobile phone cellular and of that she forms is possible to create a Brazilian national industry for recycling of devices of cellular, with conditions to globally competition. For this some possible models of being implanted in Brazil are presented. The project of law 203/91 on solid residues is argued and as it would be interesting if to persist some proposals presented to the project, to create a Brazilian market of recycling with capacity of global competition for use to advantage of the European regulation if to get a competitive advantage / O presente trabalho explorat?rio apresenta uma an?lise de e-res?duos da ind?stria de telefonia celular avaliando a evolu??o das redes de telecomunica??es e como se comporta o mercado global e brasileiro de telefonia celular. Aborda os elementos presentes nos aparelhos celulares que podem causar mal ao meio ambiente e a sa?de, como ? feito o descarte dos aparelhos em fim de ciclo de vida. Analisa a nova norma europ?ia de res?duos de equipamentos el?tricos e eletr?nicos, a WEEE, como ela influenciou a estrat?gia das empresas fabricantes de celulares e de que forma ? poss?vel criar uma ind?stria nacional para reciclagem de aparelhos de celulares, com condi??es de competir globalmente. Para isto s?o apresentados alguns modelos poss?veis de ser implantado no Brasil. ? discutido o projeto de lei 203/91 (Brasil, 2006) sobre res?duos s?lidos e como seria interessante manter algumas propostas apresentadas ao projeto, para se criar um mercado de reciclagem brasileiro com capacidade de competi??o global, para se aproveitar da norma Europ?ia de forma a se obter uma vantagem competitiva

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnaCA_DISSERT.pdf: 1713036 bytes, checksum: 3c9ee62eca8f387db57d2214ac357913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In the current conjuncture, the environmental factor has been changing the position of companies that are practicing or minimally adopting environmental management. Such tool has been used by companies to face the problems caused by solid waste, in particular green coconut waste, which is constantly among the material discarded by society (companies/ consumer). It is a typical tropical fruit whose fresh water is very benefic for human health, and its popularization has caused a progressive increase of its consumption. Following this stream of thought, this present work came up with an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities SWOT analysis on green coconut solid waste management at two agribusiness companies in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, aiming to know the challenges and the potentials of this kind of waste. According to the approach of the problem, this work fits a descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative research. The data collection was obtained by a questionnaire and a structured interview, in order to evaluate the strategic posture of agribusiness companies through SWOT analysis, which is an English acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The SWOT analysis is an effective tool to analyze the internal and external environment of an organization. This tool contributes to locate the company at the environment in question and when well applied it enables the detection of mistakes, the strengthening of correct procedures, the avoidance of threats, and the bet on opportunities. The studied agribusiness industries have very similar profiles, such as a long business life span, and a strategy that extends the useful life of the fruit, by using its waste for the manufacturing of new subproducts. In both, the daily quantity of waste resulted of this process reaches approximately 20 thousand units of the fruit in high season, being necessary a focus directed at use and/or treatment of these waste. Further to SWOT analysis, it was ascertained that the agribusiness company A works through a defensive marketing strategy and acts vulnerably, in other words, unable of acting before this market segment, for it has decided to stop using the waste due to a lack of equipment and technology. On the other hand, the agribusiness company B has incorporated an offensive marketing strategy because even not possessing equipments, technology, and appropriated internal installations, it still insists on use and benefits of green coconut waste in its agribusiness. Thus, it is considered that the potential of green coconut waste management for the production of several subproducts reduces the impacts produced by inappropriate placement and generates profits in a short, medium and long term. Such profits being tangible and intangible, as the interest for sustainability actions is not only a matter of obtaining return on capital, but it is an important question in order to move on into business, since it is not enough to have quality on products and process nowadays. It is necessary to establish socio-environmental practices aiming the image of the company as the prevailing role on consumers buying decision / A causa ambiental, na atual conjectura, est? alterando o posicionamento das empresas que est?o praticando ou minimamente adotando a gest?o ambiental. Tal ferramenta est? sendo utilizada nas empresas para enfrentar a problem?tica causada pelos res?duos s?lidos, dentre eles os res?duos do coco verde, presente constantemente no material descartado pela sociedade (empresas/consumidor). ? uma fruta tipicamente tropical, cuja ?gua fresca traz muitos benef?cios ? sa?de humana e sua populariza??o desencadeou um aumento progressivo do seu consumo. Seguindo esse racioc?nio, o presente trabalho prop?s analisar os pontos fortes, fracos, amea?as e oportunidades an?lise de SWOT - no gerenciamento dos res?duos s?lidos do coco verde em duas agroind?strias situadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte RN (Brasil), com intuito de conhecer os desafios e potencialidades do aproveitamento desses res?duos. Do ponto de vista da abordagem do problema, este trabalho se enquadra como uma pesquisa qualitativa, explorat?ria e descritiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a aplica??o de um question?rio e entrevista estruturada sendo avaliada a postura estrat?gica das agroind?strias atrav?s da an?lise SWOT, que ? uma sigla oriunda do idioma ingl?s, ? um acr?nimo de For?as (Strengths), Fraquezas (Weaknesses), Oportunidades (Opportunities) e Amea?as (Threats). A an?lise SWOT ? uma ferramenta eficaz para analisar o ambiente interno e externo de uma organiza??o. Essa ferramenta contribui para situar a empresa no ambiente em quest?o e quando bem aplicada ? poss?vel detectar erros, fortalecer acertos, driblar as amea?as e apostar nas oportunidades. As agroind?strias estudadas possuem perfis bastante similares como: tempo de vida no mercado e por seguir uma linha de estrat?gia que prolonga a vida ?til do fruto com aproveitamento de seus res?duos para fabrica??o de novos subprodutos. Em ambas, a quantidade di?ria de res?duos gerados alcan?a aproximadamente 20 mil unidades do fruto em alta esta??o, tornando necess?rio um enfoque direcionado ao aproveitamento e/ou tratamento desses res?duos. Em rela??o ? an?lise de SWOT, constatou-se que a agroind?stria A opera com capacidade defensiva atuando assim com vulnerabilidade, ou seja, impossibilitada de atuar diante desse segmento de mercado, por ter decidido parar de aproveitar os res?duos por falta de equipamentos e tecnologias adequadas. Em contrapartida a agroind?stria B est? utilizando a estrat?gia de capacidade ofensiva de mercado, pois, mesmo n?o possuindo equipamentos, tecnologias e instala??es internas apropriadas, ainda assim, persistem no aproveitamento e beneficiamento dos res?duos do coco verde em sua agroind?stria. Assim, considera-se que o potencial do gerenciamento dos res?duos do coco verde para a produ??o de uma diversidade de subprodutos reduz os impactos produzidos pela disposi??o inadequada e geram lucro em curto, m?dio e longo prazo. Lucros esses tang?veis e intang?veis, j? que o interesse por a??es de sustentabilidade n?o ? s? uma quest?o de obten??o de retorno financeiro, mas ? quest?o fundamental para manter-se no neg?cio, posto que hoje em dia n?o basta possuir qualidade nos produtos e processos. ? preciso estabelecer pr?ticas socioambientais, tendo em vista a imagem da empresa como papel preponderante na decis?o de compra dos consumidores

The main goal of this master’s thesis is to find out the impact of future development in combined heat and power technologies, especially the impact on power market in Czech Republic regarding to historical development of photovoltaics and subsidy policy. There are three scenarios of installed power growth designed including calculations of renewable energy source financial fee as well as overall evaluation. The paper also deals with current status of combined heat and power technologies in Czech Republic, European Union and USA as well as legislature framework of CHP in Czech Republic and EU. There are also kinds of state grants described. In economical part of the paper there are NPV’s of particular cogeneration units calculated. The calculations were made both with current investment costs and reduced investment costs.

The success of wind power integration throughout Europe has been largely varied with some European countries showing large boosts in capacity compared to some which show none at all.  This Thesis looks at those countries that have been successful in order to determine which factors have led to this success and what if any lessons can be learned in order to assist other countries.  The countries studied make up the top three for total wind power capacity and top three for total capacity per capita.  The surrounding elements that affect wind power development are assessed and relevant trends are investigated and discussed.  Factors such as, support instruments and overall governance are discussed in detail with a number of trends being found.  Calculations were conducted developing an average mean annual percentage increase for total capacity which showed that countries with an undeveloped wind power industry switching to a form of quota system could show a boost to total capacity.  No evidence was found that suggested switching to or changing an existing feed in tariff system would result in a boost in installed capacity.  In assessing governance, a trend was discovered showing obligations and targets helped to drive boosts in capacity especially for the countries who implemented a quota system. Brining these two trends together it was determined that strong top level governance was required to actually kick start boosts in total capacity.  The use of combinations of support schemes is assessed and a trend determined that suggests that use a quota system as a primary support scheme is better suited to having tax incentives as a secondary with feed in tariff systems having financial support as a secondary system.  A plan for developing wind power in countries with undeveloped wind power industries is developed based on the trends identified within the Thesis.  This suggests that a switch to a quota system combined with strong EU and national Governance could help to boost capacity to a point at which time a switch to a form of FIT would be beneficial to build on this steady base.

Les conquêtes et les hauts faits d’Alexandre le Grand ont fait l’objet d’une tradition romanesque à laquelle est donné le titre générique de Roman d’Alexandre ; elle est connue par le biais de nombreuses versions, traductions et adaptations. L’objectif de la thèse est d’évaluer les prétentions littéraires des Res gestae Alexandri Macedonis de Julius Valerius, première version latine connue de ce Roman. Le texte – envisagé comme objet littéraire autonome, en raison, notamment, de la perte de l’original grec dont il constitue la traduction – a été analysé au travers de trois séries d’études, portant sur le lexique, la syntaxe verbale et les figures de style. Effectués sur la base de la dernière édition de référence (ROSELLINI 2004²), ces dépouillements offrent la première vision approfondie des ambitions qui caractérisent la démarche de l’auteur ; ils ont permis en outre d’envisager, à titre d’hypothèse, l’objectif de ce dernier : dans un monde en voie de christianisation, donner à l’élite politique et culturelle un nouvel accès à texte consacré à l’une des figures les plus célèbres de la culture païenne.

<p>Acoustic echo cancelation (AEC) composes a fundamental property of speech processing to enable a pleasant telecommunication conversation. Without this property of the telephone the communicator would hear an annoying echo of his own voice along with the speech from the other communicator. This would make a conversation through any telecommunication device an unpleasant experience.</p><p>AEC has been subject of interest since 1950s in the telecom industry and very efficient solutions were devised to cancel linear echo. With the advent of low cost hands free communication devices the issue of non linear echo became prominent because these devices use cheap loudspeakers that produce artifacts in addition to the desired sound which will cause non linear echo that cannot be cancelled by linear echo cancellers.</p><p>In this thesis a Harmonic Distortion Residual Echo Cancelation algorithm has been chosen for further investigations (HDRES). HDRES has many of those features that are desirable for an algorithm which is dealing with nonlinear acoustic echo cancelation, such as low computational complexity and fast convergence. The algorithm was first implemented in Matlab where it was tested and modified. The final result of the modified algorithm was then implemented in C and integrated with a complete AEC system. Before the implementation a number of measurements were done to distinguish the nonlinearities that were cause by the mobile phone loudspeaker. The measurements were performed on three different mobile pones which were documented to have problems with nonlinear acoustic echo.</p><p>The result of this thesis has shown that it might be possible to use an adaptive filter, which has both low complexity and fast convergence, in an operating AEC system. However, the request for such a system to work would be that a doubletalk detector is implemented along with the adaptive algorithm. That way the doubletalk situation could be found and the adaptation of the algorithm could be stopped. Thus, the major part of the speech would be saved.</p>

Lietuva kaip ir daugelis Europos valstybių savo naujajame CK įgyvendino pliuralistinę civilinių santykių objektų doktriną priskirdamas prie jų turtines teises. Šiame darbe analizuojamas specifinis teisių perleidimo sandoris – paveldėjimo teisių pirkimo – pardavimo sutartis. Šio sandorio probleminės sritys yra šios: paveldėjimo teisių perleidimo ribos, atsakomybė už palikėjo skolas, įpėdinio statuso perleidimas, dalies paveldėjimo teisių perleidimas, dokumentai, kurių pagrindu patvirtinama paveldėjimo teisių įgijėjo nuosavybė, taip pat aptariamos prielaidos vertinti šią sutartį kaip turinčią rizikos elementą. Pati paveldėjimo teisių pirkimo – pardavimo sutartis labai palengvina įpėdinio padėtį šių teisių disponavimo atžvilgiu. Tačiau ji retai taikoma dėl per mažo jos analizavimo teisinėje praktikoje. Darbe išreiškiama nuomonė, kad paveldėjimo teisių pirkimo-pardavimo sutartimi yra perleidžiama palikimą priėmusio įpėdinio subjektinė turtinė teisė, kurios objektas – paveldėjimo teisės arba kitaip – palikimas, kaip turtinis kompleksas, suprantamas kaip vientisa teisių ir pareigų visuma, pripažįstama nematerialiu turtu, kuris gali būti perleistas iki paveldėjimo teisės liudijimo išdavimo. Taip pat didelę reikšmę turi paliko priėmimo būdas, nuo kurio priklauso ir paveldėjimo teisių pirkėjo atsakomybė už palikėjo skolas. Darbe kritiškai vertinama besiformuojanti Lietuvos teismų praktika, nepripažįstanti galimybės perleisti įpėdiniui priklausančių paveldėjimo teisių dalies, ar... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Lithuania as well as many European countries has implemented in the new civil code the pluralistic civil relations of objects to the doctrine of assigning property rights. This paper analyzes the specific assignment transaction - sale and purchase agreement of succession rights. The transaction problem areas are the following: limits of the transfer of succession rights, responsibility for the debts of the deceased, sale of status of the successor, documents which confirms the property rights for the purchaser of succsession rights, also discussed the assumptions to assess the agreement as having the element of risk. The same sale and purchase agreement of succession rights makes it easy for the successor position in respect of the disposition of those rights. However, it is rarely applied due to lack of analysis of its legal practice. The paper expressed the view that the successor rights of the sale and purchase agreement of succession rights is transferred to the heir to the legacy which has adopted a subjective property right, the object - the right of successor - legacy as property complexes, seen as an integrated set of rights and obligations, recognized as an intangible asset that can be transferred to the right of succession certificate. It is also very important for left-making process, which depends on the successor rights of the buyer's responsibility for the debts of the deceased. The paper criticizes the nascent Lithuanian case law that does not recognize the... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osmar.pdf: 2097503 bytes, checksum: 0025f02afe11ea7d1300c59e6de78361 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-25 / This dissertation analyses the relationship between res judicata and precedent in the Brazilian Law, examining the juridical safety and the binding of the judicial decisions. Initially, considerations are made about juridical safety, exploring themes such as its historical relevance, effectiveness and the development of juridical safety in Brazilian Law. Next comes the study of the res judicata, essential to the effectiveness of the juridical safety, detailing how it is regulated in different juridical contexts British, American, Portuguese and Brazilian and emphasizing the current tendency towards its relativization. The study also examines the binding of the judicial decisions in the common law and the civil law in order to understand the instrument of precedent (stare decisis), and analyzes the Brazilian experience with binding decisions. Recent changes in the legislation have included the precedent in the Brazilian order, and its nature, functions and procedures are examined in this dissertation. The central debate revolves around the relationship between precedent, res judicata and juridical safety. Although both precedent and res judicata are instrumental to the provision of juridical safety, problems may nevertheless arise from the coexistence of these two institutes in the Brazilian Law. In an innovative way, this dissertation intends to answer, based on the themes examined, the question whether the precedent formed against the res judicata, before or after this being published, will exist, will be null or might be rescinded. The methodological approach adopted here is juridical-dogmatic, dealing with the internal elements of the objective order / A tese trata da relação entre a coisa julgada e a súmula vinculante no Direito Brasileiro, a partir do exame da segurança jurídica e da vinculação das decisões judiciais. Inicialmente, são traçadas considerações sobre a segurança jurídica, abordando temas como sua importância histórica, efetividade e desenvolvimento no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Em seguida, dedica-se ao estudo da coisa julgada, essencial à efetivação da segurança jurídica, destacando sua regulamentação no Direito Inglês, no Norte-americano, no Português e no Brasileiro, com ênfase para a atual tendência à sua relativização, e também estuda-se a vinculação das decisões judiciais na common law e na civil law, buscando a compreensão do instrumento dos precedentes (stare decisis) e analisando a experiência nacional quanto à vinculação das decisões. Recente alteração legislativa incluiu no ordenamento brasileiro a súmula vinculante, que tem sua natureza, funções e procedimento examinados na presente tese. O debate central gira em torno da relação entre a súmula vinculante, a coisa julgada e a segurança jurídica. Isso porque tanto a súmula vinculante como a coisa julgada servem para realizar a segurança jurídica, mas problemas podem surgir com a convivência de ambos institutos no Direito Brasileiro. A proposta da presente tese, inovadora, é, a partir dos temas tratados, responder ao questionamento de se, formada a coisa julgada contrária à súmula vinculante, antes ou depois da sua edição, ela existirá, será nula ou poderá ser desconstituída. A vertente metodologia será jurídico-dogmática, tratando dos elementos internos do ordenamento objetivo

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 426453.pdf: 843382 bytes, checksum: b70ea54a70a9fb2e6becb715b3f9bc26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-18 / Antibi?ticos s?o amplamente utilizados, e se apresentam difundidos em ?guas residuais. Entre esses compostos, pode-se salientar o grupo dos nitroimidaz?is, usados no tratamento de doen?as sexualmente transmiss?veis. Em virtude do grande uso, o composto metronidazol e seus subprodutos est?o presentes em ?guas superficiais. Essa subst?ncia tem grande resist?ncia aos processos convencionais de tratamento de efluentes e, assim buscam-se ferramentas mais eficientes para a degrada??o desse f?rmaco. Entre os processos capazes de degradar o metronidazol est?o os Processos Oxidativos Avan?ados-POAs, com destaque para a rea??o Fenton e Foto-Fenton. O presente estudo buscou a degrada??o do metronidazol presente em amostras sint?ticas, como forma de redu??o da toxicidade dessas. Organismos aqu?ticos (Daphnia similis) foram usados como forma de avaliar a efici?ncia dos tratamentos sobre a toxicidade. As rea??es foto-Fenton cl?ssica e tipo foto-Fenton apresentaram os maiores teores de degrada??o para subst?ncia, com baixos teores de ferro total livre. Os dados de toxicidade indicaram que os subprodutos ap?s os tratamentos apresentaram CE50 semelhantes aos do f?rmaco de partida, indicando que n?o houve aumento da toxicidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 440622.pdf: 2553977 bytes, checksum: b11f8c29e33dc22a9196a011c9531918 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / The main use of coal is the generation of electricity, which represents 41% of all electricity generated in the world. Coal burning power plants in the southern states of Brazil produce 3.0x106 tons of ash per year. The present work aims the integrated synthesis of zeolites NaP1 and 4A under mild conditions using coal fly ash as raw material. These zeolites present industrial and environmental applications of great importance for the country, aiming at the minimization of environmental impacts and waste generated. For the synthesis of zeolites hydrothermal process was carried out with different concentrations of the NaOH in low cost glass reactor. The liquid/solid ratio, temperature, sources of aluminum, among other factors, was also investigated. Several techniques were used, to characterize the synthesized zeolite, such as SEM, XRD, XRF, CEC, among others. The best zeolitic products were used in the effluents treatment. Under the conditions used in this study NaP1 and 4A zeolites were obtained with CEC values of 2.5 and 4.5 meq g-1, respectively, indicating high conversions. The zeolite NaP1 proved been highly efficient in removing Mn and NH4+, from Acid Mine Drainage and Swine manure effluents, respectively, within the emission limits imposed by legislation. The results of this study indicate that the zeolite 4A is could be used in replacement of the polyphosphate in detergents. / O principal uso do carv?o ? a gera??o de eletricidade, o que representa 41% de toda a eletricidade gerada no mundo. A combust?o do carv?o nas usinas dos estados do sul do Brasil gera 3,0x106 toneladas de cinzas por ano. O presente trabalho visa a s?ntese integrada de ze?litas NaP1 e 4 A em condi??es brandas, utilizando cinzas volantes de carv?o como mat?ria-prima. Estas ze?litas apresentam aplica??es industriais e ambientais de grande import?ncia para o pa?s, visando a minimiza??o dos impactos ambientais e os res?duos gerados. Para a s?ntese das ze?litas foi realizado processo hidrot?rmico com diferentes concentra??es de NaOH em reator de vidro de baixo custo. A rela??o L/S, temperatura, as fontes de alum?nio, entre outros fatores, tamb?m foram investigados. V?rias t?cnicas foram utilizadas, para caracterizar as ze?litas sintetizadas, tais como MEV, DRX, FRX, CTC, entre outras. Os melhores produtos zeol?ticos foram utilizados no tratamento de efluentes. Sob as condi??es utilizadas neste estudo as ze?litas NaP1 e 4 A foram obtidas com valores de CTC de 2,5 e 4,5 meq g-1, respectivamente, indicando convers?es elevadas. A ze?lita NaP1 provou ser altamente eficiente na remo??o de Mn e NH4+, de drenagem ?cida de mina e efluentes de dejetos su?nos, respectivamente, dentro do limites de emiss?es impostos pela legisla??o. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que a ze?lita 4 A pode ser utilizada em substitui??o dos polifosfatos na formula??o de detergentes.