Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_MATHEUS_MULLER.PDF: 1772402 bytes, checksum: dd5b5ed614a44c1db49b70472cbcf63d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-05 / The proccess of reform of the electricity industry in Brazil followed the global trend over the years 1990 and materialized in line with market principles. The purpose of social, economic and political state went through a long process of restructuring where new regulatory framework was established for the electricity sector. The logic state back to make room for the competitive logic, a kind of return to the origins of the development of the electrical industry, albeit with a conformation organizational and productive much more dense and complex. It is on this background that focuses the study, with the main objective to analyze national policy of restructuring the electricity sector over the decade from 1990 to 2000, from the approach of path dependence. This analytical method is relevant to show that even the innovative initiatives in terms of public policies carry with them elements of structures, institutions and previous policies that act to reinforce actions already initiated. The results point to a policy of power sector reform marked by continue even after the exhaustion of their models. / O processo de reforma da indústria de eletricidade brasileira acompanhou a tendência mundial ao longo dos anos 1990 e se concretizou em consonância com os princípios de mercado. A finalidade social, econômica e política do Estado passou por longo processo de reestruturação, onde novo marco regulatório foi estabelecido para o setor elétrico. A lógica estatal volta a ceder espaço para a lógica competitiva, numa espécie de retorno às origens do processo de desenvolvimento da indústria elétrica, embora com uma conformação organizacional e produtiva muito mais densa e complexa. É sobre esse panorama que se debruça o estudo, com o objetivo principal de analisar a política nacional de reestruturação do setor elétrico ao longo da década de 1990 e 2000, a partir da abordagem da path dependence. Esse método analítico se torna relevante ao demonstrar que, mesmo as iniciativas inovadoras em termos de políticas públicas carregam consigo elementos de estruturas, instituições e políticas anteriores, que atuam de forma a reforçar ações já iniciadas. Os resultados apontam para uma política de reforma do setor elétrico marcada por continuísmos, mesmo após a exaustão do modelo adotado.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We aim with this research is understand the processes of organization and development of school work in the context of implementation of the proposal for high school curriculum restructuring of SEDUC/RS (PREM/RS) in public high school of the RS. To this end, we propose to answer the following research problem: What opportunities are presented to the stabilization of changes introduced in the organization and development of school work within the implementation process of the PREM/RS? As information sources we used subject: subject (Integrated Seminar teachers, high school teachers and members of management teams of schools) and documents (basic documents of PREM/RS). As instruments to collect information we used focus group, interview and script for textual analysis of documents. We did 03 focus group with 20 teachers of SI and 34 interviews with 13 education coordinators, 20 SI Teachers (some grouped) and 06 high school teachers, acting in 20 schools of the 8th Regional Coordination of Education SEDUC/RS. By these analyzes, we can say: The school work was impacted by PREM/RS by adding new actions to implement the SI, considerably affecting the work of education coordinator and SI teachers; About changes in the evaluation, school work was affected by the redefinition of the usual class councils, performing them at the end of each trimester and bringing together teachers by subject area; We identified structural, operating, professional, personal and cultural factors hampered or hindered the implementation process of the PREM/RS, such as lack of time to study, planning lessons and regular meetings between teachers, teacher resistance changes in the evaluation and the curriculum of high school, individualism in the development of teaching, haste implementation of the proposal by SEDUC/RS, insufficiency of continuing education conducted by SEDUC/RS to ensure the understanding of the proposal, precarious physical structure and lack of resources to carry out SI activities; The immobilization oh the system favored a redefinition of the SI, turning it into isolated subject that occur basically parallel to other subjects; There are individual actions of some teachers towards change in teaching practices, but this has not been reflected in changes in school work. The results indicate the coexistence of two schools of high school with absolutely different purposes, living both in each school: one that continues to work in favor of a teaching preparatory for higher education, and one that begins to worry about a integral formation of young people. / Buscamos, com esta pesquisa, compreender os processos de organização e de desenvolvimento do trabalho escolar no contexto de implementação da Proposta de Reestruturação Curricular do Ensino Médio da SEDUC/RS (PREM/RS) em escolas da Rede Escolar Pública Estadual do RS. Para tanto, nos propusemos a responder o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Que possibilidades se apresentam para a estabilização das mudanças introduzidas na organização e no desenvolvimento do trabalho escolar no âmbito do processo de implementação da PREM/RS? As fontes de informação para essa pesquisa foram de dois tipos: sujeitos (professores de Seminário Integrado (SI), professores do Ensino Médio e membros da equipe de coordenação pedagógica de Escolas de Ensino Médio) e documentos (Documentos-Base da PREM/RS). Como instrumentos para coleta de informações utilizamos grupo focal e entrevista com os sujeitos e roteiro para análise textual com os documentos. Foram realizados 03 grupos focais que envolveram 20 Professores de SI e foram realizadas 34 entrevistas que envolveram 13 Coordenadores Pedagógicos, 20 Professores de SI (alguns agrupados) e 06 Professores do Ensino Médio, todos eles atuantes em 20 escolas da região da 8ª Coordenadoria Regional de Educação da SEDUC/RS. Pelas análises realizadas, podemos afirmar os seguintes resultados: O trabalho escolar foi impactado pela PREM/RS pela inclusão de novas ações para implementação do SI, afetando consideravelmente o trabalho da coordenação pedagógica e dos professores que assumiram SI; Quanto às mudanças na avaliação, o trabalho escolar foi impactado pela redefinição da forma de organização e realização dos habituais conselhos de classe, realizandoos no encerramento de cada trimestre e reunindo os professores por área curricular; Foram identificados fatores de ordem estrutural, operacional, profissional, pessoal e cultural que dificultaram ou obstaculizaram o processo de implementação da PREM/RS, tais como falta de tempo para estudo, planejamento das aulas e realização de encontros regulares entre professores, resistência de professores às mudanças na avaliação e/ou na matriz curricular do Ensino Médio, individualismo no desenvolvimento do trabalho docente, implantação apressada da proposta pela SEDUC/RS, insuficiência da formação continuada realizada pela SEDUC/RS para garantir o entendimento sobre a proposta, precariedade da estrutura física e falta de recursos para realização de atividades de SI; O engessamento do sistema favoreceu uma ressignificação do SI, transformando-o de espaço proposto para enfrentar uma organização rigorosamente disciplinar do currículo do Ensino Médio, em disciplina isolada, que ocorre, basicamente, de forma paralela às demais disciplinas do Ensino Médio; Existem ações individualizadas de alguns professores no sentido de modificação das práticas docentes, porém isso não tem se refletido em mudanças no trabalho escolar como um todo. Esses resultados sinalizam a coexistência de duas escolas de Ensino Médio com propósitos absolutamente diferentes, convivendo ambas em cada unidade escolar: uma que continua trabalhando em favor de uma formação essencialmente propedêutica, e outra que começa a preocupar-se com uma formação mais integral dos jovens.

The Swedish model is perceived as a successful framework for combining rapid labor market adjustment with low inequality. Formulated by Gösta Rehn and Rudolf Meidner and implemented from the 1950s, it has been associated with the peak in economic restructuring and interregional migration during the 1960s. However, there is little empirical evidence for this. This thesis consists of an introduction and four essays. It explores three aspects of the model from a long-run perspective: interregional migration, wage dispersion and labor market policy. Essay I uses new data to track interregional migration rates in the postwar period (1945-1985). The results show that the responsiveness of interregional migration to local labor market conditions remained stable over time; it was neither higher during the 1960s nor lower when migration declined after 1970. Essay II employs a regression-decomposition framework to analyze the evolution of wage dispersion. The results suggest that wage dispersion was stable from centralized bargaining’s introduction in 1956 to the late 1960s. Afterwards, there was a rapid decline, likely because of solidaristic bargaining. Essay III contrasts the implementation of the active labor market policy to regional policy. Following a decisive shift around 1970, the focus on north to south mobility was replaced with policies to stimulate northern employment. Declining rural support for the Social Democrats and electoral competition from the Center Party caused this shift. Finally, Essay IV is a case study about mobility subsidy usage in Västernorrland County using sources on relocation allowances from 1965, 1970 and 1975. The results indicate that in the 1960s there was strong selection into the program by young persons with good labor market prospects. However, the program’s use did not change after the regional policy shift in the early 1970s. The collective results suggest that the policies associated with the Swedish model were minor for economic restructuring patterns. The migrations of the 1960s and the decline in regional disruptions after 1970 should instead be explained by studying the consequences of structural changes, how regions were progressively affected differently and the possible role that government policies played in directing demand for labor across space.

This thesis examines the case for a wealth transfer tax in Thailand, against the background, inter alia, of the failure of Thailand’s defunct tax law on estate and inheritance (the Estate and Inheritance Tax Act, 1933). Thailand has a significant problem with income and wealth distribution, with an increasing gulf between the rich and the poor—a root cause of the nation’s ongoing political conflicts. Such substantial economic inequality is partly caused by imbalances and inequalities in the Thai taxation system, and it will be argued that the tax system requires restructuring through the introduction of the wealth transfer tax. This would be a significant tax policy initiative that may assist in tackling a root cause of Thailand’s political and economic crises. In addressing the above issues, this thesis examines aspects of the US federal estate and gift taxes and the UK inheritance tax systems. Comparisons between the criteria, rules and concepts in the US and UK systems reveal that Thailand should not simply import wholesale the approach of either country. Both systems have commendable features that may, when combined, help address the causes of the failure of the Thai Estate and Inheritance Tax Act of 1933. It will be argued that a wealth transfer tax should be introduced in Thailand, in the form of a transferor-based system, which incorporates selected criteria, rules, and concepts arising from both the US and UK jurisdictions. In adopting the proposed reform, it is essential to consider Thailand’s political, economic, social and legal contexts, including Thailand’s current legislation relating to wealth transfers, as such laws will inform and partly shape the drafting of a prospective wealth transfer tax in Thailand.

OBJECTIF. Ces travaux de recherche ont étudié l’association entre la qualité de vie au travail (QVT) et les facteurs d’organisation auprès d’une population de personnels hospitaliers. METHODE. Deux études par questionnaires et deux études par entretiens semi-directifs ont été menées. Les études par questionnaires ont exploré les caractéristiques psychosociales professionnelles (JCQ), la qualité de vie (SF-12) et les contraintes psycho-organisationnelles des personnels (NWI-EO). Les entretiens se sont focalisés sur l’organisation du travail, l’environnement de travail, les relations interpersonnelles et l’influence du travail sur la santé. RESULTATS. Un total de 452 professionnels a participé aux enquêtes par questionnaires et 36 professionnels ont été interrogés en entretien. Les professionnels ayant vécu un transfert de services ont présenté des tensions au travail associés à un isolement social accrus et déclarent de plus fortes contraintes concernant le manque de communication ainsi que les relations dégradées au sein des équipes. Dans notre population, les autres principaux facteurs d’organisation associés à la dégradation des caractéristiques psychosociales et de la qualité de vie sont le fait de travailler plus de 2 week-ends par mois, d’être régulièrement de garde, de travailler dans des environnements non fonctionnels et de ne pas participer à des réunions régulières. CONCLUSION. Ces résultats appellent la gestion des hôpitaux à concevoir des processus de communication plus adaptés, de fournir un bon équilibre entre vie professionnelle et personnelle ainsi qu’un environnement ergonomique et fonctionnel. / AIM. These researches examined the association between quality of work life (QoWL) and organizational factors within health care workers. METHOD. Two studies by questionnaires and two studies by semi-structured interviews were conducted. Studies by questionnaires explored the professional psychosocial characteristics (JCQ), quality of life (SF-12) and psycho-organizational constraints (NWI-EO). The interviews focused on the work organization, the work environment, the interpersonal relationships and the influence of work on health. RESULTS. A total of 452 professionals participated in the studies by questionnaires and 36 professionals were interviewed. Professionals who lived a department relocation have presented an increase of job strain associated with social isolation and declared greater constraints concerning the lack of communication as well as team relationships. In our population, the other main factors associated with the degradation of psychosocial characteristics and quality of life are to work more than two weekends a month, to be regularly on call, to work in non-functional environments and to do not participate in regular meetings. CONCLUSION. These results call the hospital management to design more appropriate communication processes, to provide a good balance between professional and personal life as well as an ergonomic and functional environment.

The journey towards insolvency is often a gradual process, thus enabling a business or person in most circumstances to be aware of the danger ahead if adequate precautions are not taken. This position is recognized by the Statute, hence the definition given to a financially distressed company under the Companies Act1 to mean inability to pay all its debts within the immediately ensuring six months or the likelihood of going insolvent within the immediately ensuring six months. Rescue mechanisms are therefore aimed at ensuring that when faced with the signs of insolvency, a business for instance can be properly driven to become solvent again or at least restructured to achieve better realization of assets.2 Indeed, providing alternatives to insolvency is fast becoming a global trend as many countries now appreciate the need to give a person or business experiencing difficult times, the opportunity to rise again without necessarily going through the rigors of liquidation or sequestration. South Africa is not left out in the quest to assist over-indebted persons and provide them with alternative measures beside insolvency. The National Credit Act3 for instance seeks as one of its objectives to prevent over-indebtedness and where it occurs address same by means of debt rearrangement. This is in addition to certain provisions of the Magistrate CourtP a g e Act4 which allow a debtor the option of applying for an administration order and where granted make payment in instalments. The Companies Act also provides for business rescue as well as compromise between company and creditors.5 This research in brief analyses the above mentioned laws in South Africa that provide alternative measures for financially troubled or over-indebted debtors as applicable to corporate and non-corporate entities. The research considers whether these laws are sufficient to assist debtors in financial crisis, the effectiveness of these laws, challenges as well as loopholes taking into consideration what is applicable in other jurisdictions such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. The end of this research contains recommendations that would assist in achieving effective rescue mechanisms or alternatives to insolvency beneficial to both corporate and noncorporate entities in South African. Copyright / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Science has been perceived as difficult to learn because of its nature and the methods by which it is usually taught. Most first-year science students entering higher education in South Africa today come from disadvantaged teaching and learning backgrounds. These students bring different “knowledge, skills or abilities” into the learning process. This knowledge, referred to as prior knowledge – or what the student already knows – is the single most important factor influencing learning (Ausubel, 1968). It is on the basis of this influence of prior knowledge on learning that the focus in this study is on understanding its manifestation in learning. Prior knowledge has both facilitating and inhibiting effects in learning. However, the focus in this study was only on inhibiting effects of prior knowledge on learning. To better understand prior knowledge qualitative methods (interview, observation, document review and the prior knowledge state test) were used. The aim was to specifically establish how students used their understanding of selected acid-base concepts and processes to construct understanding and to generate meaning of new concepts and/or knowledge. The study managed to highlight important aspects of the quality of prior knowledge and their manifestation in learning. The findings generally indicated that: <ul> <li>The quality of the knowledge that students possessed was in most instances incomplete. That is, in their description of concepts, students preferred to use summary and informal descriptions without understanding the meaning of the concepts they were describing.</li> <li> The quality of knowledge (e.g. incomplete knowledge) affected their ability to construct understanding and/or generate meaning as this knowledge was insufficient to access for the construction of scientifically valid meanings of concepts.</li> <li>The quality of students’ knowledge impeded their ability to reflect and/or to be aware of the knowledge they possessed. This made it difficult for students to access knowledge and to restructure it in order to construct new knowledge or prevent errors in their learning.</li> </ul> The study culminated in the development of a framework that may in future be used to assess prior knowledge and enhance meaningful teaching and learning based on the quality of students’ prior knowledge. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

高新技術產業是深圳市產業升級的四大支柱產業之一，其中電子信息產業又佔其一半以上的比重。翻閱探討中國大陸電子資訊產業發展的相關文獻，研究對象多集中在城市內部的科學園區，並以北京和上海的科學園區居多。深圳市作為中國首個國家創新型城市，產業發展不局限於某個科學園區之內，形成了全市範圍的產業聚落。因此，本文以深圳市作為研究對象，探討電子資訊產業的發展狀況和影響因素。 當下，科技創新的重心已經移居深圳，體現在專利數量的優勢、密集的政策出台和資金人才的大量湧入。在產值的增長和知名企業的帶動之下，深圳的電子信息產業聚落尤為突出，已經代表中國在國際範圍施加影響。 然而論及深圳的電子信息產業，經濟特區內部存在先天的空間異質性，各區電子信息產業之傳統、政策和現狀都有很大差異，無法一概而論。本文以深圳市各行政區為分析單位，自主收集相關資料並採用追蹤數據，探討深圳市電子資訊產業在2008-2015年的再結構過程，以及哪些因素對各區產業發展的差異性產生影響。 / High and new technological industry is the most important industry of Shenzhen, in which IT industry is in the majority. Reviewing existing literatures, most of them focus on science parks in Beijing and Shanghai. But Shenzhen is the first official Innovative City in China, where IT industry doesn’t restricted to any science park. After the international financial crisis in 2008, Shenzhen representing China gave influence on the whole world in technology innovation. It has advantages for its IT industry cluster, industry output and large enterprises. Hence, this article will discuss affecting factors of the restructure of Shenzhen IT industry in 2008-2015. However, there is Spatial Heterogeneity in different regions in Shenzhen, such as industry tradition, policies and current situation. Furthermore, this study will base on a sub-regional strategy by panel data.

Ce travail rapporte l’étude des processus de désactivation et des modifications d’un catalyseur Ir supportésur cérine en vaporeformage de l’éthanol. Différentes causes de désactivation ont été identifiées selon lesconditions opératoires : température, temps de contact et temps de réaction. La désactivation initiale,rapide mais limitée a été attribuée à la restructuration de surface de la cérine et à la formation d’unemonocouche d’intermédiaires de type acetate, carbonate et hydroxyls. En parallèle, une désactivationlente et progressive a été mise en évidence, ayant pour origine les changements structurels de l’interfaceentre la cérine et l’iridium, liés au frittage des particules d’iridium et à la restructuration profonde de lacérine. Par contre, la formation continue, à température modérée, d’une couche de carbone encapsulantissu de la polymérisation d’intermédiaires C2 n’a pas semblé contribuer significativement à ladésactivation du catalyseur dans nos conditions opératoires. Pour limiter ce phénomène de désactivation,des modifications ont été apportées au catalyseur. Le dopage du catalyseur par PrOx a permis defortement améliorer la capacité de stockage de l’oxygène et la stabilité thermique du catalyseur,entraînant une augmentation de son activité et de sa stabilité en vaporeformage de l’éthanol. Lecatalyseur Ir/CeO2 a ensuite subi une mise en forme de la cérine (nano-tubes), avec une influencesignificative sur l'activité et la stabilité en vaporeformage de l’éthanol, liée à des effets structuraux. Unemodélisation simplifiée de ces divers phénomènes a également contribué à soutenir les propositionsoriginales de ce travail. / The objective of the thesis was to analyze the ageing processes and the modifications of an Ir/CeO2catalyst for steam reforming of ethanol. Over a model Ir/CeO2 catalyst, the initial and fast deactivationwas ascribed to ceria surface restructuring and the build-up of intermediates monolayer (acetate,carbonate and hydroxyl groups). In parallel, a progressive and slow deactivation was found to come fromthe structural changes at the ceria/Ir interface linked to Ir sintering and ceria restructuring. Theencapsulating carbon, coming from C2 intermediates polymerization, did not seem too detrimental to theactivity in the investigated operating conditions. By doping ceria with PrOx, the oxygen storage capacityand thermal stability were greatly promoted, resulting in the enhanced activity and stability. The Ir/CeO2catalyst was then modified by changing the shape of ceria. It was found that the shape and therefore thestructure of ceria influenced the activity and stability significantly. A simplified modeling of theseprocesses has contributed to support the new proposals of this work.

Cette recherche a pour objet l’étude des déterminants et des effets psychosociaux des situations de travail en termes de stress et de souffrance. C’est sous l’angle du contrat psychologique qu’elle s’intéresse à l’impact des transformations du travail de ces dernières années sur les conditions de son exercice et les relations d’emploi. Elle porte plus particulièrement sur les processus d’interprétation des ruptures du contrat psychologique et les processus d’ajustement et de restructuration des sujets consécutifs aux évolutions de ces relations d’emploi. Au plan théorique la recherche se démarque sensiblement des modèles traditionnels en intégrant, dans l’étude du stress et de la souffrance au travail, les dynamiques subjectives. Notre position théorique considère que, le sujet est actif et pluriel dans sa socialisation et dans le développement de ses relations avec son contexte de travail, autant que dans la recherche de réponses aux exigences de l’organisation et aux siennes que dans les régulations subjectives des conflits qui en naissent. Une consultation hospitalière de souffrance au travail constitue le cadre de cette recherche. Les données recueillies auprès de 103 personnes reçues en accompagnement psychologique dans ce dispositif ont fait l’objet d’une analyse qualitative et d’une analyse quantitative. Des observations cliniques ont été systématiquement confrontées aux résultats d’analyses statistiques.Nous mettons en évidence un lien entre la perception d’une violation du contrat psychologique et la dégradation de l’état de santé psychologique des personnes reçues en consultation. Nous soulignons l’impact de la rupture du contrat, souvent déclenchée par une transformation dans le milieu du travail, autant sur l’individu que sur sa relation de travail. De ces observations et résultats ressort la nécessité de développer des démarches de prévention pluridisciplinaires / The purpose of this research is to study the origins and psychosocial consequences of the working situations leading to stress and mental suffering. It is looking primarily at how the psychological contract has been impacted by the changes that have evolved in the working environment in the past years. It is more particularly centered on the mental processes through which a breach of the psychological contract is being perceived and on the processes that are applied to cope with this altered employment relationship.From a theoretical standpoint, this research departs from the traditional approach to occupational stress insofar as it integrates subjective dynamics into the study of stress and suffering at work. Our theory suggests that the heterogeneous experiences and temporalities of employees have an influence on the organizational socialization as well as on the development of the employment relationship and the subjective regulation of conflicts. A local public hospital service offering psychological care for people suffering from their working situation provide the frame of the research. The information collected via this clinical work done with 103 persons is used for the qualitative and quantitative data analyses. The clinical observations are systematically compared to the results of the statistical analysis. We establish a link between the perception of a violation of the psychological contract and the deterioration of the mental health of the persons received in this psychological care center. We underline the impact of the contract’s breach, often a consequence of changes occurring in the working environment, on the individual as well as on the employment relationship. The empirical and the statistical results emphasize the need for the development and the implementation of psychosocial risks prevention measures by multidisciplinary working groups.